UBalo lezoLimo: Iminyaka komyalelo. Ministry of Agriculture

Imisebenzi ngazo abasemagunyeni abanobuchule iya kuqokelela iinkcukacha ngemisebenzi-arhente ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho kwicandelo lezolimo - ngo-2016 enkulu-isikali ubalo zezolimo ziya kubanjwa eRashiya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba selhozperepis - into leyo intsha kwimbali Russia. iziganeko ezifanayo zaye zabanjwa ngemihla tsarist Russia. Ingakumbi ngenkuthalo Qokelela idatha ngohlobo selhozperepisi eyenziwa eSoviet Union. Amava intle agrarians USSR ingasetyenziswa ekusombululeni iingxaki mihla yokuqokelelwa kwedatha, ebonisa imeko kwicandelo lezolimo. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha ze selhozperepisey Russian? Ziintoni iimpawu lo mcimbi, eya kubanjwa ngo-2016?

Umongo inventri zolimo kunye nembali yokuziphatha kwabo eRashiya

UBalo of Agriculture - sisehlo olusezandleni imigaqo ekhethekileyo lokuqokelelwa, kwakunye nobhaliso ngendlela emiselweyo ulwazi malunga imeko yezolimo kazwelonke. Esi siganeko olugcinwe amagunya karhulumente ukuze afumane inkcazelo malunga nokuba kusekwa kanjani na inkqubo eyamkelweyo uphuhliso kwicandelo lezolimo, apho kukho iingxaki, yaye ziziphi iziphumo zemisebenzi yamafama ngamaxesha athile.

Imifanekiso inguqu nobalo zolimo eyaziwa ukususela kwimihla Russia yamandulo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba kule mithombo ebhaliweyo ngenkulungwane 9 wadibana irekhodi abanini yokusongela umhlaba inani imfuyo ezithe zokulenza. Yaziwa ukubamba nobalo eziliqela ezifanayo ngenkulungwane ye-13. Kamva, iinkcukacha ngemisebenzi mhlaba Russian bahlanganisana ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17 ngokuthi umbhali wale ncwadi. Ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukulungiselela iinjongo ezo zisetyenziswe ubalo iincwadi.

Ukubalwa omkhulu yokuqala yezolimo ngengqiqo mihla yabanjwa kule inxalenye yaseYurophu yoBukhosi baseRashiya ngo-1877-1878, ngokulandelelana. Lo msebenzi ujoliswe Qokelela idatha ozozogidi akhawunti eyahlukileyo iindidi ngeendidi zeenkcubeko.

Ukubalwa yokuqala selskohozyaystvennayakak isiganeko esemthethweni yaqhutywa ngo-1916. Funda iimpawu zayo.

Selhozperepis 1916

ubalo lwezolimo 1916 samiselwa ukuba:

• ukuqokelelwa kwedatha eziyimfuneko ukuze umbutho karhulumente yobonelelo yokutya ngo-1917-1918 emfazweni;
• ukufumana ulwazi lwamanani kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuphucula ulawulo lomthetho, ezilawula kwinqanaba lezolimo.

Le documentary Ifom ubalo ngo-1916 bekumele ukuba ukubonakalisa ulwazi malunga kubanini, neenkomo, kunye neendawo lihlwayelwa khona. Kwakhona igalelo data kwi esitokisini, izinga ukusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya.

Idatha zobalo yezolimo 1916 ziye zapapashwa kwixesha eSoviet. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ulwazi amaphondo 76 elinabemi abantu malunga 104,4 yezigidi kummandla apho imisebenzi zomyalelo lweefama million 19.2.

kwabantu kwezolimo, nto leyo lwaqhutywa ngo-1916, wabonisa ukuba malunga 64.3% kwiziqhamo imbewu ukutya ihlala malunga 31.6% - wefula. Malunga ne-3.5% yommandla ahlala oli, 0.6% - ezinye. Malunga nama-52% of indawo yokunciphisa kwingxelo ingqolowa, irye, malunga-29% - oats, irhasi. Kokubalwa kwabonisa ukuba le ilifa amafama Russian yaba million 55,8 eenkomo, kuquka iinkomo - 44%.

Ngowe-1917-1920, kukho inani elinye selhozperepisey. Siye sifunde ulwazi ngazo.

Selhozperepisi ka 1917-1920

Agricultural Census 1917 kwaba umcimbi yesibini ngobukhulu apho data yaqokelelwa kwi imeko kwicandelo lezolimo karhulumente. Kuye kwenziwa ikakhulu ngenxa ukutya lokuququzelela semkhosini lizwe.

