Stock Exchange - yintoni na le nto? Imisebenzi kunye namalungu stock exchange

Kuninzi States mihla asebenza stock kunye kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho. Imisebenzi ye amaziko ezemali afanelekileyo lubandakanya ukwenza eninzi ngokubaluleka lwemisebenzi kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ntoni na ke? Yiyiphi imigaqo eziphambili borhwebo kwiimarike kulo mba?

Yintoni Stock Exchange?

Stock Exchange - kukuthi, ngokutsho inkcazelo eqhelekileyo, imibutho ezizodwa ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yorhwebo lwe izibambiso ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni ngokusemthethweni zentengiselwano, kwezinye iimeko - yimfihlo umqombothi kunye nabanye abadlali kwimarike, ubonelela iintlawulo kubantu abagunyazisiweyo abo okanye enye imbuyekezo enikwe bidders izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezithengiswayo nokuthenga izibambiso.

Stock Exchange - i lophawu ibalulekileyo kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho mihla. It ivumela iinkampani ukutsala imali abatyali 'ngokusebenzisa ukubekwa izabelo ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, nokwandisa ngaloo nobumba yayo.

Imbali ukuvela stock

Iza kuba luncedo ukuba sihlolisise indlela apho Stock Exchange. Imbali elivela kuzo amaziko ezemali afanelekileyo luqala, ngokutsho abaphengululi mihla, ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16. Ngoko ke wokuqala ukutshintshiselana yorhwebo zibonakele kwizixeko ezikhulu zorhwebo yaseYurophu. Ngowe-1531 - e Antwerp, ngo-eemitha 1549 - e Toulouse, 1556 - eLondon. Noko ke, ifomathi efanelekileyo yobudlelwane zemali kwangoko kakhulu, yaye ezi ukutshintshiselana zavalwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Noko ke, kakade 1611 e Amsterdam wavula imarike elitsha, apho asasebenza. Ekuqaleni kwenziwe imisebenzi ngempahla, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha ndaba imicimbi engekenziwa kwi istock exchange nezibambiso baqala. Okokuqala, enyanisweni, imarike stock iye yaba nombutho eLondon, owasekwa ngo-1773. Ngowe-1792, isakhiwo efanayo sele esekwe eNew York.

Imbali kokutshintshiselana stock eRashiya

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba imifanekiso uguqulo stock eRashiya wabonakala ngemihla uPetros I. ka1789, wawiswa uCatherine II, yamkele isicwangciso sokwakha Gostiny Dvor e Moscow, apho umsebenzi bekumele ukuba bahlele exchange. Kodwa enyanisweni, eli ziko yezimali efunyenwe kuphela emva kwemfazwe ka 1812. Ngelo xesha, ababhali-mbali bathi, ukuba sele kuvulwa, ingakumbi, i-Odessa kurhwebo - ngo-1796. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ifomathi efanelekileyo yobudlelwane zemali ngokukhutheleyo nokuphuhlisa eRashiya.

Ngo-1917 kwakukho malunga 115 ukutshintshiselana kuBukhosi Russian. Nangona kunjalo, i-revolution kunye neziganeko ezilandelayo ziye zingabi ithemba uphuhliso ingxenye. Exchange yasebenza ebudeni bexesha nep, Noko ke, umsebenzi wabo kwayekwa ngowe-1930. Ukubuyisela ukutshintshiselana kwiziko eRussia kuphela emva kokuwa USSR. Ke kaloku eRashiya kukho ezininzi stock enkulu. Phakathi edume - i unathi kunye MICEX. zamaziko azo ngenxa yokuba istock exchange - oko kukuthi, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, lophawu ebalulekileyo kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho. Njengokuba ezoqoqosho yesizwe Russian Federation baqalisa ukwakha ukusuka yali ukuya imodeli nkulu, ukuba kuthwalelwa phandle ukusekwa amaziko zemali ezifanelekileyo.

iinkcukacha ngakumbi oko kubonakaliswa ukubaluleka stock kuqoqosho lwelizwe, sikwazi ukubona nomba imisebenzi eziyenzayo.

Imisebenzi phantsi konxibelelwano kuqoqosho karhulumente

Iingcali zale mihla ziye zachongwa luhlu lulandelayo kubo.

Okokuqala, imisebenzi istock market - yiyo beqokelela ubeka imali ebonakalayo eyinkunzi kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Olu khetho ubukhulu becala ichaphazela utyalo nomtsalane kwamashishini ezisebenza sikarhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba capitalisation neemarike isitokhwe ayisoloko masihambelane Dynamics GDP. Abathathi-nxaxheba ye istock exchange - ke abarhwebi noosomashishini ababandakanyekayo ifandesi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuzama ukufumana into ngokwabo. Noko ke, ukufunyanwa abo okanye ezinye izibonelelo zemali inokuba njengomba utyale kwabo kwishishini, yaye oku, ke, ngokuqinisekileyo unako kuchaphazela eyenzwa karhulumente.

