Ukuba umenywe abakwa ukuba anikezele? izizathu zomthetho ukuze ukulahlwa

Kuyenzeka ukuba ngokungalindelekanga ummi ufumana ileta, ucingo okanye ajenda ukuba uyanyanzeleka ukuba avele enkundleni abe ngumgwebi engumshumayeli. Abanye bona njengento umsebenzi oluntu kwaye kwelase azalisekise imisebenzi yawo. Abanye, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo abafuni okanye abakwazi inxaxheba kulingo.

Ngubani na?

Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqale ukufumana ukuba ngubani na inkundla ejaji? Eli gama libhekisela kubagwebi (kodwa hayi professional) ezifakwe apha izintlu jurors nokubandakanya inkundla kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho ngokuhambelana nomthetho.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kuphela inxaxheba Ishishini kuqwalaselwa yijaji lolwaphulo-mthetho, yaye kuphela ezo zolwaphulo zihlelwa njengenkulu okanye embi kakhulu. Ejaji efanayo kakhulu banokuthi banyulwe kuphela ngenyathelo umtyholwa.

Kuphando amatyala olwaphulo ziijaji professional ingasombululwa imiba ezifuna ulwazi kwezomthetho kunye nezakhono. abagwebi Lay (ukhetho labagwebi kwenzeka ngokungenamkhethe phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo) isigwebo unetyala okanye ukungabikho ummangalelwa tyala kulo Mthetho. Kulo mzekelo, izigqibo ngelithi bathabatha ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo zesimo into eyenzekayo, nokuba kukweyiphi na indawo iimbono abagwebi abafanelekayo.

Iqela labagwebi ummangalelwa yokugqibela ayinako ukuma. Oko kukuthi, ukuba abakwazi ukubona isivakalisi, isiqinisekiso lo mthetho kunye namanye amathuba ezibalulekileyo ngokusemthethweni. Ezi amagunya babelwa kuphela isakhiwo ofanelekayo yenkundla.

A incinane

Imbali lweemvavanyo yijaji eRashiya olungcambu zalo kude kudala 1767. Yaba sisigqibo ukuseka inkundla uthe wabanjwa kulo nyaka. Ekugqibeleni, umbutho kule ziko yamkelwa kuphela ngo-1864. Kwiinkalo ezininzi oku wanyuselwa ngelo xesha ilandelelwe nohlaziyo egwebayo.

Xa amandla kweli lizwe beza iiBolsheviks, ngelithi ke kwangoko zipheliswe. Kwaye khona yaphela ngo-1917. Yaye kuphela emva kokuba inani elikhulu eminyaka, i-Institute uye waphila iphuculwe. Kungoko ndafumanisa ukuba ngelithi uza wakhiwe jurors ezilishumi elinambini (kunye lingavimbi ezimbini Kwimeko yokugula okanye enye imeko esingenakubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba inzondo ngelithi ngesakhiwo esisiseko).

Ukukhethwa jurors

Fumana i-ajenda ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kulingo nje juror angase bonke. Abafaki-ngokungenamkhethe ukusuka kuluhlu ayilungiselele kusengaphambili. Ezi zintlu eziqala kanye qho emva kweminyaka emine. Bona benza ekwenzeni abasemagunyeni olawulo asekuhlaleni. Kukho kusoloko kukho uluhlu inamacandelo amabini: a jikelele kunye backup (xa ukungakwazi inxaxheba abemi kuluhlu main).

USihlalo we igunya elifanelekileyo yenkundla zommandla iya kuthi qho ngonyaka kwazisa ulawulo malunga nendlela jurors ezininzi inokuba iyimfuneko ukuze isikolo sisebenze kakuhle kunye nolawulo lobulungisa. Ngokwesiseko ulwazi olunikiweyo abasemagunyeni olawulo achole inani elifunekayo labaviwa.

