Ukumiswa wokufaka ezivuzayo

Events, nelisebenza injongo kubulawe lokuthathwa yamanzi, nezaziwa nokolula okanye wokufaka ezivuzayo. Wenziwe umsebenzi onjalo ukuze kukhuselwe akhwifa ukusuka ekonakalisweni kunokwenzeka imichiza okanye bacteriological ukusuka kumphezulu. Wokufaka imingxuma Liguqulwe lithatyathwa "kwiplagi" French.

Eli gama libonisa ukuba, msebenzi, Impontshelwa ube isisombululo siyixhase iliwa uyila kwekhuselo kungenwa manzi. Backfill kwenziwa, nini na umthombo ngaphandle komyalelo, le nto inokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko zingundoqo zezi zilandelayo:

• Umthombo wakuzalisa nomgomo;
• engafunwanga okanye ishiywe;
• izizathu neznye;
• ngezizathu zobugcisa;
• yezizathu zokusingqongileyo okanye zobugcisa.

Inkcazelo wokufaka uhlobo

Ukuba ingqalelo eneenkcukacha yezizathu zejoloji, sinokuthi kulo mzekelo, ukutya namanzi siphele nje ukwenza indima yalo, nto leyo kakhulu kaninzi ngenxa yeenkqubo zejoloji. izizathu Technical - oku ityala xa inani amanzi ixesha elide akukho igcinwe.

Kungenjalo, inokufana kophulwa imigangatho lezobugcisa ngexesha kusombiwa. Omnye umsebenzi wenziwe nokusetyenziswa ngezinto zokwakha ezingafanelekanga, ixesha elide akazange ukwenza ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwenziwa. wokufaka yemithombo lwenziwa nkqu kwimeko apho inani yokubhalela ukusetyenziswa okwethutyana.

Izizathu lokuphelisa zokungenisa amanzi

Ukuba lowo kakuhle fit beendidi ezithe ezidweliswe ngasentla, kufuneka zisuswe, ngokuba kukho kungenzeka ukuba angenwa lulwelo ziya uyosuleleka, kwaye ke zinokusetyenziswa zezinye ziphazamiso. Emva kokufunda i "ongaphantsi uMthetho", ungafumana ukuba yintoni na umsebenzisi kufuneka aqinisekise ngokupheliswa imvelaphi kunye nokhuseleko asenokuncitshiswa namanzi.

Imithetho umsebenzi

Ekusebenziseni wokufaka iingcali kufuneka asebenzise imithetho yimali wokufaka amaqula, baye bacebisa imfuneko umsebenzi yoyilo. Kweli nqanaba kuyimfuneko ukufumana incwadana yokundwendwela, equlethe ulwazi malunga iintlobo isakhiwo yokhuselo, kunokuba isakhiwo okanye ngumnquba caisson. La maxwebhu ungafumana i parameters kunye neempawu ze- unit zokuphambukisa, kwakunye yokungabikho okanye ubukho iindlela komhlaba.

Okulandelayo ufuna ukwenza isifundo, ebizwa logging. Ngenxa yoko kuya kuba lula ukufumanisa ubunzulu wequla, ukuhlola imeko le istili, ingakumbi, iindonga. Konke oku kubizwa ngokuba uhlaziyo umthombo. Wokufaka of amaqula nokususa kufuneka sikhatshwe kwinkcazelo isizathu, emva koko babelwa ekupheliseni kudidi.

Kunye kujikelezo mthombo-unyawo ogrunjiweyo umhadi ububanzi kufuneka ube m-1. 30 cm ngaphezu emazantsi yokwemba kufuneka kunqunyulwa istili. izixhobo zokomba ekucoceni umthombo izinto zangaphandle kunye udoti.

Technology umsebenzi

Imithetho lomqhubi amaqula wokufaka zibandakanya ukuphunyezwa kweentsholongwane kwaye ngamanzi ukutya namanzi kunye nezisombululo ezikhethekileyo. Ikholam filter maze azigubungele igrabile okanye ndityumze litye lonke ubunzulu. Okulandelayo, sizilungisile wathela isamente. Ukuba amanzi umxhelo nobunzulu, ukuzaliswa kunye nokolula ukuze alternate.

Ukusetyenziswa zesamente wathulula umlomo ke ziqhutywa nokupheka stub. Lomqhubi wokufaka Imingxuma inikeza emphefumlweni backfill ilitye umqamelo. Kufuneka ube ngaphantsi komhlaba kwi-50 cm. Umaleko ephezulu bangaba ngumhlaba otyebileyo okanye eziphathekayo uwaphalazele, oko kuya kuxhomekeka ngenjongo yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo. Inqanaba lokugqibela iza kuba asenokuncitshiswa namanzi ukusuka kuphando kwirejista.

