Thermocouple: umgaqo ukusebenza, isixhobo

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo izixhobo kunye neendlela ukuba balinganise iqondo lobushushu. Ezinye zazo ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, amanye - kwiintlobo zophando emzimbeni, kwiinkqubo kwimizi-mveliso namanye amashishini.

Esinye isixhobo esinjalo kuyinto thermocouple. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo ifowuni kunye wesekethe ziza kuxutyushwa kula macandelo alandelayo.

Isiseko yesitalato imisebenzi thermocouple

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo thermocouples isekelwe iinkqubo yesiqhelo emzimbeni. Ngokuba lixesha kuqala ukusebenza, ngokusekelwe apho yunithi isebenza, iye yaphandwa sisazinzulu waseJamani Thomas Seebeck.

Umongo isenzeko, elibamba thermocouple inyathelo siseko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Kwisekethe yombane closed ezibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezimbini ababhexeshi, xa sisiva ezithile kuvela lobushushu lokusingqongileyo umbane.

Le ombane yesiphumo kwaye lobushushu okukufutshane ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo izinikezeli sele ukuxhomekeka yomgama. Oko kukuthi, kungona iqondo lobushushu, kokukhona ombane eveliswe thermocouple. Kwaye zisekelwe phezu kwesi siseko nokusebenza thermocouple kunye nokumelana ubushushu.

Enanikade elinye thermocouple zoqhagamshelwano kukuba kwindawo apho kuyimfuneko ukuba balinganise iqondo lobushushu, ibizwa ngokuba "ashushu." Qha yesibini, ngamanye amazwi - "iqhosha lokulayita" - kwicala elahlukileyo. Isicelo thermocouples kuvunyelwa kuphela kwimeko yokulinganisa, xa enobushushu lingaphantsi site womlinganiselo.

Loo umsebenzi wesiphaluka esifutshane thermocouple, isimiso ukusebenza. Iintlobo thermocouples kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kwicandelo elilandelayo.

iintlobo thermocouples

Kushishino ngalunye, apho kufuneka imilinganiselo ubushushu, ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa thermocouple. Izixhobo kunye nokusebenza iintlobo ngeentlobo unit ziboniswa apha ngezantsi.

Aluminium-Chromel thermocouple

Ezi thermocouples schema ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi ukuvelisa iintlobo zokuva kunye ixhokonxa ukuba sikwazi ukulawula ubushushu kwimveliso mveliso.

osemqoka yawo yeyona ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwaye uluhlu olumbaxa lobushushu kulinganiswa. Abavumela ukuba ukulungisa iqondo lobushushu izidanga ukusuka -200 ukuya kwi-13 000 Celsius.

Bekungalunganga ukusebenzisa thermocouple ukuya aluminium ezifanayo iivenkile izinto sulphur phezulu emoyeni, kuba le isiqalelo yemichiza kuchaphazela zombini chromium aluminium, ebangela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwefowuni.

Chromel-Copel thermocouple

Umgaqo yintshukumo thermocouple, iqela loqhagamshelwano nekukhankanywe kuyo iingongoma ezi aluminiyamu iyafana. Kodwa ezi zixhobo zisebenza kakhulu kwindawo elulwelo okanye sukube ukuba cala, iipropati ezingezo-entsimbini. Esi salathisi lobushushu eliphezulu ayidluli Celsius degree 8000.

thermocouple esebenzayo ezinjalo, ezisebenzisa umgaqo umsebenzi ikuvumela ukuba ukuseka izinga ubushushu nawuphi umphezulu, umz, ngokuba uzingela lobushushu eziko ezikweni evulekileyo okanye naziphi na ezinye izakhiwo efanayo.

thermocouple Iron-constantan

Le yindibaniselwano labafowunelwa ku thermocouple ayikho nje eqhelekileyo wokuqala iintlobo ethathelwa ingqalelo. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo thermocouples iyafana, kodwa olu dibaniso lwenziwa kakuhle umoya rarefied. Amanyathelo kwinqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu mayingagqithi 12.500 degrees Celsius.

Noko ke, ukuba ubushushu uqalisa ukuba angalandeli degrees 7000, kukho lunyhasho umngcipheko ukuchaneka womlinganiselo ngenxa yotshintsho iipropati emzimbeni imichiza yentsimbi. Kukho iimeko nkqu umhlwa besinyithi ukuxhumana thermocouple phambi umphunga wamanzi voice.

thermocouples Platinum-platinum

Ezibiza kakhulu ekwenziweni thermocouples. Umgaqo tyando iyafana, kodwa yahlukile oogxa babo izinzile kakhulu kwaye zithembeke ukufunda iqondo lobushushu. Kuye uvakalelo lifinyele.