Okwesibini, i istock market - oku kwimarike, apho indima ebonakalayo idlalwa kubatyali-mali bamanye amazwe. Ngaloo ndlela, amaziko ezemali afanelekileyo zibaluleke kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo umbono imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ngamazwe karhulumente. Izalathisi manani RZB kunye Stock Exchange - kukuthi, kwezinye iimeko, Iimpawu zoqoqosho kubalulekile ukuba amahlakani angaphandle.

Okwesithathu, ii-stock - idla imibutho ezinkulu kakhulu eyenza uluntu yobungcali iphela abarhwebi. Amalungu istock exchange - akukho iinkampani nje bethengisa izabelo, abo abe, isimiso, yaye abemi abaqhelekileyo abanako ukufikelela kwi sixhobo eziyimfuneko zemali ukuthenga nokuthengisa izibambiso. Ngaloo ndlela, amaziko zemali ajongwa nabanye abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo resource inzaliseko abantu isixhobo engqesho.

Ubume istock exchange

Ngoku siyazi ukuba istock market - kubalulekile ukuba kuqoqosho yeziko mali karhulumente. Ngoku makhe sihlolisise oko nkcukacha oko ubume bayo, bungakanani na iinkqubo eziphambili kwenziwa ezi khosi borhwebo. Stock Exchange - indawo apho kwenziwa ukuthenga nokuthengisa lwamaphepha - uninzi izabelo zasimahla ekhutshwe nayiphi na inkampani yabucala okanye yoluntu.

Quotes and indices

Ngokusekelwe ukuba izinto zihamba ngendlela emarikeni xa sisonke okanye kwishishini elithile, ingakumbi, ziyenziwa izicaphulo izabelo ezifanelekileyo. Xa zizonke, bona akhawunti ukuba index market stock. Ngoko ke, eneneni, inani isalathiso ixabiso izibambiso, Uvula eqongeni efanelekileyo zorhwebo. Esi salathisi ibunjiwe, njengoko umthetho, ukuba benkampani ezinkulu kwizabelo, yaye kuba isekelwe Umtyalimali usenako ukuvavanya ukuba izinto zihamba kwicandelo elithile loqoqosho lwesizwe okanye lonke uqoqosho ngokubanzi.

Ziziphi iingxaki isonjululwe abaququzeleli exchange?

Njengokuba sibonile ngentla apha, isitokhwe azisoloko masihambelane GDP, kodwa unako ukunika isikhokelo amahle ekukhuleni izikhombisi efanelekileyo koqoqosho olukhulu. Ngoko ke, ukulungiswa uluhlu locaphulo kwi istock exchange - asikuko umsebenzi bezimali lula oya, kwelinye icala, ukuba ukufumanisa ngokusekelwe kweekhrayitheriya njongo, uludwe iinkampani ezinkulu kwelinye - ukuqinisekisa representativeness ubukho babo kwisalathiso olo tshintshano. Iingcali imisebenzi zorhwebo ndlela, kungaba bakhokelwe njengoko imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezithethe, nakwabo abonisa specificities zesizwe izibambiso zoshishino.

Ukuyila uluhlu locaphulo kwi istock exchange - alikho umsebenzi bezimali ezibalulekileyo kuphela, ukulungiselela imisebenzi efanelekileyo. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba semthethweni ngokupheleleyo zentengiselwano, ngokubeka kwizabelo, imali igalelo kunye neziphumo ngokomthetho zamazwe ngamazwe nezesizwe kwinkalo ezezimali. Ngoko ke, lo mbutho borhwebo uluntu ngokhuselo ibandakanya inxaxheba abadlali iphambili ilandelayo: izabelo benkampani, abarhwebi, mali, nokuseka izintlu zocaphulo, kwakunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni ngawo imicimbi engekenziwa ngowe ukuthenga nokuthengisa lwamaphepha.

Imigaqo zokuthengisa kwi Stock Exchange

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ukuba sisiseko siseko wenza zokurhweba kwiziza ezifanelekileyo. Stock Exchange - imarike, nangona localized noko. Oko kukuthi, amaxabiso ezo iimveliso ezifumaneka kuwo - kulo mzekelo, i izibambiso zeenkampani - lwenziwa ngenxa yonikezelo kunye nemfuno kwi-asethi ezifanelekileyo. Ezinye ummiselo yolawulo xabiso istock exchange ingangabi bubulumko. Le nkampani ifumana izabelo zawo kwimarike ngenjongo bezimali, kuqala kwiinto zonke, impumelelo yabo ukwakha imodeli ishishini.

