Ukulinganiswa uxinzelelo lwegazi - amanyathelo algorithm. uxinzelelo lwemithambo

Ukuze ubone umsebenzi wentliziyo, inkqubo yokujikeleza nezintso kuyimfuneko ukuba umlinganiselo uxinzelelo lwegazi. Igama lokusebenza njengengcaciso kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane ukufumana amanani echanekileyo. Ukusuka yezonyango uyazi ukuba yesazisi ngexesha xi kuye kwanceda inani elikhulu lezigulane ube ukhubazekile kwaye sele zasindisa ubomi obuninzi.

History of the izixhobo

xi lalibalwa kuqala izilwanyana Hales ngo-1728 Ukuze wenze oku, wavelisa ityhubhu iglasi ngqo kwi kwemithambo wehashe. Emva koko Poiseuille sifakwe ityhubhu yeglasi kwisikali manometer mercury, yaye kamva Ludwig wasungula kymograph kunye esijingayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba kurekhodwe gqolo uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi kwezixhobo baxhotyiswa yokulinganisa ubunzima kunye neenkqubo ze-elektroniki. Ngqo iindlela yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokusebenzisa catheterization kweenqanawa esetyenziselwa iinjongo zophando kwiilebhu diagnostic.

Njani na uxinzelelo lwegazi?

zokurhwaqela ezinesingqi intliziyo ziquka izigaba ezibini: systole kunye diastole. Lokuqala Isigaba - systole - yindibanisela imisipha kwentliziyo, ngexesha apho intliziyo iimpompo igazi kulo aorta kunye pulmonary. Diastole - ixesha apho nemingxuma intliziyo ukwandisa sifunxe negazi. Babuya ngoko ke kufike systole kunye diastole kwixesha elizayo. Igazi iimpahla enkulu: i aorta kunye pulmonary eyipasile umendo lincinane - arterioles kunye emithanjeni, ekwandiseni onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu mpilo kunye nokuqokelela carbon dioxide. Kwathi emithanjeni zibe venules, ngoko - emithanjeni ezincinane kunye nempahla enkulu, yaye ekugqibeleni - ngemithambo ezifanelekileyo intliziyo.

Uxinzelelo kwi imithambo yegazi intliziyo

Xa ejection legazi xi emagumbini intliziyo 140-150 mm HG. Art. Le aorta liye lancitshiswa 130-140 mm HG. Art. Kwaye ke ezikude entliziyweni, inowuthi uxinzelelo kwi venules kuba 10-20 mm HG. Art, negazi ngemithambo ezinkulu -. Ngezantsi esesibhakabhakeni.

Xa igazi aqukuqela ephuma entliziyweni, yomtshangatshangiso ukubetha irekhodwa, ngokuthe ngcembe libunile njengoko baqhubele zonke iimpahla. ngesantya andise kuxhomekeke uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye okubuyela kwimo okanye luthambe yeendonga nemithambo.

Nge ubudala, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi. Abantu abaneminyaka eli-16 ukuya ku-50, oko 110-130 mm HG. Nqaku, yaye emva kweminyaka engama-60 -. 140 mm HG. Art. nangaphezulu.

Zokufuya yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi

Kukho iindlela ngqo (ezonakalisayo) kunye ngqo. Kule ndlela yokuqala, isitya kunye transducer catheter kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ulinganiswa. amanyathelo algorithm yolu phando kukuba usebenzisa ikhompyutha yenziwa esizisebenzelayo isiginali yokulawula inkqubo.

indlela ngqo

BP nokulinganisa ubuchule kunokuba ngokungathanga ngqo ngeendlela ezininzi: palpatory, auscultatory kunye ostsilometricheskim. Indlela yokuqala kubandakanya ucinezelo ngokuthe ngcembe yaye ukucuthwa imilenze kwi yegazi kunye nokuzimisela yomnwe ukubetha ucinezelo ngezantsi endaweni yayo. Rivva-Rocci kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19, wacebisa ukusetyenziswa cuff 4-5 cm kunye scale mercury manometer. Nangona kunjalo, a cuff emxinwa enjalo zabaxwa data okwenyaniso, kwacetyiswa ukuyandisa 12 cm ububanzi. Kwaye ngoku ixesha yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ndlela iquka ukusetyenziswa kwale cuff ethile.

