Iqumrhu kwezoqoqosho ekulawuleni: inkcazelo, iintlobo kunye neempawu

abadlali koqoqosho abantu okanye amaqela asekuhlaleni inxaxheba kuphononongo yehlabathi kunye izinto zayo kwaye senze phezu kwabo besenza umsebenzi wabo. Babe: ngamnye, usapho, amaqela asekuhlaleni, amashishini, urhulumente njalo njalo. abadlali Economic ukwenza izigqibo, ukusebenzisa izakhono zabo, banoxanduva imiphumo yomsebenzi wabo. Cinga phambili Okukodwa zabo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Namhlanje, imisebenzi onke amaqumrhu kwezoqoqosho kakhulu ezithile. Oku kuxhomekeke kwindima abasenzela kwiimeko ezithile zembali, eyahluke ikheswa isalamane, ubukho iimodeli zokuziphatha obengo, ukuzimela imithetho emiselweyo. imithombo eziliqela ezikhoyo zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ebizwa arhente. Kule meko sithetha ngayo umbutho okanye umntu osebenza egameni nabani na, iindawo zoshishino, ukwenza izinto. imisebenzi ekhoyo lunikezelwa ngqo ngabalawulwa kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho. Kunye neempawu zayo, ke, isigqibo nkcukacha yomsebenzi wabo. Umzekelo, neliphulo loshishino (corporation, intsebenziswano) ubonelela imveliso ukulandela ukuphunyezwa kwayo kwimarike yemveliso ngenjongo zazihamba yengeniso. Ngako oko, kuba lisebenza njengeziko kwezoqoqosho kwezoqoqosho. Ngelo xesha kusenokuba kukho uluntu non-ngeniso. Banako bayaqhankqalaza kwimveliso impahla, kodwa ukutyiwa yabo. Ezi abaku yenkqubo yoqoqosho bakhonza njengamalungu lwecandelo non-emarikeni.

kwabendlu

Kuye ukukwazi ukwenza izigqibo malunga umgangatho nobungakanani nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo, imithombo yengeniso ukuthenga kubo. Amakhaya asebenze abaxhobisi kunye nabanini imiba yemveliso. Ezi ziquka:

• LezaBasebenzi.
• izibonelelo zemali.
• iifama Production.
• estate Real, umhlaba njalo njalo.

Umntu ngamnye abe kwikhaya ukuba uhlala yedwa kwaye kuthatha indawo, umzekelo, nemveliso / imveliso yezolimo (Mfama). Njengoko kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa ekuhlaleni, usapho njalo njalo. Eyona iphambili kulo mzekelo uya kwenza ukunakekela.

Okukodwa

Amakhaya, kwakunye nabanye abadlali kwezoqoqosho, asebenze zombini abathengisi kunye nabathengi. Ngokukodwa, yokurhweba imiba zemveliso abalusebenzisayo (abahlala). Kwindawo yokuqala, kulo mzekelo, bathengise ukukwazi ukusebenza. Ukongeza, ezi zifundo imisebenzi yezoqoqosho uyakwazi ukunika irente ezamahala eyinkunzi okanye impahla. Ngale ndlela, abangabancediyo nokubanceda. Kwingeniso efunyenwe yi-mali yekhaya abathengi. Njengoko ngenxa yenzuzo, njengoko umthetho, kufeza umvuzo. Yeyona ingeniso factor, xabiso lazo elo ke iyahluka, kuxhomekeke yokusebenza. Household isasaze inzuzo phakathi ugcino kunye nokusetyenziswa yangoku.

inkampani

Eli qumrhu kwezoqoqosho liqumrhu elisemthethweni, nsi indalo nokuveliswa kwezinto (iimveliso), usebenza kunye neenkonzo. Ngamanye amazwi, le nkampani ugqiba ukukhulula izinto ezithengiswayo ngokwesiseko ekuxhatshazweni kwezibonelelo ukuba xa ukulahlwa yayo, kwakunye ezithengwe kwi imiba emarikeni. Njengoko abathengi iinkonzo kunye neemveliso, ukudala inkampani, le mizi, urhulumente, nezinye iinkampani, kuquka phesheya. Umthombo le nkampani ithathwa ngokuba kwingeniso yayo. Oku kuquka imbuyekezo ukuba kukhululwe iindleko impahla, kunye inzuzo ngazo ukwenza eminye imisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

Iimpawu lweshishini

Iintlawulo zenziwa yi ukufumana imiba yemveliso, asebenze neendleko zayo. Kwangaxeshanye, bakha kwemali emvuzweni, inzala, iirenti, kunye nezinye izinto. Kwiimarike kwempahla eveliswe eli qumrhu kwezoqoqosho yenza isithembiso. Kulo mzekelo, esisebenza ngayo njengoko umthengisi iphuhlise umgaqo-nkqubo ethile amaxabiso ngokungqinelana kunye neemeko ezikhoyo. I inzuzo efunyanwa bumabumela, ngokuyinxenye zidluliselwe kurhulumente ngohlobo zabelo irhafu kutsalwa (kwi uhlobo lweshishini lombutho) ngohlobo izahlulo, kwakunye mayibhekiswe ukwanda kwemveliso (imali).

