Ukuqhuba inkqubo fuel injini ukusuka A ukuya Z. Scheme inkqubo, zidliwe i injini diesel kunye injini nepetroli

inkqubo yezibaso - njengento ebalulekileyo nayiphi na imoto mihla. Loo nto inika imbonakalo amafutha kwi cylinder injini. Ngoko ke, zamafutha ithathwa njengenye yeekhomponenti eziphambili yonke yoyilo umatshini. In nqaku Umzobo yanamhlanje kwenkqubo amafutha iza kuqwalaselwa, isakhiwo sayo kunye nemisebenzi.

ukuqashwa

Umsebenzi iphambili yale yunithi unikezele injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi isixa esithile zamafutha. Ngaphambili phambi kokuba udlula amanyathelo zokuhlanjululwa eziliqela yaye esidla njengesilinda enoxinzelelo.

device node

Isimanga, kodwa inkqubo kwinkqubo amafutha injini diesel ifana kakhulu noogxa epetroli. Umahluko kuphela phakathi kwabo kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo inaliti. Kodwa ngaloo kamva, kodwa ngoku makhe sijonge kuyilo site.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo amafutha isicwangciso busenza ukuba ubukho eziqalelo design ilandelayo:

• Itanki gas. Le Ingxenye nga kuveliswa ukusuka kuxwebhu intsimbi okanye ezinepolypropylene ashinyeneyo kakhulu. Xa iimoto lwabakhweli itanki amafutha off-kwendlela ukhwele emazantsi. Xa izithuthi impahla, xa iitrektara ethile, loo nto zibambene nayo exhasa ezikhethekileyo phakathi asi diff kwaye ngaphambili (ekhohlo okanye ekunene). Itanki yamafutha unalo isivingco ekunqandeni amafutha ukuphuma sokuba isithuthi.
• Lokufaka cap. Le nto ngomsonto okhethekileyo, nto leyo eyenza umoya owongozelelweyo kwi ziba yayo. Kodwa ukuba umqhubi kwaba lula ukuba ukhulule isiciko kuyo sele ratchet okhethekileyo. Kwakhona le ngxenye unalo isivingco yokhuseleko apho, xa isithuthi ongena kwingozi yemoto xi ekudambiseni ngaphakathi etankini. Phela, ku koomatshini mihla kunye exhausts oluqhelekileyo "Euro-2" kunye ukungena kakhulu amafutha umphunga emoyeni akuvumelekanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba bababambe kule nkqubo sifakelwe carbon adsorber okhethekileyo.
• impompo yamafutha. Le element ine sombane drive kwaye ibekwe ngaphakathi etankini. Impompo ilawulwa iyunithi yolawulo-elektroniki. Ukusabela ezinkcukacha ezinikelwe yi gqatso okhethekileyo. Xa umqhubi ujika ON ucinezelo, esebenza ixesha elithile (imizuzwana akukho ngaphezulu kwe 4-5), ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwa uxinzelelo ayinqwenelayo kwinkqubo ukuqalisa injini. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba kwimpompo lupholisiwe ipetroli. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kunye itanki engenanto kungonakalisa kuyo.
• Fuel lokucoca ulwelo. Ngokufuthi, imoto kufakwa iintlobo ezimbini izinto data. Le indlela entle kwaye wenu kalula. Kwesisefo ukhwele izindlu impompo yamafutha. Eli umsebenzi wakhe kuxhomekeke bebeye of ezingcolisa ukuba bangene injini ibe umlotha kwemfuneko. Kwakhona, icebo lokucoca ukuba isebenziseke iphucula kakhulu ubomi yokusebenza, inqandwa yiyo bangangcoliseki rhoqo. Indlela entle yokucoca ukwakweli emazantsi umzimba, ejongene ukunqunyanyiswa isithuthi angasemva. Olu hlobo lwe filter isekelwe element yephepha olukwaziyo ukubamba amasuntswana ukungcola, tar kunye intlenga, nto leyo kunokonakalisa inkqubo amafutha.

level fuel woluvo

Sikhoyo kwi kwimodyuli pump. Xa uyilo, umenzi woluvo inqanaba amafutha yinkqubo encinane kuqulethe edadayo kunye nendlela ukumelana zoqhagamshelwano bume kunye nenayiloni. Kuxhomekeka inani kokuqulathwe ngaphakathi etankini amafutha, kweelana utshintsho element, leyo oqondela inaliti kwiqela sezixhobo kule ndlwana. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba woluvo wamafutha lichatshazelwe ngokungalunganga mgangathweni kwezithako amafutha ingekuko xa utshintsho lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi etankini rhoqo.

eHeidelberg

Le nto ibandakanya nemilomo ezine, nganye eneyazo a ingono enikiweyo. Umgwaqo ifakiwe kule, obuziintlobo ezininzi, kanye owenza umsebenzi unikezelo amafutha ukuya isilinda nganye.

