Siphethe anthropometry - it ... Anthropometry: ifakwa enkulisa

iindlela anthropometry - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, uluhlu lwemisebenzi yokulinganisa ukumisela ukungqinelana sophuhliso lomzimba yomntu ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo ye ngendlela esempilweni yobomi, ubukho imithambo eyaneleyo. ubuchule Anthropometric zisekelwe ikakhulu ngenxa iziphawuli morphological yokuqhubekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zamanani lwangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona iqela lezifundo ezijolise ekumiseleni parameters zangaphakathi amalungu kunye neenkqubo zomzimba yokusebenza.

Kutheni kufuneka ukuziphatha anthropometry?

Ukuxabisa abanye, sifun kutheni abantu zahluke enye kwenye kwi eziliqela iparameters yangaphandle. Isizathu sokuba umahluko iimpawu ayikho kuphela utyekelo yemfuza, kodwa kwimbono yehlabathi, iindlela zokucinga nesimilo.

ubukho Human ibandakanya iinkqubo ezilandelelanayo ngexesha nokwanda, ekubeni ukwaluphala. Development kunye nokukhula iinkqubo ngokufanayo zixhomekeke, ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo.

indlela anthropometry - sisixhobo esebenzayo ukujonga ukuthotyelwa nemigangatho ethile yemida ethile kwiminyaka ethile xesha kwabantu. Ngokusekelwe kule, injongo ephambili yale ndlela kuxhomekeke ekuchongeni iinkalo bobabini umntwana omdala umntu oqolileyo ngokwesondo.

Izimo izifundo anthropometric

flow oluqhubekayo iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni, ukuguqulwa lwamandla iya isiba sisiqinisekiso esichaphazela uphuhliso lweempawu. Njengoko indlela anthropometry ibonisa izinga utshintsho sekile, ubunzima bomzimba kunye nezinye iparameters ngamaxesha athile bengengabo twatse ukubunjwa kwabantu. Noko ke, oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kokubhenela kwi zophando lwezenzululwazi. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ngokwakhe pre-school, kunye ebudaleni.

Izalathi si zokunikwa ubunzima bomzimba, ukuphakama, ukwandisa umthamo iinxalenye ezithile olinganise zomzimba ziyinxalenye yenkqubo wabeka phantsi ngamnye kuthi kwasekuzalweni. Phambi kweemeko ezivumayo nezincomekayo kuphuhliso ephilayo, zonke ezi parameters zitshintshiwe ngolandelelwano ethile. Noko ke, zininzi izinto ezinokuthi asichaphazeli kuphela ukuhlukunyezwa ukulandelelana, kodwa kusenokukhokelela kwiinguqu lakho ngesimilo ezimbi. Kufanele ziphawuliwe:

1. iimeko zangaphandle - iimeko zentlalo bobukho, engafanelekanga uphuhliso intrauterine, ukunqongophala ukutya elungeleleneyo, ukusilela ukusebenza nenzolo, ubukho imikhwa emibi, iimeko zokusingqongileyo.
2. kwiimeko zangaphakathi - ubukho kwezifo, ilifa ezimbi.

Imithetho izifundo anthropometric

Isiseko indlela anthropometry - ingqokelela yophando lwenzululwazi nesilinganiso parameters zomzimba womntu, nesuka emva phakathi kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, xa oososayensi enomdla imithetho Ukwahluka ngamnye indicators anthropometric.

Ucinga data anthropometric, ezifana ubude umzimba nasemilenzeni, ingakumbi ukukhula, utshintsho ubunzima, utshintshwano iindawo circumferential omzimba, kukho amathuba imigangatho yovavanyo olubonakalayo uphuhliso emzimbeni womntu.

Siphethe anthropometry ivumela ukwenza ingcinga jikelele kwi kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni. Ezo izimvo ezifunyenwe ngethuba uphumezo ezininzi Ubukhulu ezingundoqo:

• ubude umzimba;
• komzimba;
• esifubeni zilingane.

