Uhlalutyo Laboratory: iintlobo, ihambo, ingqibo. kwilebhu yezonyango

Phantse onke amaziko ezempilo abe iilebhu ezikhethekileyo phi uhlolelwe kuwe. Kuyanceda ukwenza uphando lwezonyango, nto leyo ibaluleke ukuchonga isifo kwaye sentlalo ukuxilongwa xa isigulane lweli ziko. kwilebhu yezonyango eyenzelwe ukuqhuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zophando. Makhe sihlolisise oko iintlobo zovavanyo kunceda ukuchonga esi sifo.

Apho kwilebhu yezonyango kungenziwa akhiwe?

Xa iikliniki kunye nezibhedlele kufuneka ukuba ilebhu enjalo, loo nto ke wenza izifundo ezifana:

1. Uhlalutyo jikelele kwezonyango.
2. Haematology.
3. Uhlalutyo ezinto eziphilayo.
4. Immunoassay.
5. Uhlalutyo Cytologic.
6. Uhlalutyo serological.
7. Uhlalutyo sesifundo.

Kufuneka kwakhona bonisa kwiqembu-thethana yabafazi, iiklinikhi ezizodwa, kwaye nkqu Spa. iilebhu enjalo ibizwa iprofayili, ekubeni zisebenza kuphela yesifundo abayifundisayo. Amaziko ezempilo zomzimba iilebhu ezisembindini. Kwiindawo ezinjalo, sibeka izixhobo nobunzima kakhulu, ngoko yonke uxilongo lwenziwa yi iinkqubo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ziziphi iintlobo kweelebhu zonyango khona?

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo elebhu, oko kuvela oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye neelabhoratri ngokwabo:

• Bacteriological, benza kakhulu isifundo sifo kunye uxilongo eziphilayo.
• Ngumzuzu Laboratory nokuxilonga izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, uvelisa amalungiselelo intsholongwane, apha ke sokugonya, i-serum omzimba.
• kwilebhu Parasitological owenza uvavanyo lokuqonda ukubhaqa zintwala, sebenzisa iindlela helminthological ukwenza oku.
• laboratory yoviwo Cytological uqhuba izinto ezikhethekileyo, nto leyo afunyenwe biopsy. Amaxesha amaninzi ezi iilebhu ibekwe kwiikliniki Oncology.

• A indawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala Laboratory clinical. Kweli nqanaba, abaphandi ukulawula ukuze bafikelele kwizigqibo malunga ubungqina eziphilayo. Kwezi iilebhu baye basebenzisa uluhlu amanyathelo.
• Laboratory Pathologic lizimisele ukuseka unobangela wokufa yomguli, isifundo eveliswe umbandela okuhlatywa, kwakunye nge mgomo biopsy.
• Health Public Laboratory icandelo yococeko-epidemiological zesikhululo, njengoko umthetho, iilebhu ezinjalo sisajongisisa okusingqongileyo.

Ngaba kufuneka ukuba izifundo laboratory lwezigulane I?

Laboratory ihlaziya, iinjongo ezinxulumene yokuba ukuba kuyenzeka ukuba une ecacileyo isigulane kwiimeko mihla, ezifunekayo. izibonelelo Modern ongenza uluhlu enkulu wohlalutyo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo kakuhle kuchaphazela umgangatho ukhathalelo lwezonyango kunye nonyango kwezigulane zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwathi ezi mvavanyo kunokubaluncedo naziphi na izinto eziphilayo, apho umntu, umzekelo, amaxesha amaninzi wafunda umchamo kunye negazi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko smear isikhohlela amkelwe, sisusa.

Zintoni iziphumo zeemvavanyo elebhu kunye nendima yabo amayeza?

uvavanyo Laboratory ludlala indima ebalulekileyo amayeza. Okokuqala zonke iziphumo yohlalutyo kuyimfuneko ukuze kucaciswe ngeenkalo emazifikelele isifo kwaye uqale unyango ngoko nangoko echanekileyo. Kwakhona uphando inceda ukumisela ukuba ngowuphi ukhetho unyango kuhle ukuba isigulane ngamnye. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwizifo kakhulu uyasilela becinga kwixesha nisaqala ngenxa amanyathelo ezinjalo. Ukuba isifo lwaqhutywa ngokuchanekileyo, ugqirha ungenza uvavanyo likarhulumente isiguli phantse 80%. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu onokukuxela okuninzi malunga imeko yabantu, igazi. Ngale Uhlalutyo lwezonyango uyakwazi ukubona phantse zonke izifo. kunceda ufunde ngayo imeko ukungangqinelani nemigangatho, ngokunjalo kwezinye iimeko beyaleza enokwenziwa amaxesha amaninzi.

