Uhlalutyo yoncwadi ode "Felitsa". Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin ode "Felitsa"

History of the ode "Felitsa" 'umdla ngenxa yokuba Gabriel Derzhavin kwi nomnqweno wokukholisa uKumkanikazi ukuba esekelwe umsebenzi wakhe umsebenzi wayo, eyapapashwa nje phambi kwegazi encinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ibali imbongi eqaqambileyo abanetalente baqalisa ukudlala imibala isityebi ngakumbi, ukongeza koku, ngokwenza imbali imibongo Russian uhlobo olutsha kunye celebrity yimbongi.

analysis bacule

"Felitsa" ifakwe isihlokwana leyo icacisa injongo ndibhala esi sincoko. Ithi isimemo ukuya uLord Lobulumko Princess Tatar azinza e Moscow, kodwa phezu ishishini eSt Petersburg. Kwakhona chichtatelya ziyamangalisa into yokuba ode zokuthi yaguqulelwa kwi Arabic. Uhlalutyo ode "Felitsa 'ukuba uqale igama lithe lalila lomthonyama Russian okanye Arabhu.

Le nto yokuba wabelithiyiwe Heroine yayo, uCatherine II tale yakhe yenkulu chlorine. Kusebenza njengesiseko ulwimi Italian (apha sinako ukukhumbula umntu ofana Cutugno, bekhwaza "Felicita") libonakala igama Latin "Felitsa" (Felitsa - felicitas) njenge ulonwabo. Ngaloo ndlela Derzhavin waqala ukudumisa uKumkanikazi ukusuka kumgca wokuqala, hayi ngoko akwazi ukumelana kwaye kwi eKhwencayo kwi neenkcazelo kwindawo yayo.

yokuqaphela bokubeka

Uhlalutyo ode "Felitsa" ubonisa ufakelo esiqhelekileyo, esamkelwa ngexesha lo ode esinyanisekileyo yendumiso ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ibhalwe yemveli strofikoy ode - desyatistishiyami, yaye, njengoko kulindelekile, tetrameter iambic. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba Derzhavin akukho mntu kodwa nobuganga ukuzimanyanisa malunga ezimbini ukujoliswa kwe uhlobo - i ode onobungangamsha yendumiso kwaye ihlaba uvuthondaba kwezopolitiko.

Eyokuqala yaba ode ku "Felitsa". Derzhavin like "uqhela" ngokuvelisa izinto ezintsha yayo, ngokutsho inzaliseko ngqo iimeko uhlobo, ubuncinane xa kuthelekiswa ne "Imihobe ngokuzalwa", nto leyo nokuba strofikoy ngokwahlukana. Noko ke, le uluvo liyalahleka ngokukhawuleza umfundi uleyisayo izitanza zokuqala ezimbalwa. Kanti nokuba kuqamba ode "Felitsa" kuba banzi kakhulu njini art order.

Tale "Felitsa"

Kunika umdla ukuqwalasela ukuba iinjongo afunwe Derzhavin ukuba ibhale oku "fiction fan", apho waba mgaqo uphambili kwaye ufanele ukuba oku ukuqhubeka yomxholo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ofanelekileyo; kakhulu. UCatherine II wabhalela tale wakhe umzukulwana wakhe, kodwa malenky, kodwa kwixesha elizayo omkhulu Alexander I. Kule tale of uKumkanikazi sithetha malunga prince of Kiev chlorine, leyo batyelela Kyrgyz Khan, ukukhangela ukuba ngaba umphathi ngokwenene kangaka smart kunye clever, njengoko ngaye.

Inkwenkwe bavuma ukuba athathe uvavanyo wayifumana intyatyambo ezinqabileyo - a rose ngaphandle enameva - kwaye betha endleleni. Endleleni, ngemisebenzi ukuba isimemo Murzas Lentyaga (igama besithi), nesikhulu uzama ukuba sixhathise izilingo ye obutofotofo kunye nokuchulumacha, leyo eyenga Lentyag. Ngethamsanqa, oko Kirghiz khan intombi entle kakhulu, ugama Felicia, kunye nomzukulwana wakhe olungileyo ngakumbi, owayebizwa ngokuba Isizathu. Felitsa wathumela unyana wakhe kwisikhulu, leyo wakhululwa ngoncedo Isizathu ukuya injongo uhambo lwakhe.

Ibhulorho phakathi sentsomi kunye ode

Yaba intaba ngaphandle imizila nezinyuko phambi kwazo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, umthetheli kunye ngokwaso kakhulu lukhuni, ngenxa yokuba, nakuba isixa kakhulu umsebenzi kunye novavanyo, encotsheni, yena yakhwela, apho ihonjiswe ubomi bakhe, bube rose ngaphandle enameva, oko kukuthi abe nesidima. Uhlalutyo ode "Felitsa" ibonisa ukuba, njengokuba nayiphi sentsomi, izithombe ngokuqhelekileyo yimizekeliso, kodwa Derzhavin kwi bacule yokuqala baze nzima kakhulu kunye noyilo zonke iintshayelelo odic Classic, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo enyukayo Parnassus uze uxoxe uthi, kuphelelwa elandelayo nemifanekiso ezibonakala nabalulamileyo kweentsomi ndawonye abantwana.