Izicelo eziphambili zezi zixhobo - umlinganiselo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Tungsten-oluLula thermocouple

Iyasetyenziswa zokulinganisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Umda ubukhulu leyo itshixwe ngokusebenzisa wesekethe ifikelela 25 lamawaka degrees Celsius.

ukusebenzisa kwabo ufuna ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango ethile. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha lobushushu isikali kuyimfuneko ukubeka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo esibhakabhakeni, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi izikhonkwane kwinkqubo igcwala.

Kuba lo Tungsten-oluLula thermocouple idla sibekwe housings ezaliswe yegesi egalelwe ukukhusela izinto zabo.

Ngaphezu thermocouple ngalinye okhoyo uye kuxilongwa, izixhobo, umgaqo kwayo kuxhomekeka aluminium ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngoku jonga ezinye iimpawu zoyilo.

ukwakhiwa thermocouples

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ngamacebo thermocouples.

• Njengoko isicelo esibekwa ubushushu. Oku kuyilwa ibonelela yokusebenza thermocouple isixhobo bodwa layer yi yangoku yombane. Loo nkqubo evumela ukusetyenziswa thermocouple kwinkqubo ngaphandle bodwa ukusuka emnyango emhlabeni.

• Ngaphandle kusetyenziso umaleko ubushushu. thermocouples ezinjalo bangathungelana kuphela iisekethe yokulinganisa; igalelo kuzo nazo phantsi. Ukuba le meko ayifikelelwanga, isixhobo kukho yesiphaluka ezimbini ezizimeleyo lavalwa, apho yokufundwa ifunyenwe usebenzisa thermocouple akayi kuba zezichanekileyo.

Running thermocouple kunye nesicelo yayo

Kukho iintlobo elahlukileyo lesi sixhobo, obizwa ngokuba "abahambahambayo". Umgaqo ekusebenzeni thermocouple ohambahambayo ngoku sihlole kabanzi.

Oku kuyilwa esisetyenziselwa isigqibo iqondo lobushushu billet sentsimbi phakathi kwenqubo yayo ekutyekiseni, umama kunye nezinye machining ezinjalo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kule meko kunokwenzeka ukuba kunjalo ukusebenzisa i thermocouple eqhelekileyo,, ukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa kufuna ulawulo ubushushu ngqo phezulu, a thermocouple ibaleka kakhulu.

Xa ufaka le ndlela ukuya workpiece kwangaphambili lweziqalelo zayo zoqhagamshelwano itywiniwe. Emva koko, ekusetyenzweni le billet, ezi abafowunelwa rhoqo abakhuselekanga isixhobo yokusebenza okanye ezinye isixhobo umatshini, apho isiphambuka (leyo yeyona nto iphambili ngexesha iimpawu ubushushu ukususwa) njengoko "siphela" labantu ofowunelana nabo.

Le isiphumo lisetyenziswa kwishishini metal le.

iimpawu kwezobugcisa ngamacebo thermocouples

Ekwenziweni yokusebenza yesekethe spike thermocouple yenziwe nabo ezimbini sisinyithi ezaziwa ukuba ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kuhlangana ubizwa ngokuba "okuhlangana".

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwenza ezimbaxa ekhethiwe nge spikes. Ngokulula ukujijwa ndawonye nabo ezimbini. Kodwa loo indlela lemveliso akayi kuba kumgangatho ezaneleyo kukuthembeka, kwaye kwakhona ukunika impazamo xa ukhupha iimpawu lobushushu.

Ukuba ufuna umlinganiselo ophezulu ubushushu, metal ngelotha ithathwa welding zabo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, le solder kusetyenziswa ngexesha uxhulumaniso, kukho indawo yokunyibilika eliphantsi kwaye kutshabalala xa kumgangatho wedatha.

Scheme, eyimveliso apho welding isetyenziswe, unako ukumelana ebanzi uluhlu lobushushu. Kodwa le ndlela Ukuxhuma kuneengxaki zako. Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi metal phezu sesichengeni lobushushu eliphezulu ngexesha iwelding ingatshintsha, nto leyo eza kuchaphazela umgangatho le data.

Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka iliso ubume abafowunelwa thermocouple ngexesha emsebenzini wayo. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba ukutshintsha iimpawu zesinyithi kwisekethe ngenxa kwiimpembelelo ndlongondlongo kwezendalo. Igcwala kunokwenzeka okanye interdiffusion izinto. Kwimeko enjalo kuyimfuneko endaweni umsebenzi wesiphaluka thermocouple.

Imihlobo thermocouples kuhlangana

kushishino Modern uvelisa uyilo eziliqela, ezithi zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni thermocouples:

• kuhlangana evulekileyo;

• Zigqunyiwe kuhlangana;

• esisiphambuka lusekelwe.

osemqoka thermocouples le okuhlangana ivulekileyo ukuxhathisa ihlwempu kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle.

Ezi ntlobo zimbini zilandelayo zezakhiwo ingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu kwiindawo ezikhohlakeleyo yokulinganisa, kunokuba nemiphumo emibi isibini qha.

Ngaphezu koko, ngoku shishino iyakhula iisekethe kwi semiconductor kwimveliso yobuchwephesha thermocouples.

imposiso yokukala

Ukuchaneka lweempawu obushushu afunyenwe thermocouple kuxhomekeke eziphathekayo iqela loqhagamshelwano lo, ngokunjalo iimeko zangaphandle. Le yokugqibela iquka uxinzelelo, yemisebe imvelaphi okanye ezinye izizathu ukuba ezinokuchaphazela iimpawu zomzimba imichiza zesinyithi, leyo nabantu.

Ukuchaneka yokulinganisa ibandakanya ezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• Imposiso random zibangelwa iimpawu thermocouple lokuvelisa;

• iphutha kubangelwa lobushushu ukungathobeli "iqhosha lokulayita" contact;

• Imposiso, unobangela apho wakhonza ingxolo zangaphandle;

• ulawulo imposiso izixhobo.

Iingenelo ngokusebenzisa thermocouples

Iingenelo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo enjalo ulawulo ubushushu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isicelo, zezi:

• Iimpawu umsantsa omkhulu apha enokuqikeleleka yi thermocouple;

• spike thermocouple, oko kuthetha ngqo ekususweni ufundo nga kubekwa ukudibana ngqo kwi ndawo yokulinganisa;

• inkqubo elula of thermocouples yokuvelisa, amandla abo kunye ihlala yokusebenza.

Ezingeloncedo lomlinganiselo lobushushu usebenzisa thermocouple

Bobubi tirhisa thermocouples ziquka:

• Imfuneko gqolo ekubekeni iliso lobushushu "iqhosha lokulayita" thermocouple qha. Lo ngumsebenzi ezikhethekileyo uyilo izixhobo zokulinganisa, ezo zisekelwe thermocouple. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo le nkqubo linciphise yayo. Basenokuba zingasetyenziswa kuphela xa amaqondo obushushu okukufutshane ungaphantsi ubushushu abakwindawo yokulinganisa.

• Ukophulwa lobume engaphakathi zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa eyimveliso thermocouple. Inyaniso kukuba ngenxa yemeko ezisingqongileyo abafowunelwa balahlekelwe ukufana kwabo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iimpazamo ukufunda iqondo lobushushu zaveliswa.

• Ngexesha umlinganiselo iqela thermocouple yokuqhagamshelana idla baboniswa kwiimpembelelo engentle yokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ebangela yokuphazamiseka msebenzi. Oku kufuna ukubekwa uphawu abafowunelwa, nto leyo ebangela iindleko zolondolozo olongezelelweyo abenzi boluvo ezinjalo.

• Kukho ingozi yokuvela kumaza kagesi yi thermocouple lokwakha inika iqela loqhagamshelwano elide. Kwakhona nga kuchaphazela iziphumo ngokwemilinganiso.

• Kwezinye iimeko, nokuhluthwa kwenzeka ubudlelwane yomgama phakathi yangoku yombane evela kwi thermocouple kunye nemozulu kwindawo womlinganiselo. Le meko ifuna izixhobo yolawulo umlinganiselo kwimibhobho.

isiphelo

Nangona iziphene zayo, indlela yomlinganiselo lobushushu kunye thermocouples, eyathi yasungulwa kuqala kwaye yavavanywa ngenkulungwane ye-19, wafumana isicelo walo kuzo zonke amasebe eshishini mihla.

Ngaphezu koko, akukho zikhona izicelo apho ukusetyenziswa thermocouples kuphela kwendlela yokufumana i data lobushushu. Ufunde le nto, uqonde ngokwaneleyo imigaqo engundoqo yomsebenzi wabo.