Ixesha umda jikelele ... of the Code Civil: ummiselo ukulinganiselwa

Lo mkhwa amangomso ukuba ngomso sizalwa kwabaninzi. Abanye ukukugwebela oko omninzi zabo, abanye - chaza nje ubuvila lakhe. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ndawo kunokubangela imiphumo akucingeleki, yaye ngokufuthi ezingemnandi. Sithetha ngayo kwiinkqubo zenkundla. Ngoko, abantu abaninzi baye ezinye izinto ukwenza ukuba ukusombulula ukuba kufuneka nje ukuba ndibhenele kwiinkundla. Kusenokwenzeka ingqokelela amatyala amadala kunye ingqalelo nasiphi na isenzo iqela ayisebenzi wesithathu. Kwiimeko ezithile, ukuba ukutsiba ixesha, nto leyo anikwa zikarhulumente zophengululo lobulungisa, isigqibo senkundla isenokungabi egameni lommangali. INkundla kulo mzekelo kuyibiza kokuphela kwexesha mda.

Imida yezenzo. ekwakhiweni

Nawuphi na umntu unelungelo uqhubeke ku oomatshini egwebayo ngenxa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu. Noko ke, lo mthetho, emisela isakhelo ixesha lokungeniswa isibhengezo enjalo, kwelinye icala, ikhusela amalungelo umntu, kwelinye icala, zikhuselwe ukusa kumkhamo othile iimfuno yommangalelwa. Le yokugqibela akakwazi kuba umphefumlo wayo kwimo ukungaqiniseki, yonke imihla elinde ukuba ibango kubo, ngoko ke urhulumente kunye nokusebenzisa le kagqirha. Ubakhuthaza lommangali kunye zicelo zesibheno ngexesha ukuya enkundleni ukwenzela ukukhusela amalungelo ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Imida amanyathelo yahlukile kwezinye amagama, ezifana kagqirha acquisitive. Oku kubangelwa kukungabikho nethuba, xa kwakukho sicatshulwa kwexesha nciphiso, ukulwela amalungelo abo enkundleni ngenkani. Noko ke, ekupheleni kwekota ayihambelani ayikuthinteli ilungelo umfaki-sicelo ufake ibango.

Ixesha lilonke

Of the Code Civil echazwe kule kota. Umthetho lowo ubizwa ngokuba eqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi enxulumene uhlobo kugqibelelo yezibheno kwiinkundla. Ngamanye amazwi, igama jikelele isicelo njalo, ukuba kukho ixesha ekhethekileyo elibekiweyo. Ngokutsho lo mthetho, ixesha umda jikelele iminyaka emi-3. xesha isebenza zomthetho nezobudlelwane ezivela phakathi abemi, imibutho Intermedia ngokunjalo phakathi kwabemi kunye nemibutho esemthethweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nokuba amaqela ziye zagqiba isivumelwano phakathi kwabo, ukuseka kuyo nayiphi na imiqathango eyodwa, kwimeko enjalo imvumelwano alisayi kuba namandla.

term Special

Ukuze siqonde ukuba ixesha nciphiso ixesha ngokubanzi, kufuneka ukuba uyazi, ukuba ayikwazi hlengiswa xa kwavela imeko, okanye mandithi ithuba isibheno yayo, amagama ezizodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi iparameters ezizodwa kufuneka ithuba lokuba abe kunye nobude obubuphindaphinda Kratie kwasekwa ngokubanzi. amagama ezizodwa ilawulwa imithetho, kuquka i-Code Civil.

Umzekelo, i-Code Civil ixesha nciphiso lochaziweyo kwezibheno ngokufanayo lommangali 'kwiminyaka elishumi iinkundla kunye ibango ukuba kusetyenziswe iziphumo zidala okanye isivumelwano olungasebenziyo. Nakuba kunjalo, kuninzi umthetho wobukhaya akukho eyandisiweyo, kodwa koko, imadlana ngokwalo. Ngenxa yoko, ngezenzo for ukuchitha kweentlobo ezithile zentengiselwano, eli xesha inokuba iinyanga ezili-12. Ixesha elifanayo iseti ixesha kunye namabango ukuba abathwali. unikwa iminyaka emibini ukungenisa amabango iinkampani ze-inshorensi.

asebenzisa

Nangona ixesha umda jikelele iinyanga 36, iinkundla sasingabhekisi kuyo, ngaphandle kokuthatha ukusetyenziswa ngummi. Ukusetyenziswa loo mthetho amayeza enikwa kuphela kwisithuba apho ummangalelwa Party kuye kwaziswa ngayo. Itsiba ixesha umda akumenzi kuthetha ukuba lo mbuzo aziyi ngokupheleleyo kwaye kuxhomekeke ukupheliswa okanye ukugxothwa ibango. Ukuba ummangalelwa ufuna inkundla isicelo lo mthetho, kufuneka sivakalise isicelo ehambelana ukuya enkundleni, ubuncinane ngomlomo, ubuncinane ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Ukuba isibhengezo akwenziwanga ifunyenwe, inkundla ayikwazi ngokuzimeleyo ukusebenzisa ngummiselo ukulinganiselwa.