Imigaqo anthropometry

iindlela anthropometry - somlinganiselo ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kulawulwa, iindlela yomlinganiselo iqinisekiswe. Apha, i zisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo umlinganiselo tape, isikali, meter ubude, dynamometer, njl

izifundo Anthropometric bakholisa lwenziwa ungatyanga kusasa. Kulo mzekelo, ezi zifundo kufuneka ovethe iingubo ekukhanyeni kunye nezihlangu. Ukuze uvavanyo anthropometric kwaba kufutshane kangangoko yokwenene, kufuneka umlinganiselo ngenyameko imithetho ukuthotyelwa.

Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa kungqinelwano eyimfuneko zophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni imimiselo ezithile - izinto ezibalulekileyo apho anthropometry. template Uphando kunceda ukuchonga ubungozi, iimpawu uphuhliso engaqhelekanga kwaye ubukho izifo ezithile. Ngoko ke, uvavanyo oluchanekileyo kweziphumo anthropometric inokuba negalelo ekusekweni esithumela ukugcina ubomi obusempilweni nophuhliso esempilweni.

Apha ngezantsi ithempleyithi anthropometry enkulisa:

Template kuhlale data kwi ibanjwa ngalinye iqela elithile enkulisa. Nazi iinkcukacha umntwana isithethi FI malunga iqela impilo, iinkcukacha ubude kunye namaxesha ngamnye.

Ukulinganiswa ubude bomzimba

Inkqubo iqhelekileyo ke anthropometry abantwana. Kuliwa kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni le lezixhobo oluntsonkothileyo lonke. Imilinganiselo parameters yokukhula babemile. Ngokuba lo Stadiometer ezizodwa kusebenza. Icebo isifundo obekwe kwi sayithi kunye umva ukuya kuma yokulinganisa kwimeko yendalo tye. Ukuze intloko somntwana ngaphandle kakhulu nokucofa isicelo bar isilayidi tyaba, ukuma ongqamana iqondo ethile olukwisikali yokulinganisa.

Kubalulekile ukuba anthropometry abantwana wenziwa kusasa, kuba semva kwemini ukukhula kwabantu, kwi-avareji kuncitshiswa yi malunga 1-2 cm. Xa ingcambu ye ziyenzeka ubukho ukudinwa yendalo, sinciphise kwezihlunu le yunithi, ngokulitywina omqolo cartilaginous, kwakunye flattening yonyawo ngenxa imithwalo ngexesha behamba.

Ngokwemiqathango ubude umzimba lubonakala inani ufuzo, umahluko ubudala kunye nesini, nemeko yobume bempilo yakhe. Ubude Ungafaka yomibini yobudala umntu zahluke kakhulu ukusuka nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, i ubude elingonelanga umzimba ngokungqinelana ezinamanqwanqwa ethile ebizwa dwarfism ubudala, yaye zimakishwe Ukukhula kwemfuneko - gigantism.

isikali mass

Anthropometry abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kunye nomlinganiselo ubunzima lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isikali ezizodwa umgangatho. Xa ukutenxa amanani kanye azikho ngaphezu kwama-50 yokulinganisa ubunzima Imposiso kuvumelekile kuthathwa ukuba babe

Xa kuthelekiswa ubude umzimba, izalathisi ubunzima abasakwazi ingazinzi kwaye ingahluka ngenxa eyahlukeneyo nemininzi. Umzekelo, umahluko phakathi ubunzima umntu avareji imini malunga 1-1.5 kg.

ukuzimisela Anthropometric of somatotype kwabantu

Kukho somatotypes ezahlukeneyo, esingethe umbandela inkcazelo anthropometry. Templates zezikolo cebetshu eziphakamileyo abancinane,, kuquka abo yobudala oqolileyo ukwaba mezosomatichesky, esasinokubonwa somatotypes ongatshintshiyo. Ngolwabiwo umntu omnye somatotypes bathi ayenza esekelwe kwi-mali amaxabiso scale kumlinganiselo ubunzima, ubude umzimba ojikeleyo kwesifuba.

