UJohn Campbell, umlobi wezeMzululwazi wezesayensi: i-biography, ubugcisa

UJohn Campbell ungumlobi odumile waseMelika wama-30s. Imisebenzi kaJohn isaphumelela, nangona ukuba kwiincwadi wayichaza iminyaka ehluke ngokupheleleyo kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Biography yomlobi

Uzalwe nguJohn Wood Campbell NgoJuni 8, 1910 edolophini encinane e-New Jersey.

Wafumana imfundo yakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts. Kwimfundo enye, uJohn Campbell akazange ayeke aze aqhube izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke. Ukubhala uJohn Wood waqala njengomfundi, ngoko ngexesha afumana i-bachelor degree in physics, wayesele eyaziwa ngokuba ngumlobi wenzululwazi.

Malunga nobuchule

UJohn waba ngomnye wabalobi bokuqala ababengabalobi bemisebenzi emangalisayo. Ubuchule bukaCampbell buhluke ngokuba baqulethe kuphela izinto ezinomxholo omangalisayo, kodwa kunye neentlobo ezixhalabisayo. Ukuphononongwa kweencwadi ngoJohn Campbell kulungile, kwanamhlanje kukho abafundi abaninzi abavuyiswayo yombhali. Kwiincwadi zombhali akanakho ukuhlangabezana nokufunwa kwezinto zobugcisa zanamuhla, njengoko umbhali wayechaze ngokucacileyo i-30 yekhulu lokugqibela.

Kubalulekile kukuba incwadi yomlobi waseMerika ixesha elide kwakungenakho ukuguqulelwa kwisiNgesi. Kufuphi kuphela kwiminyaka eyi-50 yale ncwadi yaqala ukuguqulela.

Ukuthetha ngoJohn Wood, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu abaninzi baba yinto edidiyelwe yohlobo oluthusayo. Nangona ukuba imisebenzi kaCampbell yahlula ibe yiplani yesibini yombhalo kwiminyaka ye-1950 (amaninzi amanqaku enzululwazi ashicilelwe, asebenza apho ayebhalwe ngaphezu kobunzululwazi), amabali akhe kunye neenveli ziyaziwa namhlanje.

Isihlangu

Uninzi olusebenza nguJohn Campbell lenze iifilimu ezintle, nangona zingenakuchukumisa iimvakalelo ezivela ekufundeni.

Enye yezinto ezidumileyo eziziwayo yifilimu ethi "Into", ikhishwe kwiikrini ngo-1951. Umlawuli, owokuqala owayenomdla wokuthatha lo msebenzi, waba ngumKristu uNaiby. Ifilimu yafumana inani elikhulu lamabhaso kunye namabhaso.

Umsebenzi owabumba isiseko sefilimu, wabizwa ngokuthi "Ngubani oya?". Ayikho enye ifilimu yokulungiswa komsebenzi walo msebenzi. Ukuba, ngokokuqala ngqa kwiinjongo zebali, ifilimu yenziwe, eyakhishwa ngo-1951, elandelayo yayingumfanekiso we-1982. Kwimeko yesibini ukulungelelaniswa kwalo msebenzi, umdlali owaziwayo, njengoKurt Russell, eneenkwenkwezi. Ukufunda iimvavanyo kwifilimu yesibili, unokufumana iinkcazo malunga nokuba ifilimu icutshulwa ngokucacileyo kwaye ishiya imbonakalo efanayo nayo yonke i-movie edumileyo "U-Alien". UJohn Carpenter wayengumlawuli wesibini ukubonisa le misebenzi.

Okwesithathu umsebenzi wawufakwe ngo-2001 ngumlawuli weMattis van Heyigen omncinane. Enye yeendima eziphambili zadlaliswa ngumdlali we-actress uMary Winstead, nangona kunjalo kwiimeko ezidlulileyo zangaphambili zidlalwa kuphela ngabadlali besilisa. Ukufowunelwa kwenzeka kwiBrithani Columbia, kuba kukho apho i-landscape ifana nekhephu kunye nobume be-icectic yase-Antarctic. Ifilimu entsha, eyayiyilungiselwano sokutshintshwa kwefilimu ka-1982, yafumana amanqaku aphakamileyo kwaye yayithanda abaphulaphuli.