Kwakhona khumbula ukuba, ukuba imbambano ibandakanya abamangalelwa eziliqela, kunye nonyango lwe pass, xa isicelo yayo yinkundla kufuneka sigcwaliswe bonke bephela. Ukuba sigcwalisiwe sommangali omnye kuphela, ijaji usebenzisa ixesha kwesithintelo kuphela ngokunxulumene kule ummangalelwa. Kukho ukuxolelwa. Ekamantyi angala kummangali kukho ingxelo onjalo ummangalelwa omnye kuphela xa ibango lommangali ukuba asikwazi ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga kwenziwe ngabanye. Umzekelo, kwimeko enjalo enokuvela xa kufakwa ibango ngenxa ukufunyanwa isithuthi, nto leyo elihlangene ngabantu abaninzi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isicelo ezingummiselo iintsilelo kusenokwenzeka kwakhona ngokucelwa ngummangali, hayi kuphela ngummangalelwa. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, oku kunqabile kakhulu. Ngokusisiseko, onjalo ummangali imfuneko ubanga otyalayo.

Umthetho lifakelelwe ne ixesha elisikelweyo lokufaka ibango ukusetyenziswa kwexesha nciphiso, le mfuneko kufuneka sifakwe emva isixhobo lokugqibela kwetyala. Oko kukuthi, imfuneko ingenziwa ngexesha lokuthethwa kwetyala, kule ngxoxo zamaqela, isifundo ifayile yetyala, kodwa phambi kokuba inkundla umhlala kwigumbi cingisisi, apho uya kuthatha isigqibo.

Ekubaleni isithuba

Umthetho entsimini ngobuhlobo ngqo xesha, ngaphezu apho ixesha mda echazwe. Eli nani, xa abantu bembuza malunga non-nokuhambelana amagunya ayo. Ukuba ummangali zange baziswe ngale nto, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba kwezinye iimeko njongo kufanele ukuba bebengayazanga malunga kophulwa amalungelo akhe, ixesha kusekho iqala ukubaleka kule ngongoma. Umzekelo esivumelwaneni ngamaqela, apho umthengisi kufuneka lokuzisa iimpahla kumthengi kwixesha yeentsuku ezintlanu emva kokufunyanwa wokugqibela xwebhu yentlawulo ahambelanayo. Xa kunjalo, ukuba umthengisi elingayizalisanga izibophelelo zalo, kunye namaxwebhu intlawulo wangena, ixesha umda uqalisa ukubaleka kungena kwimvumelwano ekupheleni kwale ngethuba leentsuku ezi-5.

Ngomhla lokuqhubeka thuba aluchaphazeli Enyanisweni, lowo wacela ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo badlwengulwe. Oko kukuthi, ukuba unetyala esemthethweni ngubani na inkqubo yimali, isimangalo bafaka ikhomishini impahla, oko akuthethi ukuba ilungelo lokuba ukuthethelela amabango abo ukuba kutshanje nje bafunda etyala elo likhoyo. Ummiselo yokwala kwetyala kule meko iya kubalwa ukusuka mzuzu xa umbutho uyathinjwa bafunda ngayo.

Ekumiseleni umhla xa ukubalwa xesha luqala, kufuneka ukwahlula phakathi umhla ityala kunye nomhla xa umntu, amalungelo abo ugqithisayo, wayesazi ngayo. Asinto kunzima ukuchonga umhla enjalo xa ofun uthe wanolwazi ityala ngosuku olufanayo. Noko ke, ekubeni sifunde kakhulu kamva. Umzekelo, iflethi, okubumnini lwazo yahlulwa phakathi abanini eziliqela. Kulo mzekelo, imvume nawuphi na umnini, ngubani na kuhambo ishishini, awulenzanga ubango, kwaye ngenene, luvelise candelo ngaphandle isabelo yayo. Le njengesiqalo ekubaleni ixesha ezinjalo, ndayihluthwa umnini uya kuba lusuku xa uqala ukubona kukwaphula imithetho.

