Sudan ingca: iteknoloji ukulima, umyinge imbewu, imbewu kunye neempawu eziphilayo

Sudan ingca (okanye amazimba waseSudan, Sudan ingca) - high-ivelisa izityalo. Ukhula iimeko ezifanele ukuya eziimitha ezintathu, iSayensi neThekhinoloji, enye ingcambu 120 ukuya neziqu. Ekubeni iindlela zokulima efanelekileyo kulinywe unika iintlobo zengca zonyaka kwingxelo izityalo ezidla. Xa uhlobo silage, hay, ubunzima eluhlaza amatsha-wonqanyulwa, lisetyenziswa ukuba ngokuzityebisa weenkomo.

Sudan ingca: Izinto eziphilayo

Amazimba sudanense fanele ukuya zamazimba uhlobo. Strong iingcambu ezinezikhondo nga akhule nge-2.5 m ubunzulu nobubanzi 75 cm. Zezindlu Glabrous stem zizaliswe parenchyma emhlophe nomsi-. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo ziphezulu. Kukwakho uyindawo ephakamileyo indawo sisityalo ngaphantsi kwe kwimitha kunye (amahlumelo ukuya ku-12) a amancinci naphakathi (12-25) tillering. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokumila etyholweni;

• Nkqo.
• Recumbent.
• Bulala.
• Ifike.
• Slaboraskidistye.

Encomekayo beveling slaboraskidistye amatyholo tye, amazimba waseSudan gqitha kwezi mpawu yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Kwimimandla efudumeleyo, imila ingca ophezulu kakhulu iPeople, ifoto leyo iyamangalisa. In Russian badla compact ngakumbi ezilinyiweyo ngeentlobo ingca Mironovskaya 8, 12, 100 Kinelsky, Aida, uMofokeng 3 Chernomorka, Volgogradskaia 77 Azimuth Brodskaya 2 ngcungela 151 Severyanka, naseNovosibirsk 84 Kamyshinskaya 51 Zonalskaya 6 kunye nabanye.

iipropati ezizelwe

Sudan utyani hay nemifuno na ukutya elungileyo okunesondlo. Obuluhlaza protein mass - 3%, iiproteins - 4.4% iswekile - 7,9-9,1%. Sudan ingca exutywe advantageously kunye iimbotyi, ingakumbi - ilusini. imixube Ezo elizele ngakumbi calcium, iiproteins, izinto extractive nitrogen-free. Ngobuninzi ubunzima obukhulu eluhlaza, ukumelana imfuyo kunye nesakhono ukuze ikhule ngokukhawuleza (ngexesha lonyaka - amaxesha 4-5) ukwenza waseSudan enye wedlelo zengca kakhulu.

Umgangatho lesondlo hay zixhomekeke kukucheba ixesha. Ukuba isivuno sakhe kwisigaba buttonhole lwemveliso ukugcina eninzi protein ekrwada - 14-16%. protein nnangaphezulu (14,2-18,9%) siyakhuselwa ukuba ingca Sudan nengca kokuqala kwisigaba. Silage Kucetyiswa ukuba ukuvuna xa ingqolowa wathulula. Hi ndlela leyi, silage bondle ezifana umbona.

Ithekhinoloji nokulinywa Sudan yengca

Kuba ngokuhlwayela imbewu kwi izandulela kangangoko imifino, izityalo okuziinkozo (ingakumbi ebusika). Olugunyazisiweyo pre-processing of ukhula. izifundo Siberia Research Institute aye abonisa ukuba iimeko ephilisayo ihlathi-emathafeni isivuno imbewu ifunyenwe emva Perennials ukuyilwa umphunga, umbona.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukunyanga umhlaba, kuthathelwa ingqalelo uhlobo zocando. Nemveliso yazo zonke unyango olusisiseko oluqhutywa ekwindla. Oku kuya kunceda sondle ukufuma emhlabeni ecaphukile iimvula nekhephu. E Western eSiberia (zone emathafeni) ekwindla enzulu (25 cm) kulinywa iZiyon entsimini entwasahlobo ukugcina ukufuma kumkhondo ababini spike-Izinyo Murs. Ulungelelwaniso, namasimi kwabadlali abacwangcisi phambi nasemva kokutyala ibonelela amahlumelo lobuhlobo.

Ngaphandle yemigxobhozo ukuba umhlaba lo befuna Sudan utyani. iimpawu zebhayoloji zinika isivuno esihle nkqu kumazwe saline. Okungcono elandulelayo ertyisi kucingelwa, pelyushka, grass, ilusini, ikhaphetshu, iitapile. Kwakhona kuluncedo ukulima iimbotyi, kunye amazimba waseSudan.