Ingcinezelo kuwo Impontshelwa ukuya kwindawo apho ubume inqanyulelwe isivumelwano, waza emva koko kunciphisa kancinci. uxinzelelo iSystolic - lo mzuzu xa kukho pulsation, ukuzala - xa kwamaza okuncitshiswe, okanye olukhawulezisiweyo kakhulu.

Ngowe-1905, NS Korotkov ecetywayo ndlela yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngu auscultation. A isixhobo okufana umlinganiselo uxinzelelo igazi Korotkoff - tonometer. Siqulathe cuff, izinga mercury. Umoya kwi cuff leyo olunyuswe kunye blower, uze emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe khupha nomoya isivingco okhethekileyo.

Oku yindlela auscultatory standard umlinganiselo uxinzelelo lwegazi iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50, kodwa ke, ngokutsho zophando, oogqirha kunqabile athobele iingcebiso kunye aphazamiseke nobuchwepheshe blood pressure womlinganiselo.

Indlela oscillometric lisetyenziswa izixhobo automated kwaye poluavtomaticheskh in units labagula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ekusetyenzisweni kwezi zixhobo ayifuni inaliti ngokuqhubekayo umoya ngaphakathi cuff. ukurekhoda kwegazi kwenziwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo lokuncitshiswa umthamo emoyeni. Ukulinganiswa uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokwenzeka kwaye nokusilela auscultatory kalujaca Korotkoff izandi. Le ndlela lixhomekeke ngaphantsi okubuyela kwimo yazo emithanjeni kunye yamafutha yazo ukwanda. indlela Oscillometric uvunyelwe ukuba ukudala izixhobo ukuze ezincinane ezahlukeneyo kweqondo eliphezulu nengasezantsi. It ivumela ukuba enze inkqubo echanekileyo ngakumbi ngokunciphisa factor abantu

Regulations BP isikali

Inyathelo 1 - khetha nesixhobo esifanelekileyo.

Yintoni ekuya kufuneka ukuba:

yeSkrini 1. ezikumgangatho ophezulu

2. Ubungakanani cuff echanekileyo.

3. zobalo okanye aneroid sphygmomanometer automated - isixhobo kunye nokusebenza lwencwadi enoncedo ye ukutshaja.

Inyathelo 2 - Lungisa isigulana: qiniseka ukuba ekhululekile, mnike imizuzu emi-5 yokuphumla. Kangangesiqingatha seyure ukufumanisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba ukutshaya nokusela utywala kunye caffeine. Isigulana kufuneka bahlale tye, khupha i ingalo eliphezulu, endaweni iluncedo ukuba isigulana (angabekwa phezu kwetafile okanye enye inkxaso), iinyawo kufuneka ibe kumgangatho. Susa impahla abangaphezu kwemfuneko ukuba luphazamise umoya ezimpontshelwa kwi cuff okanye kwegazi liya ngesandla. Wena ke isigulane kufuneka ayeke ukuthetha ngexesha yokulinganisa. Ukuba isigulana indawo lisalele, kuyimfuneko ukuba ibe kwimeko ingalo eliphezulu kwinqanaba intliziyo.

Inyathelo 3 - khetha ubungakanani cuff echanekileyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwisixa kwezandla basoloko iimpazamo zenzeka ngenxa ukhetho ngokungafanelekanga ngaye. Beka cuff engalweni yesigulane.

Inyathelo 4 - Beka yeSkrini kwelinye icala enye, apho mna ndiyibekileyo cuff, waziva isandla sakhe phezu engqinibeni, ukufumana indawo izandi kakhulu idaleka bambeka yeSkrini phezu brachial kwemithambo kule ndawo.

Inyathelo 5 - yenyuse i cuff: Qala pump, ngoxa uphulaphule ubume. Xa amaza ukubetha iyanyamalala, aniweva umsindo ngalo yeSkrini. Ukuba ubume ayikho oluvakalayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba yenyuse ukuze inaliti yepresha phezu manani angentla-20 ukuya kuma-40 mm HG. v. kunokuba xi ezabelwe yona. Ukuba eli xabiso ayaziwa, yenyuse i cuff ku 160 - 180 mm HG. Art.

Inyathelo 6 - ngokucotha uyadakumba le cuff: deflation iqala. Cardiologists sincoma kancinane ukuvula ivalve ukuze uxinzelelo kwi cuff yehle ku-2 - 3 mm HG. Art. lesibini, okanye ngaphezulu ukwehla ngokukhawuleza ngamnye kungakhokelela ekubeni imilinganiselo ezingachanekanga.