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko xa umntu kufuneka bazazi kophulwa amalungelo akhe ngokusekelwe izivumelwano laqukumbela inkalo ethile yokwenza izibophelelo. Umzekelo. Izivumelwano mboleko kugqitywa phakathi abathengi yibhanki kunye ibhanki ngokwayo, bonisa ixesha xa mboleko kufuneka ibe seyibuyisiwe. Emva kokuvela imini xa engekho ixesha yentlawulo iqala ukuya kokungeniswa amabango ebhankini kunye neemfuno.

Ngaba lo gama inqunyanyiswe

umthetho civil Russian ubonelela iimeko apho kukho ixesha nciphiso uya kuvingcwa okwethutyana. Kwaye nangona ixesha umda jikelele iinyanga ezimashumi mathathu anesithandathu, ngenxa kumiswa mhlawumbi kube elide. Enyanisweni, kumiswa ibangwa kukuba ngamaxesha athile kwiimeko ezithile, ummangali akakwazi ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakhe ukuzithethelela enkundleni.

Kubo Code Civil ixesha mda liyanqunyanyiswa ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo.

1. Action ngamandla majeure. Kuyabonakala ukuba phantsi eli gama ukufumana ezinye iintlekele zemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko amandla majeure nako kubangelwa, kunye nezenzo zabantu, umzekelo, izenzo ukulwa okanye uqhankqalazo kunye nezinye Uqhankqalazo inyambalala yabantu. Kuba iimeko ezinjalo luphawulwa ngemvelo engaqhelekanga, nto leyo nemvelo, kunye nophuhliso ngokupheleleyo eziqhelekileyo. Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo kufuneka azinakwenzeka ukuthintela. Umzekelo, ukuba isaqhwithi, amandla apho iingongoma ezintlanu, ulwandle ziya kuqwalaselwa ukuba impahla encinane ngamandla majeure, isaqhwithi ofanayo amandla efanayo umkhumbi enzima ezinjalo abayi kuba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, inkcazelo kwezinye iimeko abawela ngaphakathi komthetho amandla majeure yaye ngenxa yoko Kumiswe ixesha kwesithintelo, kuba lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa lentendelezo. Kuphela inkundla kweengxoxo kwimeko ethile ingathatha isigqibo malunga nesicelo ye izizathu zokumiswa kwexesha.
2. Ezi zizathu zilandelayo zokumiswa - inkonzo kunye umsebenzi unetyala emkhosini. Umthetho umisela ugcino - abantu kufuneka zitshintshelwe imeko emkhosini. Ukuba umthetho karate akangenanga, ngoko akayi kurhoxiswa ixesha. Nangona kunjalo, inkonzo yinkundla kwi izintlu omkhosi zinokuqwalaselwa isizathu esibambekayo, ngokunjalo, ixesha kubuyiswa.
3. elizayo (ekubuyiselweni) ezibekwe ngurhulumente.
4. Ukunqunyanyiswa umthetho olawula unxulumano ezithile yomthetho onxulumene impatho embi yemigaqo.

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ixesha lokunqunyanyiswa kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ezi zizathu ngasentla kwavela kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokugqibela, ngoko ukuba aba ngaphambili, abanako akufunekanga iyitsalele ezantsi enye negalelo ngayo kule kota.

ikhefu

Mazingabhidaniswa ixesha lekhefu ikhefu. Oku kuthetha ukuba lonke ixesha liphelile phambi kwakhe, njengoko kunjalo zeroed, uphelelwa ngamandla alo. Ukususela sekhefu, ixesha omtsha umda phantsi isivumelwano okanye ezinye iimeko ziya kuqalisa ukuba iqukuqele kwakhona. Ixesha elithile phambi kokuba ikhefu, Kakade ke, eli xesha elisandul 'ukusekwa ayiyi ayinakubalwa. Ngamanye amazwi, ixesha ngokungathi loo nto apho.

Ngokuba lixesha ubalo lekhefu zowiso kagqirha isiseko ezimbini kuphela usethe. Ezi iziseko ukuba ilungiswe okanye ezitolikwe ngokubanzi. Abakwazi kuxhaswa naziphi na iimeko. Ezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. ukuvuma ityala okanye umntu owenza ukuba ukuthatha nawaphi na amanyathelo ukuze ubonise oku.
2. Ukunikezelwa ibango kunomtsalane kwiinkundla.

ukuvuma ityala lungabonakaliswa xa kubhalwa ngqo yi unetyala, yaye izenzo ezenziwa ngabo. Umzekelo, ummangalelwa ukubhala ileta eya ekunene uya kubona isivumo wakhe, okanye ukuhlawula inxalenye ityala eziya kuqinisekisa ukuba uyavumelana neemfuno kulo. Kuzo zonke iimeko ezinjengezi, ithuba umda lomncedis ka ematyaleni ingeniso intsingiselo entsha.

