System Operating: imizekelo inkcazelo. Imizekelo inethiwekhi operating systems

OS Network njengento inkqubo yokusebenza oye eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ubunakho yokusebenza uthungelwano computer. Ezi mpawu esikhethekileyo angaquka:

• Xhasa izixhobo womnatha ezahlukeneyo kunye nothungelwano protocol ;
• Zokuqwalasela yomgudu protocol kunye nothungelwano lokuhluza izithuthi,
• khona inkonzo yenethiwekhi inkqubo ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise ngabasebenzisi bobekelo kude kwizibonelelo ze-computer.

Network operating system - umzekelo iimvulophu ezinjalo:

• Novell NetWare.
• inkqubo GNU / Linux ezininzi.
• Microsoft Windows (95, NT kwaye kamva).
• Iindlela ezininzi ze UNIX ezifana Solaris, FreeBSD.
• iOS; inkampani ZyNOS ZyXEL.

Imisebenzi ephambili ke imithombo network inkqubo okohlukahlukana OS (umz, isithuba kwidiski) kunye nolawulo yayo. Ngoncedo imisebenzi womnatha inkqubo umlawuli ichaza izibonelelo ekwabelwana, ucwangcise igama lokugqitha, umisela amalungelo ukufikelela kumsebenzisi ngamnye okanye iqela labasebenzisi.

inkqubo yokusebenza, umzekelo yayo eboniswe ngasentla, abe ukwahlulwa ibe:

• inethiwekhi systems yokusebenza kubancedisi;
• inethiwekhi systems ezisebenza abasebenzisi.

Kukho yokusebenza ezikhethekileyo inkqubo olu hlobo, ezo iimpawu ezithile kwezakhiwo (NT Windows), kwaye elula yokusebenza (Windows XP), yintoni imisebenzi network elinikiweyo. Okwangoku, iinkqubo zokusebenza phantse ebesoloko esebenzisa ukudidiyela imisebenzi.

Ubume inethweki-ngokubanzi OS

Network avtooperatsionnaya ingqiqo sisiseko nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyutha. Nasiphi na isixhobo computing uzimele kumsebenzi wayo. Ngenxa yoko, uthungelwano yokusebenza kwenkqubo ngengqiqo mihla ithetha entsokothileyo ikhompyutha eziliqela olunye zihlanganise omnye nomnye ngokuthumela iinkcukacha kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo ngokunxulumene nemithetho jikelele - indlela ezisemthethweni ezixhasiweyo.

Ngengqiqo emxinwa ngakumbi inkqubo yokusebenza enjalo, umzekelo leyo kungabonwa ezininzi izixhobo zale mihla - iseti lweenkqubo efakwe kwikhompyutha yakho, evumela ukuba zisebenze ngokubambisana namanye izixhobo.

iimpawu

Of inowuthi ethile linani lweziqalelo ngayo yokusebenza kwenkqubo yolu hlobo zihambise:

• ulwabiwo memory okwexeshana kumqhubekekisi ulawulo kwizixhobo multiprocessor;
• ukukwazi ukulawula iikhompyutha kude.

Ngamanye amazwi, ithuba imithombo kunye nolwazi ukusetyenziswa enye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo indlela yokusebenza womnatha. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokusebenza, imizekelo nokuxoxwa ngasentla, ngokuyimfuneko ziquka umsebenzi:

• Vala iifayile kunye neerekhodi (apho kuyimfuneko xa ifowuni isetyenziswa kunye);
• uhla ulawulo amagama kwemithombo womnatha;
• processing ocela ufikelelo kwinkqubo yefayile, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo iinkcukacha kwifomu kude;
• ukulawula esinye isicelo abasebenzisi ezikude ukuba izixhobo zabo.

Izakhi abamelwe

Kuthetha isicelo sokwamkelwa imithombo ezikude kunye nesicelo zabo olusebenzayo isiqalelo client ebizwa redirector. Le element inika inkcazelo eyithumela imibuzo kwinethiwekhi kwimithombo qelele kubasebenzisi kunye izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, isicelo iphuma isicelo sendawo, azifihle kwinethiwekhi ngenye indlela elihambisana bume womncedisi.

Inxalenye client, ukongeza, wamkela iimpendulo ezisuka kwabanye abancedisi sikuphendule zibe nezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni. Ngoko ke, izicelo zendawo ekude kwaye kwamkelwa izicelo ngokufanayo.

Network operating system, umzekelo umsebenzi ochazwe apha ngentla, kufuneka unxibelelwano kuthetha ukunika ulwazi ngokwabelana network. Ezi mali zinika ingqwalasela kwaye kumthamo isaziso engenayo, ukukhethwa le ndlela okudlulisela unxibelelwano womnatha, ukhuseleko transmission, njalo njalo. N. Ngamanye amazwi, le element onoxanduva lokuhambisa iinkcukacha kwi network.

Ngokusekelwe iimpawu ezikhoyo ingakumbi ikhompyutha, inkqubo yayo zokusebenza akufanelekanga kwicala lomncedisi okanye iklayenti.

Imizekelo iinkqubo yokusebenza uthungelwano besizukulwana sokuqala

Inkqubo yokusebenza womnatha yokuqala wayefana iseti iqokobhe OS ezikhoyo zasekuhlaleni kunye nenethiwekhi xa umenzi wokongeza i-kuyo. Kulo mzekelo, indlela yokusebenza basekhaya isixa amancinane imisebenzi network, njengoko abanenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekuphunyezweni iqokobhe. Inkqubo kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle olu hlobo, ezafumana ehlabathini ngokubanzi, waba MS DOS. Ukususela kulwabiwo wesithathu iqokobhe, waba iimpawu ehlanganisiweyo ezifana kwakunye ikwaxina kweerekhodi kunye iifayile ezifunekayo ngenjongo yokufikelela jikelele kwifayile. Lo mgaqo amanyathelo kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuthungelwano mihla operating systems - LANtastic kunye PersonalWare.

sesihambe zophuhliso

Noko ke, kwezithembiso kakhulu yindlela ukuphuhlisa uthungelwano inkqubo yokusebenza, ekuqaleni zanikezelwa ukubaleka kwi-network. Imisebenzi ezinjalo amaqokobhe ezihlangeneyo nzulu iimodyuli zabo iqhosha inkqubo, oqinisekisa ezihambelanayo zabo ubhalo, elula yokusebenza kunye nokuphucula, kwakunye nokwenza okulungileyo. Namhlanje, oluninzi lwemithombo yoncedo eyabelwa ngayo ukuphucula ezi nkqubo zisebenza. Imizekelo le nkqubo - iindidi uluhlu lwezinikezelo NT kwi Microsoft Windows.