Ziziphi iintlobo zovavanyo laboratory zikhona?

kwilebhu lwezonyango ukuze sifeze zokuhlaziywa ezinjalo:

• Ukuba laboratory zizifo lwezonyango kusetyenziswa indlela, ziyindlela isifundo zisekelwe impefumlelwano ezisegazini. Ezi ndlela zinceda ukufumanisa ubukho irhorho umzimba womntu ukwahlula phakathi izifo ezosulelayo, atyhila ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala, kwakunye ukuba ujongisise loluthando allergies nezifo. C singakwazi ukuseka iqela igazi lo kulingwa.
• Uvavanyo igazi kunokuba wabizwa izifundo hematological ezahlukeneyo. Uhlalutyo lwenziwa ukuze akwazi ukuchonga izifo ezininzi apho isakhiwo iseli lohlukile. zePCR ezinjalo ukubona iingxaki ezinkulu, ezifana wegazi, ezigula, inkqubo yokukrala kwi izibilini.
• Kubalulekile kuthathwa ezinto eziphilayo. Olu phando laboratory isekelwe polymerase chain reaction, apho DNA yeseli zezifundo. Nale uphethwe ukuba kuyenzeka ukubona hepatitis nosuleleko yi-HIV.
• Cytologic - ikuvumela ukuba ukufunda ngenyameko iiseli ngamnye, ezo ingqalelo kuphela phantsi ngemicroscope. Emva koku, iziphumo zovavanyo ziyafumaneka, ziqonde leyo ukuze abonise ubukho iiseli somhlaza emzimbeni, izifo samathambo kwafunyaniswa, kwakunye njengoko kumiselwe ziinkqubo sifo yokukrala ezinokuthi ukuphuhlisa kumguli.
• iimbono kuvumelekileyo ukuba kuchazwe uhlalutyo ipharasitholo- clinical. Ukusebenzisa uvavanyo ekhethekileyo yemigaqo elingalihloneliyo ubukho amakhalane kunye iintshulube. Amaninzi, iingcali iindlela Darling, kwakunye smear lokuzalwa.
• izifundo ezinobungozi kwenziwa ukuze abe nako ukubona ubukho namaqumrhu angaphandle emzimbeni kunye izinto, ezifana ubuthi, ibinza.
• uhlalutyo ezinto eyenziwa kude kaninzi ngaphezu kwabanye ezidweliswe apha ngentla. Ngoncedo kwezi zifundo kumiselwa inqanaba iiprothini imigangatho serum glucose umchamo negazi.

Kuba yintoni na uvavanyo igazi?

Uhlalutyo yokuqala yophando, nto leyo yabelwa njengesigulane eklinikhi - uvavanyo lwegazi. Inyaniso kukuba nkqu utshintsho incinane emzimbeni womntu ngokuyimfuneko ziza kubonakala nokwakheka igazi lakhe. Ulwelo, esiyibiza igazi aqukuqela umzimba yonke kwaye ulwazi oluninzi malunga ngemeko yakhe. Ngenxa yokuba libe nawo onke amalungu oluntu, igazi kunceda ugqirha ukwenza uluvo injongo malunga nemeko yobume bempilo yakhe.

Iindidi zovavanyo igazi injongo yabo

kwilebhu yezonyango angakwenzela ezininzi iintlobo iimvavanyo zegazi, ikakhulu indlela yabo kunye ezahlukeneyo iya kuxhomekeka injongo apho uphando olunjalo, ngoko zonke iintlobo zovavanyo kwegazi ekufaneleke ukuba siyicinge ngokweenkcukacha:

• Avamise kakhulu isifundo eqhelekileyo lwezonyango, leyo lwenziwa ukuze afumane isifo esithile.
• Uhlalutyo igazi ezinto kwenza ukufumana kunokwenzeka umfanekiso opheleleyo umsebenzi amalungu, kwakunye nexesha ukufumanisa kukungabikho izinto eziyimfuneko, azafunyanelwa ndawo.
• Igazi kuthathwa ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola iihomoni. Ukuba netuwa ndlala kwenzeka utshintsho kakhulu ezingephi, oku kungabangela ezimbi nakakhulu. kwilebhu lwezonyango liqhuba ukuhlalutya hormone, evumela ukuba ukunyenyisa umsebenzi umsebenzi kwabantu okuzala.
• Nge Revmoproby wenziwe wonke uluhlu iimvavanyo zegazi laboratory ezibonisa ubume amajoni omzimba yesigulana. Ngokufuthi olu hlobo uphethwe yabelwa kubantu ezikhala intlungu kwamalunga, intliziyo.
• iimvavanyo zegazi serological ukufumanisa ukuba umzimba ukwazi ukumelana indlela enye okanye omnye ntsholongwane, yaye olu hlalutyo ityhila ubukho naluphi na usulelo.

Kutheni kuqhutywa iimvavanyo kwilebhu nomchamo?