iintlawulo uwunikela

iziko ngalinye kwezoqoqosho kufuneka ahlawule irhafu. Iiplastiki ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. Eyokuqala ke irhafu ihlawulwa ngqo umholo. izityholo ngokungathanga zenziwa nkqu kwezo meko apho inkampani akafumani ingeniso. Bona ifakiwe leendleko zokuzivelisa. iirhafu esebenzayo, ingakumbi, iquka imisebenzi izithethe, VAT, imisebenzi ekhaya njalo njalo. Kulo mzekelo, urhulumente ubonelela izibonelelo ezithile kumashishini. Amashishini bangalufumana subvention, inkxaso-mali, mali. Ukusebenzisa ezi mali, uRhulumente uyawaphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo zoqoqosho ezijolise elawula imisebenzi lwamashishini ezikhoyo kweli lizwe.

ifomu ubunini

Kuxhomekeke kubo, ayikhuphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo leenkampani. ifomu ngamnye lisebenza njengesiseko kwakhiwe usapho okanye ishishini labucala. impahla Collective sizalwa ukuba uhlobo lwentsebenziswano, intsebenziswano, iinkampani (Ltd., PLC). Kukho iintlobo nomasipala. Bona uphawu non-ngeniso, ngamashishini ecalanye kunye imibutho (iimanyano, iziseko kunye nabanye).

wombuso

Kwakhona kuthathwa njenge-ofisi ezimeleyo kwezoqoqosho. Njengokuba inkalo ephambili izenzo zakhe ukuphuma imali. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa Central Bank. I-Central Bank, njengoko umbutho kawonke, nayo silawula enabela. Ukujika uRhulumente angaba umthengi nomthengisi. Emarikeni kwemiba yemveliso, iqumrhu kwezoqoqosho izuza zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze isikolo sisebenze kakuhle iziseko zayo. Ukwenza ngumthengisi okanye umnini-mhlaba, urhulumente othengisa okanye obonelela ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ezivelisa amashishini karhulumente-okwethutyana. Ukongeza, ukuba uqokelela iirhafu kwezinye abasebenzisi kwezoqoqosho, nokunika izibonelelo, iziqinisekiso, izibonelelo, uncediso-mali.

imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente

Ukwenza njengequmrhu ophambili elawula uqoqosho, amanyathelo urhulumente ingqalelo kuwo omabini amanqanaba amakhulu namancinci. nkqubo karhulumente kufuneka kugxile ukukhuliswa ntle yesizwe a luthande ukuba nomnyino umthamo. Njengenxenye microeconomics ahlalutye impembelelo karhulumente kwizifundo ezithile :. Abavelisi, abathengi, abathengisi, njl Kwinqanaba macro kuqikelelwa ifuthe ekwenyukeni kwamaxabiso, umsebenzi zoshishino, ukungaphangeli, njalo njalo.

Le misebenzi ingundoqo karhulumente

A Inani iimpawu ifezekiswe ngurhulumente, swi ekugcinweni kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho. Ezi ziquka, ngokukodwa:

1. Ukubonelela i-sikhokelo zolawulo kwaye ukuyilwa kwento bume lwentlalo negalelo ekusebenzeni ngendlela eyiyo emarikeni.
2. Ukukhuselwa wokhuphiswano.
3. Ukuqinisekisa nokunikezelwa kwengeniso kwakunye nobutyebi.
4. Ukuzinziswa imeko yezoqoqosho. Lo msebenzi kubandakanya esweni umgangatho yengqesho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukukhuthaza intsebenzo ukukhula.
5. Ukulungiswa ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo ukuze ukutshintsha ulwakhiwo lemveliso yesizwe.

Ukuzalisekiswa kwenkqubo karhulumente

Umsebenzi nokuqinisekisa-sikhokelo yolawulo kuqoqosho kwiimalike zoqoqosho isonjululwe sijonge ukusungulwa imithetho ethile yokuziphatha. Kufuneka ukhokelwe zonke kubavelisi yokusebenzisana abathengi. Ivunywe imithetho karhulumente enxulumene nokumisela izehlo amalungelo obunini, ulawulo nobudlelwane phakathi mveliso, ukwalelwa ngokuphunyezwa amayeza enkohliso kunye nemveliso. Xa amaxwebhu asemthethweni njengoko kumiselwe imigangatho zokuphawula, umgangatho imveliso, butyala ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imiqathango yesivumelwano njalo njalo.

isiphelo

Uzinzo urhulumente ephuhlisa nephumeza iinkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu, umisela ubuncinane umvuzo, nokungasebenzi. Urhulumente ulawula ngokungqongqo kwinqanaba kwamaxabiso, ukulungisa ukuba ukwandisa ingeniso kwezinye izigaba zabemi. Ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kunye nokhuphiswano simahla, ukudalwa iimeko apho bonke abadlali kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho wayeza kukwazi ukuze baphuhlise iitalente zabo - zithathwa ukuba umsebenzi ophambili kurhulumente. Kuba ukuphunyezwa zabo iphuhlise ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo. Ngelo xesha, urhulumente kufuneka ikhuthaze wemvula lwabiwo-mali. Ukuze wenze oku, wabeka irhafu ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezoqoqosho kunye nemali, urhulumente lilawula ukwabiwa yenzuzo ngokusebenzisa yokungenelela ngqo ngqo kwi ekusebenzeni ukwakhiwa kwemarike. Ngenxa inkqubo yerhafu ekhoyo, kwakunye ngenxa yenkcitho karhulumente ukhuseleko loluntu ngakumbi nangakumbi sengeniso yesizwe uthunywe evela kumalungu abazizityebi ngokwentelekiso Tyhila amahlwempu kakhulu. Noko ke, kule nkqubo, indima ephambili bobabo emizini kunye nakumashishini. Benza njengomthombo wesabelo mali. Abavelisi ukuvelisa iimveliso, zibonelela ngeenkonzo kwaye wenze umsebenzi, wokubonelela ngempahla kawonke kuyimfuneko.