Ukuqwalaselwa amatyala olwaphulo ziinkundla ngendlela ethile. A inkqubo ekhethekileyo ingqalelo ityala lolwaphulo

Lo mthetho yasekhaya, ezama ukugcina ikhosi ekunene ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho kuqoqosho umgudu, ixesha kunye nezibonelelo, edibeneyo umthetho inkqubo ekhethekileyo ezingummiselo zokwamkelwa lesigwebo , ngaphandle kokuba ummangalelwa uyavuma izityholo awayetyatyekwa zona.

A Inkqubo ekhethekileyo: ingqiqo nangomoya

Le esikhethekileyo, imveliso ethile, ukuthatha indawo kumatyeli lokuqala lwenkundla. Yeyona ulwalamano esemthethweni ethile imisebenzi onke amalungu ayo, kunye eziphambili kwaye isigqibo nendima behlabathi okanye inkundla yesithili ukuseka ubukho okanye ukungabikho isiseko somthetho ngezinto ezibehleleyo eziya kufunyanwa enetyala ngokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho a yommangalelwa ngendlela emfutshane yeenkqubo uphando yomthetho kunye nokwamkelwa ezinye izigqibo .

Ngokwendalo, iimpawu ukuba unalo inkqubo ekhethekileyo kwetyala, evunyelwa umthetho, ukwandisa nje kuphela kwinkqubo yenkundla, kodwa eqongeni uphando lokuqala. Kwezinye imithombo zibonisa ukuba imisebenzi ephambili eyabelwe ukuba imveliso ingqalelo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• lula yohlobo yokuxoxwa ezicaciswe ngqo emthethweni namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho;
• yokunyusa kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho zigaba enkundla imveliso, emva ofisi kwimeko yomtshutshisi mthetho ekubhekiselelwe kwiNkundla;
• ukuncitshiswa womsebenzi phezu abagwebi behlabathi kunye neenkundla zezithili.

ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo engamkelekanga lwe kwisenzo kubuyekezwe ngokomthetho amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa, apho umntu ummangalelwa a minor okanye bengento yanto ngokwasengqondweni.

Izizathu isicelo komyalelo ezizodwa

Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation kumhlathi wokuqala yeSiqendu 314 libonelela ilungelo umtyholwa, ukuba imvume nexhoba kunye umtshutshisi (yoluntu okanye yabucala) kwimeko, ukuvakalisa isivumelwano kunye izityholo nxamnye naye ukuba acele ukuba isigwebo elalibizwa ngaphandle kokwenza uvavanyo . Isebenza kuphela ezo amatyala apho isohlwayo iKhowudi Criminal ayidluli ixesha iminyaka elishumi entolongweni.

Izizathu yokusonjululwa ityala lolwaphulo-yijaji elinye okanye ewonke ngendlela ethile bubungqina obaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka bezityholo. Oku ngokungangqalanga kuqinisekiswa yi ijaji ngexesha kunikezelo yesivakalisi. Kufuneka beze kwisigqibo sokuba ukubambana, apho ummangalelwa uyavuma ukuba inkxaso ngokusemthethweni yaye ubungqina, equlethe kwiingxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho (kwiSiqendu 316 CCP).

Ukusetyenziswa ngendlela ekhethekileyo: iimeko

1. Ezikhalazo bafaka yi umtyholwa kwisivumelwano kunye notshutshiso, wayisa, kufuneka ngokusemthethweni.
2. Kumele (ukuba ufuna) ukuba ufake isicelo becela ukuba igwetywe ngaphandle ukugweba iingxoxo phambi kwenkundla, phambi icebo. Lo mthetho uveza ukuba eli thuba ekhethekileyo ixesha (kwiSiqendu 315 Code of Criminal Procedure), okt ngexesha xa kukho familiarization kunye izinto zeli tyala lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ngexesha zetyala preliminary, kwiimeko apho inyanzelekile.
3. 3Litso, otyholwa mthetho kufuneka ulumkele uhlobo kunokwenzeka iziphumo isicelo sakhe ukuba kuza kubakho inkqubo esikhethekileyo isicelo kwetyala.
4. ummeli Private okanye loluntu utshutshiso kufuneka uvume ukuba ukuvakalisa inkcaso.
5. Igama elithi ejele ngenxa ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, owayeze apho umntu umangalelwe akuyi kudlula iminyaka elishumi.
6. uhlobo olufanelekileyo iintlawulo ze uqinisekise ubungqina eqokelelwe kule meko.
7. Umntu kufuneka aqonde kakuhle ityala lakhe yaye bayavumelana naye ngokupheleleyo, kunye ngalinye "ileta" kwi ukubambana.
8. Kungabikho isizathu agxothwe kwetyala.