Uhlalutyo Laboratory umchamo isekelwe phezu isifundo kweepropati emzimbeni ezifana ubungakanani, umbala, ukuxinana, yaye asabela. Ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali kumiselwa neprothini, ubukho glucose, imizimba ketone, yibilirubin, urobilinoidy. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ikhokhelwa isifundo yodaka, kuba apho ungafumana amaqhekeza epithelium negazi elimsulwa.

Eyona eziphambili ze analysis umchamo

Uxilongo lokuqala urinalysis, ezi zifundo zinika ithuba lokuba bafunde iimpawu zomzimba lwemichiza lwesiyobisi phezu kwesi siseko ukuzoba isigqibo, kodwa ngaphandle ukuba kukho isifo kunye kakhulu zezinye iimvavanyo:

• Urinalysis ngokuba nechyporenko sisifundo eneenkcukacha kakhulu iiseli ngemicroscope, usebenzisa olu hlalutyo bothi, ubukho leukocytes libalwa, apho ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ngaphezulu 2,000 kwaye erythrocytes - 1000.
• Laboratory Uhlalutyo umchamo Zimnitskiy ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlola Amaqhina awo ngaphezulu kufuneka yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano umchamo eziqhelekileyo lamanani.
• Kuba ekuhlalutyeni umchamo ukuba zeswekile ukufumanisa izifo ezidalwe ezifana nesifo seswekile.
• Ukuvumela uhlalutyo diastase ukujonga umthamo wegazi eziqulethwe yokuchama.
• umchamo inkcubeko bacteriological unikezela ukufumanisa ubuntununtunu kunye nokumelana ezincinane ezibangela kukho usulelo kwiziyobisi.

Njani na uhlalutyo kwilebhu cytology?

Ukuze ubone ukuba iiseli umhlaza kwabasetyhini emzimbeni, athwala iimvavanyo elabhoratri cytology. Kulo mzekelo, lo ugqirha, umguli angasithatha kokuphalwa evela wesibeleko. Ukwenza azihlole, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela le ugqirha uza kukucebisa yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze uhlaziye Musa ukunika iziphumo bobuxoki. Ngokuqhelekileyo olu phando lwezonyango luyacetyiswa ukuba abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-18 kabini ngonyaka ukuthintela ukuyilwa yamathumba.

Njani na uhlalutyo swab ukusuka emqaleni?

Ukuba umntu udla unesifo izifo phecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla, ugqirha nga kumisela ukuba anikezele uvavanyo lwezonyango ekuthiwa swab umqala, oko ukwenzela ukuba akwazi ukubona izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga. Ngoncedo lwe isifundo ezinjalo uyakwazi ukufumana inani ngqo eziphilayo ezibangela izifo kwaye uqale unyango kusekwangoko kakhulu iziyobisi antibacterial.

Kanjani na ukufunda nolawulo lomgangatho hlaziya?

iimvavanyo zeLebhu igazi, umchamo kufuneka echanileyo, ngenxa yokuba, ukususela koku, ugqirha uza kukwazi ukuba banyule diagnosis eyongezelelweyo okanye unyango. Wathi malunga ucazululo lweziphumo kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba elinokuthelekiswa iisampulu zovavanyo kunye neziphumo imilinganiselo. Ngexesha isifundo lwezonyango kusetyenziswa izinto ezinjalo: serum igazi, izisombululo umgangatho zolwelo, izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo. izinto ezongezelelekileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe imvelaphi zokwenziwa, umz, umngundo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye amagciwane nenkcubeko ikhule ngokukhethekileyo.

Njani na iziphumo zovavanyo?

Ukunika uvavanyo olupheleleyo noluchanekileyo kweziphumo zeemvavanyo lwezonyango, le ndlela isoloko isetyenziswa xa nemvavanyo zaselaborathri ibhalwe ikhadi ezikhethekileyo asibeke endaweni yamanqaku ngemihla. Eyakhelwe ikhadi ixesha elithile, umzekelo, kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini zolawulo izinto zokufunda, lonke utshintsho ezithi zenzeke ezibhalwe kwimaphu.

Kwiimeko kakhulu, ugqirha kufuneka ukugcina ulawulo elabhoratri phezu imo umguli yakhe, umzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba isigulane ukulungiselela utyando olukhulu. Ukuba ugqirha wayengekho andiphazami kwiziphumo, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ukwazi imida phakathi uzinzo kunye leengxaki ahlalutye-ward yakhe. Iimpawu zebhayoloji zisenokwahluka kancinane, kodwa kukho abo yanto ukugxila. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba parameters zitshintshiwe ngamacandelo 0.5 kuphela, oko kwanele ukuba umzimba womntu, kwakukho utshintsho ezinzulu vuhlayiseki.

Njengoko ubona, uxilongo elebhu, ngokuhlalutya badlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini wonke umntu, ngokunjalo kuphuhliso amayeza, kuba ngoncedo iziphumo lwezonyango ndizuze izigulane ezininzi akakwazi ukusindisa ubomi.