Nditsho lo mfanekiso ka-Catherine (Felitsa) kunikwa ngendlela entsha, nto leyo efana kakhulu ukuba odopis indumiso bemveli. Ngokuqhelekileyo bacule ubhalo obekekileyo libonakala ezichazayo imifanekiso embalwa yesithixokazi, umngcelele lokuphumula lihambele zesingqisho ivesi efane kakhulu umoya rhythm. Apha imbongi ngolangazelelo, yaye - okubaluleke - izixhobo kunye nobuchule enkondlo. Imibongo Akukho ukujingxela kwaye zivuthelana bokubanga ngokugqithiseleyo. Isicwangciso ode "Felitsa" kukuba UCatherine ubonakala umfundi njengento ezikrelekrele kodwa ezilula kunye nokusebenza Kirghiz kaysatskaya inkosazana. Idlala ngokuvisisana zolwakhiwo umfanekiso umahluko - umfanekiso lakomkhulu, ekrakra namavila ngaphezu Derzhavin ulonwabele lonke ode. Ngenxa yoko iintlobo nanto ngeentlobo, nto leyo yahluke ode "Felitsa".

Derzhavin and uKumkanikazi

Buza imvumi iyatshintsha ngokunxulumene kumxholo ekhwaza esithi, xa siqwalasela kungekuphela zonke iincwadi odlulileyo Russian kunye kwisihobe Derzhavin. Ngamanye amaxesha ode ngaphezulu slips uthixo-ezifana ukumkanikazi, kodwa konke oku, yaye kunye ukuhlonela iyonke kubonisa ode "Felitsa" umxholo ubonisa ubuhlobo ethile kunye nobudlelwane, kungekhona nabaqheleneyo, kodwa ubushushu phantse nomini.

Kodwa kule migca satirical Derzhavin amaxesha ziqondwe ezimbini. Collective iimpawu olinene bamhleka umfanekiso zonke emgceni iingangamsha Catherine, Yaye ke apha ukuba imbongi akawalibalanga ngokwakhe. Avtoironiya - nokuba Enyanisweni ezinqabileyo kwi kwisihobe ngaloo minyaka. Copyright "Mna" le olungenayo yesihobe, kodwa wenza kwacaca ukuba "Oku, Felicia, mna olungcolileyo," "Namhlanje koyisa wena, kodwa mna ndikhonza ayilawulwa ngomso." Ukuvela kwi ode of "Mna" yombhali - iqiniso yexabiso elikhulu wengcibi yokuluka. Kwakhona Lomonosov saqala ode kwi "Mna", kodwa njengesicaka onyanisekileyo, kwaye Derzhavin umbhali - into ebambekayo kunye ophilayo.

Ukulandisa umbhali

Kakade ke, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze bacule "Felitsa 'ngokupheleleyo yaye nje kukodwa ubuntu yombhali. Derzhavin badla uzithoba phantsi "Mna" umfanekiso yombhali yoxhomekeko imvumi, ngubani na ngokuqhelekileyo usoloko ekhona kule bacule kwakunye satires. Kodwa kukho umahluko: kwi ode imbongi wayidlala angathanda kuphela ezingcwele, kunye uvuthondaba kuphela ingqumbo. "Odnostrunnye" Derzhavin neentlobo odityanisiweyo ekudalweni ophilayo womntu-imbongi, ubomi ngokupheleleyo eziphathekayo, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo iimvakalelo kunye iimvakalelo, kunye "polychord" umculo le vesi.

Uhlalutyo ode "Felitsa" ngokuqinisekileyo isibabula isiqu ayakunanza kuphela, kodwa umsindo, ukunyelisa nendumiso kwibhotile mnye. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lokuba dissemble, bamsinekela. Okt liziphatha kulo msebenzi eqhelekileyo kunye umntu ophilayo. Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umntu ngamnye uneempawu engenakuphikiswa nobuzwe. Kule ode! Kwaye ngoku Kwimeko enjalo uya kuba nanto, ukuba umntu namhlanje ukuba babhale imibongo odic.

malunga neentlobo

Ode "Felitsa", umxholo apho esisityebi kangaka eziphikisanayo, ezifana kwelanga efudumeleyo wotha yi intetho ukukhanya kwincoko koqobo ngemihla, ukukhanya, ezilula, maxa wambi imibhalo ephicothayo neyolisayo, yaye kuchasene ngqo imithetho uhlobo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho apha yaba uhlobo kombuso, phantse revolution.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba acacise ukuba classicism Russian wayengazi lwezibingo 'umbongo'. Yonke izibongo yahlulwa ngokungqongqo zibe neentlobo kunye neentlobo, kakhulu imida, yaye ezi zazineepanele inviolable. Ode, uvuthondaba, elegy kunye nezinye iintlobo ubuchule zemibongo ayikwazanga ukuxutywa kunye nabanye.

Apha iindidi emveli zakudala kwaphulwa ngokupheleleyo emva ezo kweziphilayo bacule kunye satires. Oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba "Felitsa" Derzhavin wakwenza oko ngaphambili yaye kamva. Umzekelo, lo ode "Ngomhla Ukufa ka Prince Meshchersky" - isiqingatha elegy. Genres polyphonic ngesandla ukukhanya Derzhavin.

impumelelo

Ndafumana yimpumelelo enkulu lo ode nangoko emva kokupapashwa: "Wonke umntu uyazi indlela ukufunda Russian, waphela ezandleni" - ngamazwi owayephila. Okokuqala Derzhavin uqaphele ngokubanzi ukushicilela i ode, ukuzama ukufihla zabhalwa (mhlawumbi kuboniswe nezihandiba ezaziwa kakhulu baba unochuku), kodwa apha kwakukho Princess Dashkova kunye nohlobo "Felicia" kwi "interlocutor", zikuzo uCatherine II akazange ukusebenzisa intsebenziswano.

UKumkanikazi ode kakhulu kunene, waze wakhala nixhamle, wayalela ukuba ukuveza nangoko zabhalwa kwaye xa kwathi, wathumela snuffbox igolide Derzhavin kunye nombhalo kunye ducats ezingamakhulu amahlanu kuyo. Kwaba ngoko ukuba imbongi weza udumo lokwenene.