Iimfuno abaviwa

Ngokuhambelana kunye nenani Federal uMthetho 113 ka-20 Agasti 2004 "On Jurors iinkundla yase wolawulo ngokubanzi Russian Federation:" umviwa kwesi sikhundla iya kuba abemi Russian Federation:

• Unaphakade uhlala kweli lizwe.
• kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala.
• Ezingabhaliswanga ichiza kunye neekliniki zengqondo.
• Isebenze le ngokupheleleyo.
• Ubengekho ngexesha ekwenzeni uluhlu abarhanelwa kunye abamangalelwa.

imisebenzi

Abantu abathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo inkundla kwimeko lolwaphulo, uya kuba amagunya kunye nemisebenzi zilandelayo:

• Uphononongo zonke iimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, uphando ubungqina ngokwasemzimbeni (kuquka zokuphulaphula izixhobo eziviwayo kunye zevidiyo, izinto uhlolo kunye nezixhobo zolwaphulo-mthetho).
• Ubukho ngexesha uphando, imfuno leyo ezinokuvela ngethuba kwetyala.
• Ukubhengezwa yemiba kwi yemfaneleko ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho (ngokusebenzisa kwiGosa eloNgameleyo).
• Ukugcina iingxelo kufuneka kamva ukuze benze isigqibo kwigumbi umhlala.
• Isicelo ukucaciselwa komthetho ngoku, ukuba kunikelwa amaxwebhu enkundla (kwakhona ngqo, kodwa igosa elongameleyo).

amandla

Umsebenzi ophambili (amagunya ezinkulu) yijaji kukuseka ityala okanye zimsulwa umntu incriminated kwi ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Isisombululo (ngolwimi zomthetho - isivakalisi) inyanzele nxaxheba uthe kwetyala kwigumbi yenkomfa, ekupheleni izixhobo zokufunda ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, uphando bonke ubungqina, ezindlebeni amaxhoba, amangqina ukuziphendulela kunye notshutshiso, le abavikeli ummangalelwa, kwakunye izimvo umtshutshisi woluntu.

Kubalulekile ukwazi okokuba iinkundla yijaji zomthetho ongenalungelo ukuba wenze isigqibo malunga uhlobo kunye nemali zokohlwaya. Banoxanduva kuphela umbuzo ummangalelwa unetyala na okanye hayi.

imibuzo jikelele ngelithi eziqulunqwayo ukuze akwazi ukunika linenani impendulo entle okanye embi. Ngexesha nesilingo baphendule le mibuzo ilandelayo:

1. Ngaba ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwalo?
2. nokuba ummangalelwa wenza oko?
3. Nokuba unetyala?

namandla akhethekileyo

Kwakutheni ukuze abaninzi abamangalelwa isindululo sokuba ingqalelo amatyala olwaphulo yi labagwebi? Isigwebo sokugqibela, njengoko inkoliso yabo; kulo mzekelo, iya kuba kukuqala, ekubeni ngelithi unikwe igunya zokubonisa.

Ngokutsho komthetho inkqubo yolwaphulo ummangalelwa unelungelo zokubonisa ngenxa yobukho kweemeko ukunciphisa. Isigqibo ukwamkela nokuzifica Ijaji ingqalelo ngokoluvo labagwebi.

Ekubeni amaqela kwetyala azikho abagwebi yobungcali, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi abanalo ulwazi kwezomthetho, isigqibo malunga ngokuthantamisa amaninzi kwenziwa kuzo ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo ayinyani kunye nobudlelwane ummangalelwa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, inkoliso abamangalelwa axhomekeke abantu ezi non-iingcali kwaye banethemba isigwebo.

Yintoni na ukuyenza?

Jurors - i nxaxheba ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo kwiingxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Kulo mba, bona baphantsi Inani lezithintelo engqongqo, ebandakanya nezithintelo:

• ukuba ushiye enkantolo ngexesha zetyala;
• ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga yemfaneleko ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle enkundleni;
• phezu amazwi izimvo kwi kwimeko ngaphandle egumbini cingisisi i (okt juror alinalungelo ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo malunga izibakala kwimeko ngexesha lokuthethwa kwetyala);
• phezu ephula Ukufihla intlanganiso nevoti (oko kukuthi, ngelithi kufuneka angaxeli naluphi na ulwazi malunga ngubani nendlela yabagwebi bavotela bani yaye yintoni mbono kwimeko).

holo

Ngoko ke, apho ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo naziphi jurors imali? Umvuzo ziya kukhutshwa ekwenzeni imisebenzi ngumvavanyi okanye hayi? Impendulo kule mibuzo elula kwaye kulawulwa ngumthetho.