Somatotype amaninzi igqiba anthropometry enkulisa. Kwaba sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, ungafumana iziphumo inokuthenjwa, leyo bahambelana iimpawu uhlobo oluthile lwesakhiwo komzimba. Ngoko, xa imali amanqaku ukuya ku-10 ngokungqinelana parameters ngentla lwesakhiwo omzimba womntwana ibhekisa kudidi ezincane. Ubungakanani amanqaku-11 ukuya kwi-15 ibonisa isakhiwo mezosomaticheskom. Ngako oko, awona manqaku aphezulu ka-16 ukuya ku-21 ubonisa isakhiwo umzimba uhlobo makrosomaticheskom lomntwana.

Ukumisela izinga ngokuvumelana

Balisani ezintlangeni zonke izifundo anthropometric uphuhliso evumelanayo ukwakheka komzimba yomntwana esekelwe kwiziphumo kunokuzuzwa kuphela xa izikhombisi umahluko ubunzima, isifuba achazwe ubude umzimba ingadluli umanyano. Ukuba umahluko avareji phakathi kwezi indices yi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kwimeko apho umzimba yomntwana ingqalelo kuphuhliso disharmonious.

Technique wezifundo anthropometric

Kungoku nje asetyenziswa kakhulu ayibobuchule elula awayenzayo anthropometry. Templates for enkulisa kunye namaziko emfundo lokuqala akuvumela wenze ngokukhawuleza izifundo ukuvelisa iziphumo sisiphoso kancinane.

ukufunda Ngokuqhelekileyo anthropometric ye ubume umntwana olwenziwa nabongikazi. Noko ke, njengoko kunjalo kunye nezinye iindlela zophando, ihambo anthropometry ufuna iimeko ezithile ithotyelwe, ubukho apho, kunye nezakhono ezizodwa eqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokunyaniseka iziphumo.

Iimeko eziphambili zezi anthropometry ngendlela echanekileyo:

• izifundo ngokutsho indlela efanayo kuzo zonke izifundo;
• ukubulawa imisebenzi yomlinganiselo ngumntu omnye ngokusebenzisa isiseko efanayo zobugcisa;
• liqhuba uphando ngexesha elinye kuzo zonke izifundo, umzekelo, kusasa ungatyanga;
• kwi zihlolwe kufuneka ubuncinane impahla (ngokuqhelekileyo wavumela ibhulukhwe ukukhanya okanye iimpahla yomqhaphu).

Ngenxa yoko,

izifundo Anthropometric zibaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi xa uzihlola abantwana, kuba kuvumela ixesha ukuchonga iipateni yomntwana zophuhliso ngokobudala ethile kunye neemfuno emzimbeni. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zophando anthropometric kunika uluvo nje malunga nophuhliso eziqhelekileyo parameters umzimba, kodwa unako isixelela ntoni Ekuthwaseni izifo ezithile.

Ngexesha uphando anthropometric kubalulekile ukuba silibale ngayo emhlabeni wonke amaxabiso parameters zomzimba. rhoqo kwenziwe kube kutshanje, uvavanyo zempilo umntwana ngenxa yokuthobela kunye nokukhula kunye nomzimba ubunzima tabular iimfuno. Noko ke, loo ndlela iingcambu ayilunganga. Ngokukodwa, iqela zinto lubonakala utshintsho elibukhali ubunzima emzimbeni, ezifana uhlobo umzimba, imfuza, njl .. Kungenxa yoko le nto akukho mfuneko ukwenza izigqibo isigqibo malunga nobume bempilo ngokusekelwe anthropometry, ngokuba ukuqinisekisa kuphela iimvavanyo ekhethekileyo okucingelwayo ezikhoyo, ijolise ekuchongeni isifo esithile.