Inyathelo 7 - Mamela iSystolic uxinzelelo lwegazi - isandi intliziyo yokuqala. Igazi iqalisa flow yegazi yesigulana.

Inyathelo 8 - ukumamela ubume. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa uxinzelelo cuff lifinyele, izandi shwaka. Nguwo lo ukuzala, okanye umfutho.

rates Hlola

Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka amanani. Ukuze wenze oku, linganisa uxinzelelo ngezandla zozibini ukuze avareji data. Ukujonga uxinzelelo kwakhona ukuba lichanile na, linda malunga nemizuzu emihlanu phakathi imilinganiselo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le uxinzelelo lwegazi iphezulu kusasa nolusezantsi ebusuku. Ngamanye amaxesha amanani uxinzelelo lwegazi azikho ethembekileyo ngenxa iinkxalabo yomguli ngabantu beneengubo ezimhlophe. Kwimeko enjalo, somlinganiselo yonke imihla uxinzelelo lwegazi. I algorithm amanyathelo apho - ukumisela uxinzelelo kwangolo suku lunye.

ukulinganiselwa

Okwangoku, indlela auscultatory kuso nasiphi na isibhedlele okanye ikliniki BP wemilinganiso ikhutshwa phandle. izenzo algorithm has nobubi:

• amanani asezantsi SBP kunye neenombolo DBP ngaphezu nezifumaneka kunye nenkqubo invasive;

• susceptibility kwingxolo kwelo gumbi, ingxolo ezahlukeneyo xa uqhuba;

• I-imfuneko yokulungisa indawo yeSkrini;

• listenability iithowuni emibi ngamandla elisezantsi;

• Impazamo kwi ukuzimisela - iiyunithi 7-10.

Eli uxinzelelo lwegazi womlinganiselo nqubo ezingafanelekanga esweni iinkqubo imini yonke. Ukubeka iliso imo lwezigulana kwiiyunithi labagula kakhulu bangakwazi yenyuse i cuff kunye nokudala ingxolo. Oku ichaphazele imeko jikelele kumguli kumenze inkxalabo. Uxinzelelo PTsifry ibe elala neli ivuke neliya. Xa isigulane zingqondweni kunye nomsebenzi komzimba nokwanda akunakwenzeka ukuba abeke isandla sakhe phezu kwinqanaba intliziyo. ukuphazamiseka uphawu olunzulu olunokudala nezenzo engalawulekiyo yomguli, ngoko ikhompyutha kuya kuba yimpazamo, eya ezikhawulezileyo umlinganiselo wegazi, ukubetha kwentliziyo.

Ngoko bezmanzhetnye iindlela ezisetyenziswa kwiiwadi labagula kakhulu, nto leyo, nangona obuphantsi ngokuchana, kodwa zithembekile ngakumbi, ngok elula iliso rhoqo yengcinezelo.

Indlela yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwizigulane ezin?

Ukulinganiswa wegazi abantwana ayahlukanga izixhobo ukuze babone abadala. cuff abadala kuphela ayifaneleki. Kulo mzekelo kwisingxobo, ububanzi ekufuneka zibe iikota ezintathu umgama ukusuka ngengqiniba ukuya fossa axillary. Okwangoku, kukho Ukukhetha enkulu izixhobo oluzenzekelayo and semi-oluzenzekelayo umlinganiselo uxinzelelo lwegazi ebantwaneni.

amanani uxinzelelo oqhelekileyo zixhomekeke yobudala. Ukubala uxinzelelo iSystolic zamanani kufuneka sifumane yobudala yomntwana kwiminyaka liphindaphindwe 2 banda 80 ukuzala ngu 1/2 - 2/3 amanani zangaphambili.

Kwezixhobo ze yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi

Iimitha AD obizwa tonometers. Kukho sphygmomanometers koomatshini eyidijithali. Mechanical na imetyhuri aneroid. Digital - oluzenzekelayo and semi-automatic. Isixhobo kakhulu ezichanekileyo ixesha elide i sphygmomanometer mercury okanye sphygmomanometer. Kodwa lwedijithali lula ngakumbi yaye kulula ukuba ukusebenza, ubavumele ukuba basebenzise ekhaya.