Kuba besenza imisebenzi yabo ihlawulwe jurors. Umvuzo ihlawulwa kwi ngeendleko mali lwengingqi. Yimbi yale mbuyekezo ebalwa ngumgwebi isiqingatha lomvuzo. Kulo mzekelo, akufunekanga ibe ngaphantsi kwe umvuzo ngummi kwindawo umsebenzi wakhe osemthethweni (ngokomlinganiselo ixesha elichithwa zetyala) imbuyekezo.

Ukongeza, ngelithi labuyisela iindleko zokuhamba ezinxulumene nesimangalo, kwakunye neendleko zokuhamba nokubuya (ngokuhambelana nomthetho olawula amalungiselelo ezifanayo abagwebi).

Lo mthetho umisela ukuba ngeli xesha lokuba ngummi kwiinkqubo nje juror kowona msebenzi akakwazi umlilo (xa isindululo entloko) okanye ukudluliselwa ubume obuphantsi ihlawulwe okanye ngaphantsi. Ngexesha ejaji zigcinwa ngokupheleleyo onke amalungelo kunye ziziqinisekiso endaweni yayo eyintloko ishishini.

kulonda

Ekubeni ejaji uve amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene kwiindidi kakhulu enzulu kakhulu, bona kunye neentsapho zabo ukubonelela ingcinezelo yokuziphatha okanye ngokwasemzimbeni.

Njengoko i-nxaxheba ngokuzeleyo-epheleleyo phakathi kwetyala, abagwebi kuwa phantsi ukhuseleko karhulumente. Ba inviolable, kwaye amapolisa banyanzelekile ukuba akhusele ubomi nempilo ngelithi, amalungu entsapho yakhe kunye nokulondolozwa assets zayo.

Xa isicelo abantu bathi kuxinzelelo okanye izoyikiso enxulumene ingqalelo ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, abasemagunyeni ngoko nangoko ukuthatha juror phantsi ukhuseleko lakhe ngexesha lokuthethwa kwetyala.

kwinqanaba lwemithetho kwakhona Akuvunyelwe ukuba bangenele kwimisebenzi jurors kulawulo lobulungisa ngazo.

Ejaji ngethuba nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yayo, ukusebenzisa imigaqo-siseko esebenza ngayo abagwebi. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukuba ngaba isiqinisekiso ingqibelelo nokuzimela.

Ndingakwazi ukuphuma?

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba enze umsebenzi ungasentla msebenzi ukuba ngummi, umthetho phezu jurors ubonelela ukuba kungenzeka ukusilela.

Emva kokuba umntu ufumene isaziso iisamani, umele zingadlulanga iintsuku ezilishumi elinesine ukwenza ingxelo ebhaliweyo kamongameli enkundleni. Ingxelo kufuneka icacise izizathu ezithile apho umntu akanako ukuthatha inxaxheba ebunzimeni.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ngummi kodwa bakhetha jurors. I ukubhalisa njani? Kukho inani iimeko ezisisigxina apho unako uphephe nxi efanayo.

Ukwala ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kulingo yijaji nga kwamkelwa kule miqathango ilandelayo zomthetho:

1. A ummi unwithdrawn okanye ebalaseleyo lezomthetho.
2. Umntu kuchophela wathi engathethekiyo.
3. Ummi idweliswe kwi-akhawunti in narcological okanye ngengqondo esibhedlele (iklinikhi).
4. Akazi ulwimi apho kwetyala kwenziwa.
5. Iminyaka - engama-65 nangaphezulu.
6. Ubukho sifo okanye sesinye isigulo (kufunekayo elixwebhu) engakuvumeliyo inxaxheba kule nkqubo.
7. Citizen wayesebenza ngumgwebi, umtshutshisi, umphandi, izivumelwano, amagqwetha, inkonzo bailiffs, imizimba amasiko, inkqubo isohlwayo setyala, kwakunye umntu osebenzisa umsebenzi zokucupha zabucala.
8. Umntu ulilungu okanye umfundisi.