Awards

Ngowe-1968, uJohn Wood wanikezela "i-Skylark" ngokuchitha imali eninzi yokwenza ukuba udidi lwezandla zengqungquthela lube luncedo kakhulu.

Ngowe-1971, ibali elithi "Twilight" kunye nebali elithi "Ngubani ozayo?" Yaba yimbali ezimbini ezibalaseleyo phakathi kwemisebenzi emincinci engama-40s. Umlobi wabuyisa kuqala indawo yokuqala. Ophumeleleyo wayezimisele ngabafundi.

Ngowe-1996, umbhali wayefakwe kwizintlu zabalobi abangamalungu eSowe-Fiction Hall of Fame. Olu dumiso lunikezelwa kuJohn Vood sele selusemva.

Ngaloo nyaka, umbhali wangena emva kokufumana ibhaso lomhleli ongcono, osebenze ngo-1945.

Ngo-2001, uJohn wathabatha ibhaso lokugqibela lomhleli owawusebenza ngo-1950, kwaye ngo-2004 - umhleli ongcono osebenza ngo-1967.

Imemori yombhali

Ekukhunjweni kokudala kunye negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwezesayensi zobuxoki, iibhaso zenziwe. Kwakukho kuphela amabini kubo: owokuqala wayebizwa ngokuba ngu "John Campbell Memorial Prize" Okwesibini - "I-award ye-John Campbell", enikezelwa kubalobi abatsha abakhulu, ukubhala ngohlobo lweengcamango.

Ibali "Ngubani oya?"

UJohn Campbell "Ngubani Oza Kuza?" Yaba yinye yeendaba ezidumileyo zomsebenzi walo mbhali. Ibali lapapashwa ngowe-1938, kwaye kwangoko lafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabafundi. Nangona kunjalo kwinqanaba lomsebenzi akukho ubuchwephesha obutsha, kwaye nanamhlanje lifundwa, liphendule ibali ngokuzonwabisa.

Umsebenzi ubhaliwe kwizinto ezintle kunye neentloni. Ibali libizwa ngokuba yi-classical literics of horror. Iziganeko ezenzeka kule ncwadi zenza i-atmosphere eerie, kwaye ukuziphatha kwabalinganiswa kuphindwe kabini xa kufundwa. Nangona kunjalo, le ncwadi ihlala ikhunjulwa njengento emangalisayo, inokubangela ukubonakala okungafaniyo.

Kwangexesha elide kwakungenakho ukuguqulelwa ukusuka kwisiNgesi kulo msebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje ungayifumana inguqulo yesiRussia. Kufutshane, okwenza umsebenzi ube mncinci kunokuba ukhona ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuba yithintelo kubafundi abaphuhlisayo kwintsimi yabo yamava.

Iziqulatho zomsebenzi

Phakathi kweso siqhinga liqela lephando elenza uhambo oluya e-Antarctica. Uphando olunexesha elide, elinye lamalungu eqela lifumana ngephina into engavamile kwaye engaqondakaliyo emgangathweni. Ukuqokelela amanye amalungu eqela, ubonisa ukufumana, kwaye oogxa bakhe bagqiba ekubeni le nto iphilayo. Yiyo kanye le nto ekudalweni - ihlala iyimfihlelo yecandelo lophando lonke.

Iqela lezenzululwazi-abaphandi bafika kwisigqibo: kufuneka unfreeze isidalwa kwaye ufunde ngokucophelela. Nangona kunjalo, yonke into ithatha ukujika okuhluke ngokupheleleyo - isidalwa sifike ebomini kwaye siqala ingxabano engaqondakaliyo. Ukuzama ukubulala isidalwa esiphilileyo, abantu bayaqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza oku - esi sidalwa singathatha ukubonakala kwezinto ezihlukeneyo eziphila emhlabeni. Kuthatha uhlobo lomntu, ukubonakala kwenja, ikati kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukumelana nokuphila kwabo, ngaba iqela lophando lingahlala kwi-Antarctic okanye ngaba esi sidalwa siyawina?