Njengenxenye data lubalo lwabemi yaqokelelwa kuzo zonke iifama, artels kunye nezinye iindlela zokwenza ushishino kwicandelo lezolimo. Noko ke, sithatha ingqalelo kuphela ezo ezifama, nto leyo izityalo zasendle.

Ngowe-1919, i-ubalo kwicandelo lezolimo ubukhulu ka-10% kwi-sikhokelo isampuli lwaqhutywa eRashiya. It lwaqhutywa ukuze ukubona utshintsho kumsebenzi kweefama ngokwesiseko ukupheliswa yeziko likarhulumente yiSoviet obunini abucala, kwakunye zokwamkelwa umthetho, njengoko apho umhlaba uye uhulumeni.

Bonke-Russia ubalo enkulu yezolimo 1920. Kuye kwenziwe ukuze ufumane inkcazelo igunya malunga utshintsho kwezolimo ngokwesiseko utshintsho emva October Revolution. Iziphumo esi siganeko zibonise ukuba urhulumente omtsha eSoviet zisebenza amakhaya malunga 14.2 yezigidi. abasemagunyeni bajongene zokuyenza loo selhozperepisi 1920, yaqokelelwa data kwi inani kunye nokwakhiwa zabasebenzi kwicandelo lezolimo kweli lizwe, ubungakanani indawo yokunciphisa, imfuyo kunye neenkukhu.

Selhozperepisi e USSR

Kamva, emva kokuba ukusekwa waseUSSR, ukuba kubanjwe inani elikhulu ubalo isampulu kwicandelo lezolimo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kungathathwa izikhombisi 2-3, 5, 10% amakhaya, imisebenzi eziphambili sikarhulumente. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ngo-1928 no-1929 lwaqhutywa wazibala zombini iifama karhulumente kunye iifama ezihlangeneyo, kwaye ngo-1930 - kuphela uhlobo yesibini eentlangano. Phakathi sikhokelo zobalo obufunekayo buqokelelwe data kwiintsapho nemixube ezo abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, malunga ubungakanani kweendawo olinywayo, amanani nemfuyo, i-inventri ukuba ifumaneke ngabemi, ukusebenza ilizwe nokuvusa imfuyo.

Ngokubanzi, icandelo lezolimo USSR ngokubonakalayo yaphandwa ngurhulumente zoluntu kule minyaka ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, apho siyafana - ngokohlobo ubalo elide. Kwiminyaka 50-80 kuthe kwakhona inani elikhulu lwemisebenzi.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele indlela selhozperepisi eyaqhutyelwa post-Soviet Russia.

Selhozperepisi e post-Soviet Russia

Enyanisweni, i first post-Soviet elikhulu-scale ubalo kwezolimo zonke-Russian lwaqhutywa eRashiya ngowe-2006. iinjongo zalo eziphambili zezi:

• sifunyanwe abasemagunyeni bolu ulwazi kwindawo engatshintshiyo kunye nolwakhiwo yezolimo kazwelonke, amandla ayo kunye nokufumaneka kwamajelo uphuhliso yayo;
• ukufumana iinkcukacha-manani ngalo kwicandelo lezolimo koomasipala;
• ukuphucula iindlela manani ze data kwezolimo.

Ulwazi malunga selhozperepisi zabo ukuze zisetyenziswe njengomthombo data xa uhlobo follow-up. Bonke-Russian Agricultural Census 2006 waba ngowokuqala ukuba bavunyelwe ukuba ziphonononge imeko kwicandelo agrarian sikazwelonke Russian Federation, ukuvavanya utshintsho eye yenzeka ukususela utshintsho karhulumente.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba le khosi zobalo zasetyenziswa i nobuchule ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ezintsha kunye iindlela ndakubumba kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo iziganeko ezinjalo. Idatha zobalo zezolimo zaye eyakhupha kwisiza Rosstat.

2016 - Malunga ne-RF Government Ndiwise № 316, epapashwe 04/10/2013, le selhozperepis zilandelayo kwacetywa eRashiya. Cinga ulwazi olusisiseko malunga naloo nto.

Selhozperepis 2016: ulwazi olusisiseko malunga isiganeko

Ngenxa yoko, ubalo yesibini All-Russian kwezolimo okwenziwa ngo-2016 phezu phulo lorhulumente Russian. Esi siganeko Kucetywa ukuba kwenziwa ngezigaba-2. Ukususela ngoJulayi 1 ukuya ku-Agasti 15, ubalo iza kuqhutywa kwiindawo ezininzi ifikeleleke eRashiya, ukususela ngoSeptemba 15 ukuya kuNovemba 15 - kwiingingqi ezisemaphandleni.