Umsebenzi kunye ingqalelo ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho: ukulungiselela ukuze

WolwaPhulo-mthetho, uMgwebi, nto leyo bafaka isicelo, kufuneka waneliseke ukuba ummangalelwa wayesazi kakuhle ngemvelo nangomoya, kunye neziphumo isicelo sakhe, nokuba oko kwenziwa ngokuzithandela yaye kuphela emva kokubonisana ngaphambi ngesiluleko . Le miba zixhomekeke lezithuba ezabelwe iziko ngo inkqubo yokulungiselela kwetyala.

Lwezikhalazo ogunyazisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo kuba kwecala asibopheleli zentendelezo. Ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba umthetho yephule iimfuno evunyiweyo xa kufakwa isicelo kulo okanye oluvakalisa ixhoba okanye umtshutshisi (yoluntu okanye yabucala), iya ayinakuphikiswa. Ngaloo Inkundla unganika wolingo ngokubanzi, eqhelekileyo.

Iseshoni Inkundla: inkqubo ye

Ukuqwalaselwa amatyala olwaphulo ziinkundla ngendlela ethile kulawulwa kwiSiqendu 316 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhumbula ezinye iinkalo. Umthetho ayichazwanga kakuhle imithetho malunga nokwakhiwa wenkundla, oya kuqhuba inkqubo. Ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa theory kusenokwenzeka ukuba ummangalelwa uthe izicelo ezimbini. Eyokuqala isicelo ngokutsha ngendlela ekhethekileyo, kwaye eyesibini - on zetyala ezihlangeneyo, eziquka iijaji ezintathu yase, njengoko ekuqhutyweni sisincoko onjalo Lilungelo nokusonjululwa kwamatyala lolwaphulo- izono ezinzulu okanye esinzulu kakhulu (umhlathi wesithathu 2 Inqaku 31 le-Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo ). Kodwa ke eneneni, iimeko ezinjalo zinqabile. Ukuqwalaselwa amatyala olwaphulo ziinkundla ngendlela ethile zinokusetyenziswa ngokungqinelana inxalenye yokuqala yeSiqendu 31 womGaqo oomantyi weNkqubo yoLwaphulo.

Iseshoni Inkundla lwaqhutywa kwi indlela apho bunikwa entendelezweni Umzekelo kuqala ingqalelo nokusombulula kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, oko kukuthi, ngokubanzi, ukongeza kwinani iimpawu. Okokuqala, uwunikela kwaye kuyimfuneko inxaxheba umtyholwa kunye necebo lakhe okanye igqwetha. Kulo mzekelo, hayi ulawulo, leyo umisela Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation kwi isahlulo sesine inqaku 247. Ithi malunga kungenzeka ukuba ibambe iingxoxo kwimeko eliphakathi okanye nondiliseko encinane ngaphandle inxaxheba umtyholwa ukuba isandla sakhe lowu yi lwezikhalazo. Kwakhona qiniseka ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kule yabucala okanye umtshutshisi woluntu, uyavela ekuqaleni neengxelo ityala umtyholwa.

Ngaphezu koko, inkundla bancinwa ummangalelwa malunga nokucaca oko otyholwa, kwemvume yakhe kuyo. Buza umbuzo malunga nokugcina isicelo eyapapashwa ngaphambili. Ukuba banikwe phambi ixhoba, wabuza umbuzo ofanayo. Xa engekho, ijaji kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba aziswe iya kubanjwa xa ulingo (Code of Criminal Procedure), ezizezi, ixesha, indawo, kwaye xa kungekho kwezindululo isandla sakhe nxamnye isicelo, ummangalelwa ibango.

Phantsi kwale nkqubo, isifundo oluchanekileyo imithetho jikelele yenkqubo akwenziwanga. Oku kunokwenziwa kuphela malunga iimeko ukunika ingcinga yokuba ungubani ummangalelwa, kwakunye sisohlwayo mandundu okanye ukunciphisa. Isibakala sokuba wavuma kunye notshutshiso Wandihambisa, ukuba uthi inkundla kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho yaye ubungqina equlethwe kuwo, wafunda ngaphantsi ngenyameko.

Kwezivakalisi kunye isibheno sakhe

Isigwebo onetyala ingapasiswa kuphela ukuba kukho ijaji isigwebo ngaphakathi ngokuqinileyo ityala elo yommangalelwa. Kufuneka ukuba ibe aluhlaza, kwaye zisekelwe phezu uvavanyo ubungqina eziqulathwe ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuqwalaselwa amatyala olwaphulo ziinkundla ngendlela ethile kuvumela isohlwayo lithambile ayikwazi ngaphezulu esithathwini ezimbini zokuqala kweKota liphezulu isohlwayo olunzima kakhulu, nto leyo ifakiwe i-Code yoLwaphulo ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho.

A egwetyiwe inxalenye ezichazayo nenkuthazo kufuneka siqulathe ingxelo Enyanisweni kunye nesalathisi ityala lolwaphulo phezu isigxina ekwenzeni oko, apho ummangalelwa wabanika imvume yakhe, kwakunye izigqibo zokugqibela bentendelezo ekuqhutyweni komsebenzi ogunyaziswe ngesigqibo sayo ikwimo kwetyala ngomyalelo okhethekileyo. Uhlalutyo yale ubungqina novavanyo yayo aziboniswanga.

Xa ngecala unelungelo lokufaka isibheno esichasene nokuvalelwa isibheno, ngaphandle isiseko, elonyulwe mhlathi lokuqala lwenqaku 379 Code of Criminal Procedure (ezichazwe kwi sigwebo lweziphumo senkundla, enyanisweni ayingqinelani iimeko ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho).

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba isigqibo ngenye

Ukuqwalaselwa amatyala olwaphulo ziinkundla ngendlela ekhethekileyo unika yokugweba, ngokutsho imithetho jikelele unetyala. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kwisahluko 40 i-Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation akukho imithetho iyakuthintela ukuthatha izigqibo ezithile. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ngaba akufuneki ukuba bahlole ubungqina kunye neemeko kwimeko (abona bagqibileyo) abazitshintshi. Umzekelo, ukuba sisigqibo ukutshintsha isiqinisekiso betyala (kuphela bejonge zokubonisa), ukupheliswa kwiingxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa kokuphelelwa kwexesha kwesithintelo, utshintsho umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho, uxolelwaniso kunye ixhoba, isenzo uxolelo okanye ukungaphumeleli umtshutshisi woluntu zentlawulo.

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ubungqina ngesigqibo ngayo ungenatyala, umgwebi kukhupha isigqibo ukumisa njani imveliso ngayo ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngendlela ethile nesinika ukuba ukuqwalaselwa imithetho jikelele.

Isiphelo kwesivumelwano intsebenziswano a (pre-trial)

Oku kubhekisela kwisivumelwano esikhethekileyo phakathi kwam kunye notshutshiso amaqela apho bavumelane nemiqathango uxanduva ummangalelwa (umrhanelwa), ngokuxhomekeke izenzo zabo emva kwexesha ziya kutshutshiswa okanye singabalelwa mntwini. Ngokutsho Criminal Procedure uMthetho, isikhalazo ecela ukuba enze isivumelwano sentsebenziswano (pre-kwetyala) inika umrhanelwa (okanye ummangalelwa), njalo ngokubhaliweyo kwi-ofisi yomtshutshisi esisayinwe isiluleko okanye ligqwetha. Oko kuchazwe kwi ekuqaleni kwekota ngomhla otshutshiso, kunye kude kube lixesha xa uya kubhengezwa ekugqityweni kophando lokuqala. Lo msebenzi mawubandakanye isikhokelo nezenzo umtyholwa okanye umrhanelwa uyavuma ukwenza ukuba kube lula uphando swonghasi, ebhenca ezinye ababehamba, lokuzoba impahla elahlekileyo. Igqwetha sihlaziye isicelo kwisithuba sexesha elingadlulanga kwiintsuku ezintathu, baze emva koko wenza isigqibo ukuvunywa okanye ukwaliwa.

Uphando lokuqala oluqhutywa ngokungqinelana ne-Code of Criminal Procedure (izahluko 22-27 ne-30) kunye iinkcukacha ezicaciswe kwiSiqendu 317,4. Emva kokuphela ityala lolwaphulo kugqithiselwa ngumtshutshisi, owathi, kunye ukubambana kwenza umelo. Kule yokugqibela, walatha kwi yokwenza izibophelelo yi ummangalelwa ukuba wathabathela kuye.

Emva kokuba ityala elo liye enkundleni, kunye nokumelwa (oko kukuthi isizathu, ngokutsho Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 317.6), umbuzo ukuba iseke inkqubo esikhethekileyo ukuqwalaselwa ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ingxaki ngendlela ekhethekileyo yeengxoxo

1. ukhuselo kuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo kunye nomdla wabo bonke ababandakanyeka kwinkqubo kwimeko yolwaphulo abantu phantsi iindlela elandelwayo ukunciphisa, ezisetyenziswa ukuseka iimeko kolwaphulo- mthetho phantsi kwayo.
2. isohlwayo Sound kunye ekungavumelekileyo ukuba umntu ukuvuma ityala lakhe, inkundla kulo mzekelo akuthethi ukuseka iimeko nangoko ulwaphulo-mthetho.
3. A Ukuncitshiswa kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kuphengululo kunye nophando ityala.
4. Ukunciphisa ixesha eluvalelweni kwimeko isicelo sale ngumlinganiselo oya ummangalelwa.

Uphengululo ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi olungqongqo lweenkqubo nemigaqo ye kweenkundla ezintsonkothileyo amatyala, voluminous mthetho apho isicelo alwamkelekanga "Ukuze ekhethekileyo" iinkqubo ngenxa ukuxhokonxa nozinziso ekhawulezayo lamatyala ingqalelo didi.

kwiinkalo ezakhayo 'ukuze ekhethekileyo "

Uyinqaba oko kunokubonakala kunzima, kodwa hayi kangako. Eyona yokuqala ibalulekileyo - kukuba ummangalelwa, xa wavuma izityholo nxamnye nabo, bayakwazi ukwenza lula intlungu yabo ubuncinane 1/3 isohlwayo kunawo ezilungiselelwe inqaku apho ofanelekileyo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, ukuba wenza isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho, nelona qondo liphezulu apho emi-6 entolongweni, ngoko ke 'ukuze ekhethekileyo "isithuba esiphezulu akayi kuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-4. I-plus yesibini - iimviwo ekhawulezayo ityala enkundleni, lwenza lula, kunciphisa ixesha kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye zimenza inani mathuba ezizodwa imveliso kwi kwezinye izigaba inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ke ukugqithisela lesithathu (ukuba urhulumente) - ukugcina izixhobo procedural and eziphathekayo.

izinto ezimbi

• Okokuqala, kufuneka bavumelane ngokupheleleyo yonke into thaca ngokupheleleyo, kunye unobumba ngamnye ukubambana. Kuphela ke oko kunokwenzeka ukuba wazama ngaphakathi 'umyalelo ekhethekileyo ".
• Okwesibini, ukuba lo mntu ayikho ngokuhambelana enetyala, ngoko ke akanalo ilungelo lokubhena ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko Rule yale meko. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu ogwetyiweyo akayi kuba nako ukubonisa angawenzanga-mthetho. YeZibheno ingaba kuphela nakuphi na ukwaphulwa yenkqubo eyenziwe yinkundla, kwakunye ubungqongqo yesivakalisi, becaphula kokusesikweni kwakhe.
• Kwaye, okwesithathu, sisazi sisazela akuthethi isivumelwano kunye amanyathelo omthetho, ukuba naye bakhonza. Ukuba uyavumelana naye ngendlela ekhethekileyo, isikhalazo emva ngokuchasene sigwebo ingxabano kunye nefom yebango yegosa lommangali yaliwe.

Enoba kunjalo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba le nkqubo, ukunyanzela wokungeniswa kwesicelo akukho mntu. Oku nje yomntu ngokuzithandela.

Into yokwenza isicelo kwinkundla yamatyala ngaphakathi umyalelo owodwa entsha kwaye ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa ehlabathini, umzekelo i-USA, Sirayeli, India, yaye amanye amazwe aseYurophu. ERashiya, wavelisa kuthelekiswa kutshanje, ngo-2009. Njani igama wolwaPhulo-mthetho Institute, yena amathuba ngendlela elungileyo, kodwa, ke, kufuna phambili uphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa.