Sretensky Monastery. Moscow Sretensky Monastery (ifoto)

Xa intliziyo iMoscow Sretensky Monastery ibekwe. Amasango awo zisingisele onke amaKristu Orthodox. Nabani na ukuya Sretensky Monastery, idilesi lula ukukhumbula: oko kubekwe phezu Bolshaya Lubyanka, inombolo 19s1.

Imbali ukuvela woonongendi

Kwakukho eMonastri ngo-1397, enkosi iziganeko umdla zembali olungqonge ukhuseleko oluvela kuThixo. Nangona eMoscow kusindiswa ngokungummangaliso umkhosi eliGorha of Tamerlane. Esi siganeko senzeke ngo-1395. Njengoko ingxelo ithi Khan Timur ingxokolo ukubola wafudukela ngaphesheya eRashiya, utshayelwe into esendleleni yayo. Ngaphambi kwaba eMoscow. Kuseza inkathazo enkulu, Grand Prince Vasily kunye Metropolitan uCyprian wayalela ukuba asihlangule Vladimir eMoscow i icon ngokungummangaliso nguMama kaThixo (Vladimir). Iintsuku ezilishumi ukuba i icon indlela, sikhatshwe imithandazo ekhala yabantu Russian, wema ngamadolo endleleni. E Moscow, badibana umfanekiselo Vladimir nguMama kaThixo nge-26 Agasti.

Nangona icon ayencokola wadibana Khan Tamerlane wayelele ententeni yakhe etyebileyo. Wabonakala ephupheni kuye umfazi othile, nto leyo Wayengqongwe umkhosi ezininzi iingelosi, bayingozi jonga kuYe. Xa Khan wavuka, wahlanganisa amadoda akhe waza wayalela ukuba achaze umbono wakhe. Nabo ke, wakwenza kwacaca ukuba unina waya Christian uThixo - le patroness abantu Russian ngamandla akhe. Khan kakhulu kangangokuba ukutyhilwa kwalo. nempi yakhe, ngoko nangoko wabuya ngaphambi kokuba eMoscow.

Muscovites kwimemori lo mmangaliso ukubeka ndawo Ukunikwa Vladimir Icon zeCawa. Kamva apha yakhiwe le Sretensky weemonki.

okuba khona

EMoscow ngaloo mihla kwakukho convents ezininzi zonqulo. Sretensky Monastery wayengekho phakathi athandwa kakhulu. Yena akwaziwa ukuba uqulukubhode ophezulu iprofayile ziimonki zokomoya, uhombiso weemonki wathobeka kakhulu. Ubomi lendela waqhubeka ngoxolo, ngokuzolileyo, ngokuthe ngcembe. Le isigodlo, Noko ke, ngokufuthi inxaxheba kwiziganeko zoluntu ixesha. Hayi indima Eyokugqibela edlalwa woonongendi ekuvaleni Troubles ukuba kwenzeka elikomkhulu kweminyaka 1611-1613. Ukuba ohlanga wathatha indawo ngenkxaso weemonki. Ngenxa yokuba indawo yayo woonongendi ubungqina lweTyuwa udlame ngo-1648, nto leyo eyaqala ezindongeni zasekuhlaleni. iziganeko Abanovuyo nazo zifumaneka kwingxelo yefosili. Ngowe-1552, kwaba apha ukuba Muscovites kubulisa amajoni abo ivela Kazan Win, woonongendi waba lingqina siganeko.

Moscow Sretensky isigodlo kwi Ixesha Romanovs

Eyokuqala i Romanov ubukhosi kunokuba ulinikwe Sretensky Monastery. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kuye uKumkani Theodore A .. Ngokufutshane waqhubeka wobukumkani bakhe, kodwa ke ngelo xesha woonongendi yachuma. Ngeli xesha, lwakwakhiwa yecawa, Ukuthiwa thaca ezukisiwe le Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, unanamhla nguye esindile bonke abanye. negalelo elikhulu efunyenwe ngaloo minyaka Sretensky Monastery, unqulo basebukhosini yenzeka apha ngokunjalo.

Kwinkulungwane XVIII woonongendi aqala ukuncipha. Izibonelelo oko kwaba umlilo 1737. Sretensky Monastery alikafiki ixesha ukuze umntu isiganeko kakhulu afana no-1737 uCatherine II wakhupha umyalelo, leyo wathi malunga secularization le imihlaba ibandla. Woonongendi yaba yephondo. Sretensky Monastery bahambe iimonki elinesine kuphela.

Kuphela ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane woonongendi baba ngcembe kuza ebomini, waqalisa ukuba kwakhiwe ezinye izakhiwo.

Bahlala ngexesha leMfazwe ka-1812

Imfazwe ngo-1812 bachaphazeleka kakhulu imeko Sretensky Monastery. Ulwazi olunomdla ukuba imfazwe Borodino kwenzeka ngaloo mini, xa besibhiyozela Ukunikwa Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Muscovites babona oku umqondiso elungileyo. Eminye ezenzekayo - kokurhoxa umkhosi Russian for eMoscow, ukubanjwa French kwikomkhulu yamandulo, ukusa kumkhamo othile, izanyazanyiswa amathemba abahlali, kodwa iziganeko ezilandelayo imfazwe kwaqinisa ukukholwa ku Orthodox. Sretensky Monastery ngexesha umlilo 1812 waba buhlungu. "Bechukunyiswe phezu 'ehlala amajoni French, bayiphanga yonke imilinganiselo ezivela ibandla. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba neemonki i Sretensky Monastery ala abagcini, loo ndawo yonqulo zange ayeke inkonzo, nkqu ngexesha lemfazwe. Emva koko, amakhulu eminyaka, woonongendi waba ngoxolo.

Ukufika kwamandla Soviet

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX Sretensky Monastery waba ohlayo ngokupheleleyo, nangona waba ubukhulu okulula. Ngowe-1907, woonongendi waba monki elinesine, umdikoni ezine, hieromonks ezintandathu. Kwixa elizayo woonongendi Sretensky kwafuneka basinda kuloo ntlungu.

Urhulumente waseSoviet ungaqalisa ukuba babeke imithetho yabo, ngoko nangoko wathabatha phezu Church. Umthetho 1918, ekhutshwe yi-CPC, uthi ukuba iCawe abazahlulayo evela kurhulumente, yaye nalo ulahlekelwa ubume iqumrhu elisemthethweni. Yonke impahla eyakhiwe yiCawa, waqala kwakucingwa ukuba abantu. Zonke izakhiwo senzelwe unqulo, waqalisa ukuba arhoxe ngokunceda kuluntu, weza apha izakhiwo, bonke camera emzimbeni. akazange Sretensky Monastery na ukusinda kule ngxaki. Ngowe-1922, bambamba Renovationists. imizimba baseburhulumenteni efanayo ixesha nkohlakalo woonongendi lonke kwipleyiti ibandla, ukuba naliphi na ixabiso: neempahla zonqulo, iminqamlezo isibingelelo, icons imivuzo, iincwadi lwezibophelelo anqabileyo.

Bayahlelwa elibuhlungu woonongendi

Ukwandisa traffic, kule minyaka 1927-30 amtshabalalise ezininzi izakhiwo weemonki. Oku kuquka itempile iSt Mary waseYiputa, lowo ingqalelo ukuba mdala eMoscow. Izinto ezisele emishini kuthunyelwa kumaziko ahlukeneyo enkcubeko kunye neemyuziyam. icon Endala "nokuphakanyiswa of the Cross" yanikwa myuziyam anti-zonqulo, ngoko yena waya Tretyakov Gallery, apho yena tu.

Izakhiwo isigodlo eziye basinda ukususela yokubhuqwa NKVD ibekwe ehostele. Kwiminyaka ye luloyiko kummandla woonongendi yangaphambili badutyulwa abantu abaninzi. Le ninjengamangcwaba angabonakaliyo, kwaye apha, baza bamngcwaba. Ngowe-1995, i-Sretensky Monastery wabekwa unqulo umnqamlezo xa kukhunjulwa wafela kule ndawo, wenza uBhishophu ngcwele Alexy.

Itempile oseleyo kuphela kwiminyaka 1958-1962 emva ukubuyiselwa kwalo bahlala Centre lobunzululwazi yokuvuselela.

Ukuvuselelwa woonongendi

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX, xa Russia ekugqibeleni baqalisa ukuvuselela isithethe ibandla, Cathedral le Ukunikwa Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo Church wadlula, kwathi ngo-1991. Ngowe-1994, yintsikelelo uBhishophu yakhe wobuNgcwele kwi kummandla Sretensky Monastery waqalisa ukuvuselela ubomi emishini. Abemi yokuqala kwakufuneka enze umsebenzi onzima ukubuyisela isigodlo.

, Ngo-2008 iphuhlise isicwangciso, apho kufuneka ngokutsha kanye eyayikhona kwintsimi ezikhumbuzo weemonki esakhiwe iicawa ezintsha, iiofisi. Esi sicwangciso kufuna ukuba isakhiwo kwesango ibandla kunye lokubhaptiza, i-Orthodox iziko lolutsha kwakunye amagumbi. izakhiwo ezikufutshane uphose eMonastri kunye nokuphuhlisa baphantsi lwezindlu yokuthintela, wasemsebenzini kunye refectory. Ukusuka Big Lubyanka ukwandisa indawo phantsi neesemina zoqeqesho wezindlu seminarians.

Ithe ayixabisa ukukhusela Sretensky Monastery. Idilesi yaziwa ukuba abaninzi amarhamente akhe, azivelele ungahlula zonke ukubenza, abathanda ubuhle wetempile, savuka anqule icon engcwele.

Ubomi woonongendi

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngenxa iimonki oko isenzo iphambili xikhongelo. ezinkonzweni Daily (kwexesha, emva kwexesha, Wasezinzulwini zobusuku). Nayiphi makhwelo seal wengingqi nebhongo yokuba indawo yabo yokuhlala na Sretensky Monastery. Inkonzo kuThixo apha intsingiselo esisiseko yobomi. Bonke apha intobelo okhethekileyo, wonke umntu into yabo: umntu osebenza egadini, umntu endlwini epapasha, abanye ukwenza imisebenzi. Xa sithelekisa nemeko woonongendi kwi 90 yaye ngoku, ungabona indlela emangalisayo umsebenzi, iinzame ityalwe kuphuculo weemonki. Seminarians nazo inxaxheba kubomi woonongendi, ningabevayo, khona iinkonzo.

choir iinkunzi Sretensky Monastery

choir eyindoda woonongendi sele ekho ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, umhla isiseko (1397). nokuphazamiseka Business kwenzeka kuphela iminyaka intshutshiso ngexesha ulawulo kulawulo eSoviet. Kutsha nje, ikwayara waqala ukufumana iimpawu zale mihla. Ngo-2005, i-Sretensky Monastery Choir wakhokelelwa ibamba, ogama lakhe Nikon Stepanovich waphila. Yena owaphumelela Gnesinka ukusuka ebuntwaneni bacule ekwayaleni kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra.

Isiseko wekwayala le Sretensky seminarians secawa, kwakunye babephumelele Theological Academy of eMoscow. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni ezo iimvumi Moscow Conservatory, le Moscow Academy of Choral Art, Gnesin Academy. Ikwayala ibandakanya abantu ezimashumi mathathu, oko kuquka soloists kuqala-class, uye arrangers zayo abaqambi.

Sretensky Choir ibamba iinkonzo rhoqo woonongendi. On kubalulekile ukucula unqulo kwesithethe kwi Moscow yesicelo. amalungu choir ukuhamba rhoqo ukuya kuhambo phantsi kwephiko Russian Church Orthodox. Yaba nkulu ezaziquka umculo engcwele, wenza iingoma, iingoma lemfazwe, zemveli Russian, Cossack, iingoma Ukrainian. Zonke iingoma ekwayaleni owenza original kuphela ukwinkqubo cappela.

isigodlo njengombingelelo

Sretensky Monastery vuma imi entliziyweni eMoscow, neendonga emhlophe, apho iithayile ebekiweyo. iingcango isigodlo zivulelwe zonke ulangazelela uxolo nenzolo. Abantu baya kwindawo kungekuphela nje apha enkonzweni, abaninzi kuza nje phakathi kwemini ephithizelayo. Ukuhlonipha Vladimir Icon ingcwele okanye izinto ezingcwele St. Hilarion, okwethutyana silibale malunga ingxokozelo yehlabathi. Inyaniso ukwazi: ngelixa ngaphandle kweendonga esoloko ndii Bolshaya Lubyanka, ngomhla ummandla woonongendi kuhlala uxolo olupheleleyo kunye nenzolo (okanye mhlawumbi kubonakala abatyeleli njalo). Ubomi lendela akuyondlwan 'iyanetha, yonke loo mini ukuthobela, kodwa amatyala zabo soloko abathobekileyo, hayi fussy, luncedo.