Xa ufuna ukubulawa kakuhle

Ngqi ngokunjalo emiseleni iqala ukuba zixoxe. Kuba kolu xinzelelo ubuso kufuneka kwandiswe ukuze inkqubela neziphawuli uxinzelelo ziye ngaphaya. Ukuba umthombo amanqaku 5 imitha umthombo technical ulwelo lwetshiphu emsebenzi-mninzi kufuneka ampontshwe kuwo. Ubunzima lilonke oku kufuneka wenze a xi eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neso iqatshelwe akhwifa.

Jamming uza kuphelisa ingozi kunye ukuphelisa neziphumo zayo, ukuphelisa ingozi ukuphinda. Emva kokugqitywa sokuphuculwa ulwelo Technical ngomtshini, olwenziwe ukugungxula, kuphela emva kokuba umthombo zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Maxa wambi ukubulala wenziwa ngokuqinileyo, kule meko kuya kuba nako ukusebenzisa ngakumbi.

wokufaka okunjalo imingxuma mayibandakanye ukusebenzisa iindlela kwemichiza okanye eziphilayo, kulo mzekelo akayi kuba alungele ukusetyenziswa umthombo. In kodwa kunye grout unokusetyenziswa izisombululo ezizezinye. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko yaye ngamaxesha azabi namandla, kwimeko apho nkqubo amanzi amanzi, kwaye caisson yambathisiwe. Kwimeko hlobo yayo oluqhutywa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini.

Ukushiywa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo

Imithetho lomqhubi wokufaka namaqula iinjongo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba iqula bomile, oko ungazalisa eludakeni okanye udongwe lokuphosa kubunzulu yonke. Engineering-zejoloji, nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi, Kartirovochno neeminerali, yaye amaqula zafike esele bakhonza injongo balo yaye neziphumo ezihle, lupheliswe xa utsala imibhobho.

Ukuba emva kokugqitywa enze loo entamo akwenzeki, kufuneka ugcwalise wellbore isanti ecocekileyo kunye nodongwe isabelo overlying kwebhola, ugalele udongwe okanye udaka lwesamente. Lomqhubi wokufaka yemithombo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kule meko ekujongwe ukuba ukwanelisa inkonzo sanitary-epidemiological.

Ngokutsho kwabo, ngokuxhomekeke wokufaka yemithombo kunye nemveliso ezikhoyo elide ngokwaneleyo. Baya khono, ukuba udaka okanye ithintelwe. Kulo mzekelo, ezinjengeentlambo ingaqhutywa ngamanzi okanye udaka nge isixhobo kusombiwa. Iqula ke ezaliswe ngamanzi ikhlorini, nto leyo iya kulingana kathathu umthamo endaweni yakhe.

Ukuba amanzi ngaphakathi akhwifa, kufuneka ibe Ugcwaliso Isanti ecocekileyo, umthamo apho kufuneka ilingane ivolyum wellbore ngaphakathi akhwifa. Inxalenye eliphezulu izaliswe isicombululo ngodongwe iphoswe nodongwe ubunjwe, a grout ingasetyenziswa njengoko izisombululo ezizezinye.

Ishiye imithombo nokususa

Wokufaka yemithombo nokususa kusenokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa nodongwe kunye nee-tampons. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa udongwe otyebileyo, apho kungekho ukungcola. Kuba apho kwakudalwa kunye stirrer, kwaye ukusuka engxondorheni ngenxa liqengqwa amaso, ubungakanani nganye kufuneka ibe kulingana ngenqindi.

Le amaso etshile, kuba ukuba kusala elangeni. ngoko ke ibekwe imveliso leeyunithi-15 ngexesha. Ngamanye amaxesha iibhola kuwa ngenxa bailer ngaphakathi, ekupheleni ekufuneka ivalve ngaphandle okuvula. Ukuba usebenzisa le ndlela, iibhola azikho pre-womile. Nganye nokuphakwa kakuhle ubunjwe, lo gama ngumbhobho uvuka. Ukuphakama ityhubhu kufuneka afikelele 1.5 m.

Indlela yesibini ukuphelisa umthombo nokususa

Wokufaka uhlobo amaqula nokususa enokwenziwa usebenzisa isisombululo eziphathekayo olungiswe iteknoloji okhethekileyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba indlela kuqala ungxamisekile. Noko ke, le ngxelo engalunganga. Ngapha koko, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka wokufaka okwethutyana. Kodwa ke, ukuba ngaba akukho elide kusetyenziswa equleni, ngoko engadliwanga siyenze eziphathekayo. Xa inani amanzi ixesha elithile kufuneka yahlulwe yangamacandelo, kufuneka usebenzise tampons, ebizwa packers. Zisetyenziswa ngexesha isifundo yamatye, eziya kwahluka yi ubukho okanye ukungabikho pores neentanda. Enkosi kubo, ungakwazi ukukhangela umgangatho ekuqiniseni engxondorheni.

isiphelo

Zokuyenza loo grouting kuya kufuneka izixhobo ethile, oko - a siphazamise otyhidiweyo, impompo kunye umbhobho kombiwa kuyo. Impompo kufuneka ukuba yokumpompa oluludaka lwesamente zikufuphi nemiboko kombiwa ukuba kwehliswe ukuya ezantsi.