Ministry of Agriculture, nenoxanduva ekuqhutyweni ubalo ngo-2016, kukuqokelela iinkcukacha 167,6 amawaka. IiFama amawaka 31,4. Imibutho lwezoLimo, 29,6 amawaka. Amaziko zoShishino kwi imeko micro-enterprises, 55 amawaka. Abalimi ngobume SP, malunga nezigidi ezingama-20 amakhaya abucala yabemi, ngokunjalo malunga 80 lamawaka unxulumano ngeniso balimi..

Nganye yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo neshishini ukujongana neentlobo ezithile iingxaki, abayinqobo kuphela amashishini isikali ethile, apho zifumaneka khona kummandla othile yaseRashiya. Omnye wale misebenzi selhozperepisi - ukuchonga iindlela ezifanayo nokuhlalutya nabo ngokwemiqathango ukusebenza ukuphucula ukusebenza komgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente osentsimini lezenkqubela yezolimo.

Ngoku bafunde iinjongo iinjongo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe-nxaxheba ingqalelo siganeko.

Iinjongo Iinjongo 2016 selhozperepisi

Bonke-Russian Agricultural Census 2016 ibandakanya isigqibo abasemagunyeni bolu iingxaki ngokubanzi, efana kwabo babehleli njengenxalenye lomsitho ngo-2006.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuba:

• ukuqokelela iinkcukacha-manani kwi iwonga kunye nolwakhiwo kwezolimo-industrial candelo Russian Federation, kwizibonelelo ezifumanekayo kulo, kwakunye namandla alo;
• kukuvelisa iimpawu eneenkcukacha kumaqumrhu zoshishino kwicandelo lezolimo - ukuze ukufunda qhinga yophuhliso shishino, uphuhliso lwezixhobo kwi nefuthe loqoqosho kuyo ukuze kuvuselelwe uphuhliso;
• kokufumana ulwazi isenza izinga lokhuseleko lokutya karhulumente.

Funda into ethile izalathisi ezingundoqo bekumele ukuba ezisisigxina sikhokelo selhozperepisi-2016.

Selhozperepis 2016: Iimpawu eziphambili

UBalo lezoLimo ngo-2016 - isiganeko apho iingcali abanobuchule uya kuqokelela ulwazi:

• malunga nexabiso umhlaba ngabemi kunye nemibutho ipropati yesakhiwo kunye neendlela ukusetyenziswa;
• ezinxulumene iimpawu demographic iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zobalo;
• Ingqesho kwezolimo;
• ummandla phantsi kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo zidweliswe ngokohlobo;
• imfuyo kunye neenkukhu - kwakhona unxulumano na ezinye izimvo zabo;
• phambi ziyisebenzise yequmrhu zoqoqosho kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo oomatshini, izixhobo kunye nezinye iziseko.

Siza kufunda ngakumbi ixhomekeke selhozperepisi ngo-2016 oko kwimibutho ishishini.

Selhozperepis 2016: izinto

Ngokungqinelana kunye namalungiselelo umthetho eyahlukileyo federal, abantu emzimbeni kunye nemibutho ixhomekeke selhozperepisi 2016:

• ubambe abaqashileyo okanye usebenzise kwezinye umhlaba emhlabeni, ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa imveliso yezolimo;
• ekubeni izilwanyana zasefama.

Abenzi iimveliso zolimo ngokungqinelana nomthetho zihlelwa lube zezi ntlobo zilandelayo-arhente zoqoqosho:

• amaqumrhu asemthethweni;
• fama;
• oosomashishini ngabanye;
• iifama kwabahlali;
• umbutho indlu non-ngeniso yezityalo kunye nezolimo.

Inkalo elandelayo ebalulekileyo yale siganeko, njengoko kubalo zezolimo - amalungiselelo. Siqwalasela ngokukhethekileyo kuchaphazela selhozperepisi-2016 ngaphezulu.

