Ubudlelwane Modern emali

Njengoko jikelele kunye jikelele kuqoqosho lwehlabathi olukhulayo kwemali yamazwe ngamazwe impahla, imali, iinkonzo kunye mboleko. ubudlelwane lwemali - intsebenziswano yoluntu kuhamba ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi enxulumene nokusebenza lwemali kwi inter-karhulumente exchange kwempahla, iinkonzo kunye nolwazi.

izifundo zabo:

1. abahlali:

• abantu emzimbeni (abemi Russian Federation);
• Abemi amazwe kunye nabantu ngaphandle ngummi osisigxina kuhlala Russian Federation isicelo semvume yokuhlala;
• amaqumrhu asemthethweni esekwe ngokungqinelana nomthetho wesizwe;
• amasebe, iiofisi ummeli kunye namanye amaziko abahlala ngaphandle Russian Federation;
• ofisi ezimela, lamaphulo ongunozakuzaku Russia phesheya;
• I-Russian Federation, abalawulwa balo kunye noomasipala.

1. Non-abahlali:

• abantu-non-abahlali ngokomzimba;
• amaqumrhu asemthethweni engaphandle Russian Federation;
• ovunyiweyo kwi mission Russian noonozakuzaku consulates bamazwe angaphandle;
• imibutho engeyiyo amaqumrhu asemthethweni engaphandle Russian Federation;
• unxulumano phakathi koorhulumente kunye interstate kunye nokumelwa zabo;
• amasebe, iiofisi ummeli kunye nezinye iiyunithi noshowo of non-abahlali ebekwe kwi-Russian Federation.

ubudlelwane lwemali - le nxalenye enzima zokwenene zemali interstate. Bona isiseko intsebenziswano phakathi koorulumente. Imali njengento elingana jikelele ababandakanyekayo exchange kwempahla eyinkunzi.

Zonke liphumeza ubudlelwane exchange amazwe benziwa zibe kwinkqubo enye. Kuyinto oluthile ekhethekileyo lombutho lonxibelelwano kule ndawo iirhafu yokutshintsha imali eqingqiweyo ngumthetho. Ngokuphathelele koku iindidi eziliqela kwiinkqubo ezifana kuqoqosho lwehlabathi;

1. Inkqubo yemali yehlabathi. Ifomu yombutho kunye ejikeleza lohlobo lwemali kazwelonke emhlabeni wonke. Kwezi iinkalo, akukho esinye umgangatho currency ehlabathini.
2. National. Uzimisele, njengoko iya kusebenza imali elingana ngaphakathi lizwe, ungubani ziza kwenziwa zize zibekwe esweni.
3. Regional. Le yinkalo entsha kwinkqubo iphela, yona leyo unxulumano phakathi lwesizwe kunye jikelele. Kukho imithetho lwemali bommandla othile lidla ukuba usebenzise lwemali. (Umzekelo: ico).

Namhlanje, inkqubo yemali ngamazwe luphawulwa kukhuphiswano Euro kunye US dollar. izibalo Basic phakathi kwamazwe amabini ngaxeshanye wenziwe kwixesha elidlulileyo, bayimisa imigaqo convertibility ezinye iimali. Nangona kunjalo, i-euro kakhulu ngokuzithemba isondela ukuba ezilingana omtsha International Settlements.

Ke kaloku kwimarike kukho iseti imithetho nezithintelo, kwakunye standardised iintlobo yokuhlala ngamazwe inqanaba ngokusemthethweni urhwebo imali njalo njalo. D.

nempembelelo enkulu phezu ubudlelwane zemali kunye lwemali kwi kumgangatho wehlabathi ibonelelwa ngokukhokela kumazwe aphuhlileyo (ingakumbi i "ezisibhozo"), ukwenza njengoko amaqabane kunye zingasondeli. Kutshanje kuye ukugxininiswa kwaba kunye namazwe asakhulayo kule ndawo.