Ukuze obuphantsi lommangali yesibini esebenzayo kufuneka zifayilishe isuti. Kulo mzekelo, ingxelo kufuneka anelise zonke iimfuno Code of Procedure Civil. Ukuba oku akunjalo, yaye eli gama ingaphazanyiswa.

Isithuba kokuthintelwa ngenxa ibango, okanye ngaphezulu ncam, ukubalwa kwexesha kwesithintelo, ukuba ibango eseleyo ngaphandle ingqalelo, ilawulwa imithetho Code Civil 204.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba avuse

I-Code Civil uchaza ukuba kwisifundo ezidlulileyo ezingummiselo iintsilelo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuqalisa, lowo wachacha. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeke sinokuzuza abantu zendalo kuphela, yaye ukuba unayo nayiphi na isizathu sokuba agqalwe ziinkundla ngendlela esebenzayo. isenzo Legal ezinye zezi zizathu zixeliweyo ngqo - ingaba sisifo, kunye nemeko ungenamandla, kunye nezinye iimeko. Kucacisiwe kuluhlu ikhowudi ye zizathu aliphelelanga, kwaye ngoko ke nokunakana sisizathu esivakalayo okanye akunjalo, kwakhona luxanduva lentendelezo. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, kunyanzelekile ukuba bahlolisise ngenyameko ubungqina umgwebele ixesha okungekho, uze wenze isigqibo layo ukwala, okanye ukwanelisa iimfuno. iintshukumisa zabo inkundla unyanzelekile ukuba achaze kweso sigqibo.

Ukuba xanduva esiqhutywa emva kokugqitywa

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba xa kuthe ukuba umntu unyanzelekile ukuzalisekisa ngokufanelekileyo imfanelo yayo otyalayo yayo emva kwethuba nciphiso liphelelwe lixesha, akakwazi kufuna umva. Ezidlulileyo umthetho iintsilelo alichaphazeli ngembopheleleko sonetyala kungafezekiswa kweemfanelo zalo. Umzekelo: Ukuba umntu wabuyela ityala lakhe otyalwayo kwi yimali eziinkozo kwiminyaka emihlanu (ukutsho oko, umthetho uthi iintsilelo sele kudlule), kamva wafumanisa ngale kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, akavumelekanga ukuba umboleki-ukubuyisela imali.

ngaphandle

Njengokuba ngezinto ezininzi, lo mthetho echazwa amatyala apho abanye ingqalelo lo gama elo. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho Code Civil, ixesha umda alibandakanyi:

• kumabango abemi ', atyale imali yabo kwi ibhanki ukuba bank;
• kumabango ngokhuseleko kunye nokufunyanwa non-impahla amalungelo kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezingekho izinto;
• abanikazi amabango ukuze kupheliswe zonke iintlobo zeentshukumo ezinyhasha amalungelo akhe;
• ngesicelo abantu ngaye umonakalo obangelwe kubomi okanye impilo, ukuba imbuyekezo loo monakalo.

Olu luhlu aluphelelanga kwaye lokugqibela. Eminye imithetho okanye imimiselo nokubonelela kwezinye iimeko. Ukongeza, ezinye isiseko lalikuluhlu olwangeniswa kusungulwa kunokwenzeka ngexesha umda zezinye imithetho, ngoko yonke episode ngalunye kufuneka zihlalutywe kuphela ngokwembono iKhowudi Civil, kodwa eminye imithetho. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amabango abemi 'ukuba imbuyekezo ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwe ebomini kunye nempilo, kodwa ziphelela ixesha umda. Kuba konke oko, ekuhlalutyeni iingxelo ezinjalo yinkundla elikhankanyiweyo kwisithuba seminyaka eli-3 ezandulela ukufakwa ibango apho umonakalo ukuze wachacha. Ngexesha ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, bendingayi kuba wanelisekile isenzo esinjalo.

Ngoko ke, nangona ixesha umda jikelele kweminyaka emithathu, kwimeko ethile nganye kufuneka iphande ngqo, ukuqinisekisa ngaphantsi kuwela ntoni ixesha.