Ukulungiselela selhozperepisi 2016

Indlela le ikhutshwa phandle bejonge umsebenzi we-nxaxheba zobalo yezolimo 2016, uzimisele, njengoko umthetho, kwinqanaba likamasipala elithile, kodwa ngokuhambelana nemithetho yase. Ngoko ke, inkoliso ez ibaphetheyo wase uthumo esikhethekileyo selhozperepisi. ukwakhiwa kwawo lidla yakhiwa abameli igunya kamasipala, Rosstat, entsimini leengcali zezolimo, abameli ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye namagunya okugada.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukulungiselela selhozperepisi 2016 kwiimeko ezininzi kwenziwa ukususela ngo-2015. Ngoko ke, yi ngexesha iziganeko afanelekileyo bekucingelwa ukuba iingcali abanobuchule nokusombulula imisebenzi ngempumelelo ezifana:

• lokusekwa uluhlu lwamaziko zoshishino apho idatha kufuneka iqokelelwe;
• nokwenziwa kwendawo ubalo - kwisahlulo kamasipala kwii ariya ezahlukileyo kunye neendawo sengigqi ukuphucula ukusebenza ngabasebenzi abajongene nokuqokelelwa kwedata;
• ukutsala ababhalisi - ukwenzela ukudala izinto uluhlu esemthethweni selhozperepisi.

Inkqubo ukuqhuba ubalo lwezolimo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-mthetho ngokuyala kukhuseleko lwe-data zobuqu abathathi-nxaxheba lo mcimbi. Siza kufunda eli ezincinane kakhulu.

Selhozperepis 2016: ukhuselo lwe data zobuqu-nxaxheba

Inyaniso ukuba idatha kwi-nxaxheba kuBalo akhuselwe, kubonakala imithombo eziliqela yomthetho. Okokuqala, oko ngumthetho federal, njengoko apho kubalo lolimo zilungelelaniswe. Okwesibini, yinto uMthetho eyahlukileyo Ukukhuselwa Data Personal.

Ukungqinelana nomthetho wangoku we-Russian Federation kwi ulawulo lomthetho, ulwazi ekufuneka ifakiwe kwiirejista kubalo, ukuze ithathwe ngolwazi olungafumaneki phantsi kubhengezo engagunyaziswanga. Indlela kuphela ukulisebenzisa - ukuthumela ku Iindlela ulwazi olufanelekileyo. ulwazi data yomsebenzisi kuphela abasemagunyeni abanobuchule kunye namanye amaziko, nto leyo eli lungelo samkelwe ngumthetho.

Uqwalaselo lwe data equlethwe kwiirejista selhozperepisi, kufuneka wenziwe ukuba kwakufuneka ukhuselo - oko kukuthi, kunye nokusetyenziswa ethembekileyo encryption data mihla kunye nokudluliselwa kobugcisa. Abasebenzi ezisemagunyeni ababandakanyekayo selhozperepisi kwenziwe ngokungqinelana nomthetho ukuba aveze iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kwiirejista kubalo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba selhozperepisi iziphumo - kwifomu apho iinqobo ziya kuhlangatyezwa yimfihlo ingcaciso malunga nezi okanye amanye amaziko oshishino, iya kupapashwa kamva - eprintiweyo okanye kwi-Internet. Abo okanye ezinye iinkcukacha, khon 'ukuze abe bukathixo, yaye musa ziqulathe izikhombisi kwi ezolimo ethile.

isishwankathelo

Ngoko ke, siye ingqalelo kakuhle ingqikelelo zobalo yezolimo, imbali iinkcukacha zeziganeko. ERashiya, uphuhliso yembali iintlobo ezininzi zezolimo kunye ngenjongo yokwakha i-nkqubo eyiyo inkxaso kunye nophuhliso kule Ntetho candelo kuqokelela rhoqo data kwi imeko kweli shishini.

Ngo-2016 kwi-Russian Federation wabamba kubalo yesibini yezolimo emva kokuwa eSoviet. Ngenxa yoko, le misebenzi sixabana kwixesha eSoviet: amava baloo maxesha, isiko yokuqokelela ulwazi kwicandelo lezolimo basetyenziswa kwi ngesisombululo iingxaki ngoku, ebekwe yi-Ministry of Agriculture kunye nezinye ii-arhente zikarhulumente ochaphazelekayo.

Ngowe-2016, enye selhozperepisey ezizezona zikhulu ziza kubanjwa. Abasemagunyeni abanolwazi iya kuqokelela data kubo bonke abadlali kwezomnotho lwecandelo kwezolimo, yaye ukuba mabazihlele njengenxalenye inani elikhulu iindidi ezahlukeneyo - ukwenzela ukwakha isiseko data ezinokusetyenziswa ukulungiselela injongo uhlalutyo Injongo imo kwezolimo Russian. data koko selhozperepisi iza kusetyenziswa abasemagunyeni ekwakheni umgaqo-nkqubo eziphambili ezintsha kwicandelo lezolimo kwaye ngaphaya kumacandelo ezoqoqosho.