Kuzo zonke iimeko ngasentla, uMthetho ivumela jurors ukwala ukwenza uxanduva ezahlukahlukeneyo labagwebi.

Ukongeza, usihlalo wenkundla okanye ijaji osesihlalweni aphathise imisebenzi yakhe jurors kwiingxelo zazo ngomlomo okanye ezibhaliweyo ezilandelayo abemi:

• abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka emashumi mathandathu ubudala;
• abafazi kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu.

Ukhethe inkonzo labagwebi? Indlela urhoxisele (ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu), usenakho?

• Ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo.
• Ukuba kulunyulwa ubuso imisebenzi yayo umsebenzi core kunokubangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo umdla zikarhulumente (oogqirha, nabaqhubi moya, njalo njalo).

Andifuni, ngeke

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa bakhetha jurors? Indlela ukuphuma Ukuba ngaba ayikho i isizathu?

Practice ibonisa ukuba inkundla kwanele thaca incwadi kagqirha basingqinela ukuya nakwenzeka ebonakalayo inxaxheba kwiingxoxo (ukufumana ngokulula uncedo olunjalo kuwo nawuphi na ugqirha wengingqi, ebiza ezinye iimpawu, intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu intliziyo, oluthile jikelele). Enkundleni, ukuchaneka reference itshekhi ekhankanyiweyo iya kuba nzima (yaye akakho umntu oya kuyenza loo nto).

Unako kwakhona ujonge ukuba iinkolelo zawo zonqulo imbono ihlabathi, apho ummi asikwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba isigqibo bayahlelwa lomnye umntu.

Kubalulekile ukuba ngummi uba juror kuphela emva kokuba ekuziseni isifungo ezifanelekileyo yinkundla yamatyala. Ukususela ngelo xesha wayebambe eposini ngokusesikweni kwaye kwimeko ukusilela kuvela isilingo kuxhomekeka isohlwayo solawulo yesohlwayo, imali leyo amaxesha 25 wemivuzo.

Noko ke, de kube lelo xesha lo mntu ayikho wathi isifungo elikhankanyiweyo, oko nje umviwa seso sithuba. Umviwa kuba umthetho asiwenzi ukunika naliphi na ityala.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ngummi kodwa esinyuliweyo jurors, ukwala - umbuzo ilula kwaye isisombululo njengoko kwinqanaba mthetho kunye practice.

ngenxa

Trial ngu ejaji - luhlobo abayinqobo lokulingwa, apho kwi isigqibo ityala eli lommangalelwa akuzi kuphela abagwebi abafanelekayo, kodwa abemi abaqhelekileyo.

Iziko uthe wavelisa zonke imigaqo yenkululeko, njengoko apho abemi zesiqhelo lizwe banelungelo ngokusesikweni ngokusemthethweni ukuba baveze izimvo zabo yemfaneleko ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ngaphandle kokuba ube juror - umsebenzi yoluntu njengommi, yena unelungelo lokwala ukwenza imisebenzi eziwabelweyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba une ekhethiweyo juror njengoko ukunika, wena uyazi.

Yenza isangqa izizathu apho umntu mhlolokazi le ngumvavanyi, ngumthetho yaye ebanzi kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuba ngummi akazange eze isifungo engqinelanayo kwaye umgqatswa kuphela kwesi sikhundla, akukho xanduva ngokusilela ukuba avele enkundleni, akayi kuthwala.

Kuba abathile, ngokungqinelana nezibophelelo angasentla iya kuba umdla ebekekileyo injongo, nayo leyo ezisa imali umvuzo entle. Ngoko ke, wonke ummi unelungelo lokuba isigqibo umbuzo enoba kufuneka lenze imisebenzi eyabelwe ngurhulumente, okanye ukwala ukubulawa kwabo.