Stock Exchange - imakethi obulugelelanisiweyo, imisebenzi ngokunxulumene nemithetho ethile nemimiselo. Ukuze ufumane kuyo, inkampani khupha ezi izabelo kufuneka ufezekise inani le migaqo, kwakunye nezinye iinkampani, ngokubeka izibambiso phezu zingxoxo ezichaphazelekayo. Ngokufanayo, izithethe ezisekiweyo kufuneka balandele kakuhle kunye abarhwebi.

Lutho njenge phawu engundoqo yorhwebo

Noko ke, amaziko ezemali afanelekileyo, njengoko umgaqo, zama ukuba luvuleleke kangangoko kunokwenzeka kubatyali-mali. Ngokukodwa - abo amazwe. International Stock Exchange - enye yezixhobo ezisebenzayo zemali lokukhulisa capital sikarhulumente. Ngoko ke, Abaseki bayo ndizama ukufikelela ingenalo novelwano kakhulu zokurhweba bamazwe angaphandle.

Ngaleyo ndlela kwande iikowuteshini kwi-stock?

Inkalo elandelayo eya kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela - ukuba, ngokwenjenjalo kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kweekowuteshini sezabelo ze nkampani, ezikhoyo emarikeni. Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba la maziko zemali ngokupheleleyo izakhiwo zemarike, phantse ishenxisa ngempembelelo zolawulo kwi indlela kwamaxabiso i. Stock Exchange index - ngomlinganiselo ebonisa umdla ngumtyalimali, ekufakeni kwemali kwizabelo kwiinkampani ezithile, kunokuba nayiphi na enye. Kodwa njani treydet limisela ukuba utyalo-zithembekile? Yaye ngaxa lithile, ugqiba ukuthengisa izabelo ezifunyenwe?

Idlala indima inani elikhulu lezinto.

Okokuqala, zithathelwa ingqalelo data epapashwe kwi imeko sezabelo zoshishino zenkampani elikhupha. Le ingaba iingxelo zemali, iziphumo zophicotho-zincwadi, amanqaku okuhlalutya, ngokusingisele uvavanyo ukusebenza loshishino imodeli yenkampani.

Okwesibini, elilwela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umrhwebi - izikhombisi zoqoqosho. Ukuba ngaba umtyali-ebona ukuba imeko kuqoqosho yesizwe lizwe apho imisebenzi benkampani ekukhutshweni, kude obufanele - usenokugqiba ekubeni ukuthengisa kwizabelo bonke okanye uninzi iinkampani zikarhulumente.

Okwesithathu, inkalo ebalulekileyo nokuthatyathwa kwezigqibo uMrhwebi ukuba athenge okanye athengise izibambiso - imeko yezopolitiko kule okanye loo mmandla. Utshintsho ngesiquphe igunya ngokwaseburhulumenteni, okanye imbonakalo imimoya ubudlelwane kunye nabamelwane zayo - kukho into-mali ukuze abe ukuhlaziya uvavanyo yalo amathuba utyalo kwizabelo zeenkampani ezisebenza kwilizwe elithile.

Yintoni na isizathu abarhwebi benkampani yawo kwi-stock exchange?

Makhe sifunde omnye umba Stock Exchange - ekhuthazayo. Eneneni, yintoni ebangela ukuba iinkampani ukukhupha kunye nabarhwebi efuna ukuzibandakanya ngokhuselo zokurhweba? Imisebenzi istock exchange - oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umbutho yentsebenziswano esemthethweni wemali - umntu ofuna ukugcina nokwandisa ikomkhulu labo, nezentengiselwano, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ufuna ukwandisa amandla yayo, ukuphuhlisa amashishini amatsha, ukubonelela ukuqondwa uphawu wesizwe kunye kwamanye amazwe. Omabini la macala, Kakade ke, banomdla ingeniso, kwaye oku nenkuthazo zazo eziphambili.

nokuba iimarike ezikhoyo zomthetho?

Phakathi Abarhwebi uluvo eqhelekileyo ukuba istock market - yinto ubuqhetseba, kwaye iintengiselwano ngokuthenga kunye nokuthengiswa lwako akunakufane inzuzo. Noko ke, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, abaququzeleli yonaniselwano ngokhuselo, kuqala, unikezele kakhulu semthethweni ngokupheleleyo imicimbi enxulumene, anike indlela zesixhoboezifanelekileyo elubala enkulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuthetha nenkohliso apha ayikho imfuneko yoko, kodwa qiniseka ukuba badla iyakwazi umrhwebi abanobuchule kuphela. Ukuba utyala imali zabo ngokhuselo, uyazi ukuba kwimeko yokunciphisa yokufelwa iikowuteshini kunokwenzeka. Kwakunye ukuvela iingeniso uvalo ukuba inkampani bathenga izabelo kuvuka ixabiso.