esemzimbeni

Le iinkcukacha kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba isithuthi, ekubeni kuxhomekeke kwi imeko umgangatho ukutshiswa umxube amafutha-moya, kunye nokusetyenziswa amandla kwesithuthi. Amanzi esatsiba yindlela encinane valve solenoid. Last ilawulwa yi-ECU. Xa iyunithi yolawulo Ulothetha unikezelo amandla esatsiba jiko, ivaliwe valve ibhola ivula kunye amafutha asebenza nebulizers umlomo ipleyiti. Ke kaloku, ipleyiti zinemingxuma ukuba zisetyenziswa ukunyenyisa amafutha. Zamafutha lesitofu esatsiba ijelo semigudu eziliqela ugwebu. Ngenxa yoko, umphunga ngaphambi kokuba angene kwigumbi yokutsha.

Iindidi Iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa amafutha

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba umahluko phakathi kweendidi eziliqela kwiinkqubo amafutha, ezisetyenziswa kwinjini diesel nepetroli. Ingakumbi, inkqubo ipetroli lwangaphakathi amafutha yokutsha injini sahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini kwaye inokuba isiBeki okanye injector. Zombini ezi ntlobo ukungaboni kwabo kuyilo kunye nomsebenzi.

Iimpawu isiBeki

Umahluko iphambili yale nkqubo ukusuka injector fuel of smeseobrazovatelya kakhulu. Igama ngaye - isiBeki. Oku kulapho kukho ulungiselelo umxube amafutha-moya. Cwangcisa i isiBeki kwi ngezilingo otyiwa. Kuso izibaso eyondliwe leyo kutshizwa kwixesha elizayo ngokusebenzisa Jets kwaye ixutywa nomoya. Lo mxube ogqityiweyo iya kufakwa kulo eziphindaphindiweyo ngalo ivelufa umcephe wokunyusa. Indawo yokugqibela ixhomekeke kwinqanaba wolayisho injini kunye nenani yeenguqu yayo. Ke kaloku, amafutha inkqubo yemizobo ye injini yayanele iyaboniswa kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi:

Njengoko ubona, xa elungiswa kunye amafutha yokutsha nomxube luvuliwe abenzi boluvo abaninzi kangaka elektroniki. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba isithuthi limele woluvo umcephe isikhundla kunye neziphithiphithi crankshaft.

Qaphela kwakhona ukuba inkqubo amafutha yesekethe (UAZ "izonka" kuquka) uhlobo પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi yohlukile kwinqanaba uxinzelelo eliphantsi, nto leyo senziwa isitofu yesibaso. Unikezelo olingene inye kakhulu iziqulathi injini lwenziwa yi womxhuzulane, ngamanye ngokuthotywa xi egumbini yokutsha kwi nokutshintshwa piston e BDC.

Iimpawu ze injector

inkqubo fuel Scheme ( "Mercedes E200" kuquka) uhlobo inaliti kukho umahluko obalulekileyo ukusuka isiBeki-analog:

• Okokuqala, itanki yamafutha ngayo inikezelwa umgwaqo, abaqhagamshelwe esatsiba yokutshiza.
• Okwesibini, umoya egumbini injini yokutsha inikezelwa ngokusebenzisa isixhobo ekhethekileyo umcephe wokunyusa.
• Okwesithathu, izinga loxinzelelo eyenziwe kwimpompo kule nkqubo, maxa wambi ngaphezu koko kudala indlela isiBeki. Le meko luchazwa imfuneko ukuqinisekisa amafutha nkqi inaliti umlomo kwigumbi yokutsha.

Kodwa asinguye kuphela lo yahlukile kwinkqubo isiBeki-elekhtrons. "Chevrolet Niva" (umzobo amafutha yayo echazwe kwifoto ngezantsi), kwakunye nezinye iimoto mihla, unayo yayo babizwa ngokuba "ubuchopho elektroniki", oko kukuthi ECU. Last noxanduva lokuthatha nokuhoywa ulwazi kuzo zonke izixhobo ezikhoyo emotweni.

Ngoko ke, i ECU kwakhona ulawula elekhtrons. Kuxhomekeka indlela bombane imisela ukuba uhlobo umxube kufuneka kufakwa lombhobho - ngasweleyo nokuba nganobutyebi. Kodwa asinguye kuphela lo mzobo yohlukile inkqubo kwamafutha ( "kuquka Ford Transit» CDi) uhlobo inaliti. Oku kungenzeka ukuba inani ezahlukeneyo nemilomo. Oku kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kwicandelo elilandelayo.

Scheme amafutha inaliti kwi isithuthi inaliti

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindidi ezimbini lweenkqubo ziphene:

• Monovpryskovye.
• Kunye naliti ezininzi.

Kwimeko yokuqala, ubonelelo amafutha bonke iisilinda kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umlomo mnye. Kweli nqanaba iinkqubo monovpryskovye ukuba ngenkankulu kusetyenziswa izithuthi mihla, akunakuthethwa malunga iimoto kunye inaliti zisasazwe. Osemqoka injectors ezinjalo kukuba ukuze cylinder ngamnye usethe umlomo wayo, ngamnye. Lo mzobo yokufaka oluthembekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isetyenziswa yi zonke automakers mihla.

wenza njani le injector?