I ngokukhawuleza wabamba Ukuchetywa yokuqala neyesibini, ubunzima eluhlaza enkulu iya kukhula kwinkqubo ezayo 2-3 cut. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukucoca hay izimiso mowari. Asongwe olubangelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye podvyalivayut engcono ibalekisa yokomisa yendalo.

nokulungiselela imbewu

Imbewu Sudan ingca ephendulayo kulungiselelo kwebhedi. Nosipho lo mzuzu nge thermal air-ubushushu, waphatha microfertilizers. Iimbewu wafumana ukubetha eziphilayo kunye intshula Micro elizele ngesifo amancinane izichumisi.

Enye yeendlela ukwenza iinkqubo hormone komzimba - wokutshiza phambi kokutyala izisombululo ezizodwa eziqulathe iboron (ukuba kufakwe zinc) kunye manganese. Neelitha ezi-2 zamanzi itshitshisiwe 15-18 g potassium permanganate kunye eqhelekileyo 6-9 g boron okanye zinc iityuwa. Esi sixa kwanele ukuphatha 1 quintal iimbewu. Ukuze ngokulinganayo abele imbewu ngocoselelo waxhokonxa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngaphambi ayihlwayelayo umntu, kufuneka owomileyo.

A indlela wesimanje yamalungiselelo kwebhedi - vernalization. Isikhongozeli obuphalazelwe kwiilitha ezingama-20 zamanzi wagalela quintal iimbewu. Linda de iimbewu ngokupheleleyo ukufunxa amanzi. Ke arholwe baza benziwa zitsho ezincinane, sihlale kule meko iintsuku 8 mnyama 20-30 C. Ukunqanda ukubola, ubunzima rhoqo Ted, nefolokhwe. Kuyimfuneko ukuba esweni izinga ekuntshuleni. Ukuba imbewu aqandusele ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, iinqumba amathumba. Vernalization kuphumelela ngakumbi ukuba izityalo imbewu.

rate imbewu

Kuphela kumhlaba efudumeleyo (+10 c) Sudan ingca lako. Izinga imbewu kuyahlukana nedlela indlela imbewu. Xa ilungu gqolo inkqubo - kuluhlu 25-30 kg kwihektare 1 nganye. Xa shirokorjadnyj indlela kwimimandla eziyimiqwebedu kwisiqingatha rate - 10-15 kg. Xa yobuninzi nokubekwa imbewu ukufuma ukuvelisa imishini ukuya kubunzulu 3-5 cm ngomhla ka yomile, imihlaba ukukhanya imbewu elungiselwe nzulu -.. 6-8 cm Ukuba Sudan ingca sihlwayelwa umxube nabanye nenkcubeko, izinga imboni kuncitshiswa 15-25%.

ukulungiselela seedbed

ukulungiselela seedbed edinayo. Ukuba omnye amanyathelo ukutsiba iya kuncitshiswa druzhnost ukuntshula, tillering, isivuno. Inqubo:

1. Neziqhushumbisi.
2. elimayo Deep.
3. basinda entwasahlobo Early.
4. ixesha-ezimbini Pre-lokuhlwayela ngokuqhubekayo.
5. Pre-ayihlwayelayo ukubunjwa komhlaba.
6. Posleposevnoe ukupakisha zomhlaba.

Ixesha izichumisi ukwandisa izivuno. rates ezicetyiswayo hectare 1: 20-30 kg of potash, phosphate 30-45 kg, 30-45 kg ye-nitrogen isichumiso.

izakhiwo eziluncedo

Ukongeza isivuno ezininzi wefula mass eluhlaza, Sudan utyani kwamnceda emhlabeni, abayithintelayo ukhula. Ngenxa ineengcambu ezomelele- ezinezikhondo inkcubeko kwandisa breathability nokufuma umthamo komhlaba, uyayikhulula kubo, ukwenza izakhiwo lula, izihluzi ngamanzi kwemfuneko. Bezikhulule umhlaba kunye nengca esebenzayo nomoya, Cya zomhlaba yingenelo nemibungu basasaze ngcono ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuqulunqwa wamatye. Izityalo ngokwabo ngaphantsi abagulayo, ukunyuka imveliso.

Sudan ukukwazi utyani kwimihlaba saline ziquka ivumela ukujikeleza asifanelekanga ukuba ezinye izityalo saline. Kwiindawo apho ukhukuliseko iqhubeka, kubalulekile ukuba ahlwayele le imifuno kunye iingcambu enamandla ashinyeneyo abayibambe amasuntswana kumhlaba yemozulu, leaching.

Kodwa kukho bokuqonda. Kanye ingqolowa, Sudan ingca lususela emhlabeni Micro ezininzi, impoverishing kuyo. It elisombulula ingxaki lokutyala joint a annuals imidumba. izichumisi lokunxibela High-umgangatho kwakhona abuyisele imali eseleyo ngeentsholongwane.