Lo mgaqo yale nkqubo ilula kakhulu. Kwamafutha evela itanki yi nempompo kondliwa ngololiwe (kusoloko kukho amafutha ngamandla). Okulandelayo iya kwi injector, ngalo leyo kutshizwa kwigumbi yokutsha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isitofu ayikho abasisigxina, kwaye kumathuba athile. Ngelo xesha linye unikezelo amafutha emoyeni engena nkqubo. Xa ukuyilwa umxube amafutha zenzeke umlinganiselo othile, ingena egumbini yokutsha. Inkqubo ekulungiseleleni umxube injectors ngokukhawuleza izihlandlo eziliqela kunokuba injini ipetroli. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba umsebenzi nemilomo zokutshiza ilawula inani abenzi boluvo ezongezelelweyo. kuphela umqondiso iyunithi yolawulo electronic Ulothetha elekhtrons. Njengoko ubona, inkqubo yesekethe ziphene-uhlobo fuel eyahlukileyo ukusuka isiBeki. Okokuqala, kukho nemilomo eyahlukileyo bekwi-elekhtrons kwigumbi yokutsha. Nangaphezu koko, njengokuba iimoto ipetroli, kunye plug yintlantsi wajika ngomjikelo yokutsha kuliwa, ithotyiweyo aze ke atshintshelwe kungena stroke piston.

inkqubo Driving of kubaswa injini diesel

inkqubo yonikezelo diesel injini uneempawu zawo. Okokuqala, ubonelelo kukudla kwigumbi yokutsha lwenziwa phantsi umlomo olukhulu koxinzelelo. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yale kwaye wokhela umxube kwi iziqulathi. Xa iinjini inaliti enye umxube wakhanya ngokusebenzisa ube yintlantsi okudalwe plug yintlantsi. Okwesibini, uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo eyenza i impompo yamafutha (Impompo aphezulu amafutha-uxinzelelo).

Oko kukuthi, inkqubo amafutha yesekethe (MAZ KamAZov kwaye kuquka) zenza ukuba xa naos ezimbini esetyenziselwa ngenaliti. Enye ngamandla aphansi, owesibini - phezulu. Imvelaphi (ekwabizwa ngokuba priming) uya kunibonelela amafutha kwitanki kunye amafutha yesibini abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo injector.

Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo inkqubo kwamafutha i (KamAz 5320):

Njengoko ubona, isebenzisa izinto eninzi ngaphezu iimoto ipetroli. Hi ndlela leyi, phezu kwezinye iinguqulelo ze iinjini KAMAZ yi Ukongezelela sifakele turbocharger. uthwele aba umsebenzi ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa zeemoto kwaye ngexesha elinye kwandisa amandla elipheleleyo injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Loo inkqubo inkqubo amafutha (KamAz 5320-5410) uvumela amafutha ungabutofela noxinzelelo ephezulu. Kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha zizonke kwinqanaba elifanayo.

i algorithm

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo iinkqubo idizili, iye yobunzima ezininzi, ngokungafaniyo injector. inkqubo fuel Scheme ( "Ford Transit» TDI) ezinjalo ukuba amafutha usebenzisa pump umxhesho udlula lokucoca entle kwaye anikwe kwimpompo isitofu. Apho phantsi koxinzelelo omkhulu ebengena injector ibekwe intloko njengesilinda. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, indlela iya kuvulwa, kwaye umxube amafutha koko itshizwe kwenzeka egumbini, leyo ivelufa inikezelwa nge air eyahlukileyo pre-hlamba. Inxalenye ezingaphezu kwimpompo ziphene idizili kunye umlomo wabuyela emva itanki (kodwa hayi kwi icebo lokucoca ulwelo, yaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo - neetyhubhu ze reflux). Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo kwamafutha kwisazobe a injini diesel inzima kakhulu kwaye ifuna ngqo ngakumbi kumalungiselelo ngomxube enokutsha. Ngako oko, ezifana neendleko iinjini yesondlo liwuphakamele ukuba kutywinwe iintanda isitofu.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke Ndiyaqonda oko kukhangeleka ngathi umzobo kwenkqubo amafutha le injini diesel nepetroli. Njengoko ubona, isixhobo data esiludumbo ayahlukanga enye kwenye, ngaphandle uhlobo impompo yamafutha. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkqubo le nkqubo amafutha, ixesha kulungiselelwa amafutha umxube ngeemoto mihla lincinane kakhulu. Ngoko ke, zonke iindlela kufuneka asebenze kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngokuthembekileyo kwaye kakuhle, kuba sohlolo incinane usebenziso lwabo kunokubangela ukutshisa ngokungalinganiyo amafutha kunye ukungasebenzi le injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi.