ROC Yintoni le? Church Orthodox Russian

UbuKristu eRashiya waqalisa ekusasazeni ngenkulungwane IX. Le nkqubo iphenjelelwa ngamandla kakhulu ngenxa yokusondela kwaso ukuya uMbuso onamandla yaseByzantium, abantu abathi bangamaKristu. Ukuba awusingathe lo mbuzo: "ROC - oko kukuthi," lokuhlolisisa kancinane kwimbali Russia yamandulo, apho imisebenzi yemfundo nokuxubana ekuqaleni benza abashumayeli - abazalwana KIRILL I Mefody. Ubhaptizo lokuqala wathabatha Princess Olga of Kiev ngo-954. Esi siganeko negalelo ekubeni emva Kiev Prince Vladimir ngo-988, wabhaptizwa Rus.

Imbali yeCawa Orthodox Russian

Kwi-pre-Mongol ixesha Russian iCawa zemetropolis le baseConstantinople labefundisi, nalowo uyiyalelayo ombaxa yakhe kwanamaGrike. Noko ke, ngo-1051 etroneni yokuqala waba Russian Metropolitan Hilarion - nani zonqulo.

Imbali yeCawa Orthodox Russian ibonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo iicawa esikhulu eRashiya yaqala X ngenkulungwane, yaye ukususela kwinkulungwane XI azidalileyo uqoqosho lokuqala emishini.

Woonongendi lokuqala (Crypt), eyasungulwa St. Antoniy Pechersky, bazisa 1051 nxamnye neRashiya iAthos indela. Yaba liziko Orthodox eRashiya. Kwixa elizayo, ezi yoonongendi kungekhona nje amaziko zokomoya kodwa amaziko kwezenkcubeko nakwimfundo, ezibe iingxelo zembali, waguqulela iincwadi zakwalizwi yachuma iconography.

Ukudibanisa principalities

Ezibuza: "ROC - ntoni", kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kwisithuba eqhekekileyo feudal ka XII kwenkulungwane, iCawa Orthodox kuphela wahlala obizwa engundoqo ingcamango womanyano yabantu Russian, owakuchasayo ingxabano rhoqo kwi yenene.

Xa XIII Ngenkulungwane eRashiya wahlasela ingxokolo Tatar-Mongol, kodwa akaba nako ndimaphule Russian Church. Ngokuziphatha, ngokomoya nangokwenyama, yena negalelo ekudaleni umanyano Russian lwezopolitiko.

Ngenkulungwane XIV, waqalisa ukuhlanganisa malunga eMoscow ubulawuli Russian. hierarchs Great Russian waba nomncedisi yokomoya abathetheli eMoscow.

nabo ezinkulu

Metropolitan Alexy waba mentor of St. Prince nguDmitry Donskoy. Saint uYona, Metropolitan of eMoscow wanceda iNkosana eMoscow ekulondolozweni ukumanyana kwinkqubo karhulumente kunye nokupheliswa iimfazwe wobukhosi.

Orthodox Saint Sergiy Radonezhsky Sibusisiwe Kulikov emfazweni Dmitri Donskoy, le feat yaba ekuqaleni inkululeko zala mazwe Russian yi Mongols.

Akukho abaninzi iyamangalisa abanomdla isihloko "ROC - ntoni na?" Kwaye apha kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iCawa yobuOthodoki wanceda ekulondolozeni inkcubeko kunye ubuzwe yabantu Russian. Ngokomzekelo, xa kusakhiwa XIII kwinkulungwane yaqalwa Pochaev Lavra, utsho Orthodox kunye namazwe asentshona Russian.

Phakathi XIV ukuya phakathi kwenkulungwane XV eRashiya oko imiselwe ku-180 nezigodlo. A isiganeko ebalulekileyo yaba ekusekweni Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery ngo-1334 yi-nguMfundisi Saint uSergiyo of Radonezh. Le isigodlo iye isicelo italente yakhe emangalisayo UMfundisi Andrei Rublev.

Aftokefaliya. lwaba Orthodox Russian

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, urhulumente Russian baqalisa ukuzuza amandla balahle bahlaseli, yaye oku yaba namandla ngakumbi enamandla Orthodox e eRashiya. Ngenxa yokuqonda oko iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, kuza ukuqonda indima yayo enkulu kwimbali karhulumente.

Phambi kokuwa yoBukhosi baseByzantium ngo-1448, iCawa Russian yazimela ukusuka labefundisi kaConstantinople. Sahlangulwa Council of koobhishophu Russian, Metropolitan uYona waba Metropolitan of eMoscow All Russia.

Kwaye ngoku, ngo- 1589 , Job - Metropolitan of Moscow - uba uMphathi yokuqala eRashiya.

Kwinkulungwane XVII eRashiya yahlaselwa abahlaseli Polish-Swedish. Kodwa ibandla Russian apha yaye akazange anikezele. ngokuthanda Great Ubhishophu Ergemon ukholo bahlaseli, kodwa wayeyinkokeli yokomoya wamajoni ka Minin kunye Pozharsky.

Encwadini yeembali karhulumente Russian kwaye wachaza uxhathiso yobuqhawe Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra, izibonda kwaye balwa ngo-1608-1610 gg.

Okulandelayo ngomawokhulu, Nikon, ukwenza iinguqu, nto leyo kuqhekeka Russian Church Orthodox kwasekwa. Kwezi nguqulelo ziye zaqhubeka kwinkulungwane XVIII uPetros I. Ngowe-1700, emva kokufa uBhishophu Adrian, i nezo entsha yeCawa bayeka ukunyulwa, njengoko emiselwe oyiNgcwele loLawulo iBhunga lecawa, leyo elawula amagosa karhulumente ngo-1721. Yena kwaqhubeka malunga namakhulu amabini eminyaka ubudala yaye yingozi ROC.

nokubuyisa ngubhishophu

Ngowe-1917 wabizwa ngokuba All-Russian Church Council, apho labefundisi wabuyiselwa. UMphathi eMoscow All eRussia Metropolitan Moskovskiy Tihon.

Kodwa ke iiBolsheviks ingqalelo le ROC omnye umdlali ebabecinga, ngoko uxhomekeke intshabalalo.

Ukususela ngowe-1922 ukuya 1924, uBhishophu Tikhon wayephantsi ebanjiwe. Xa lenzeka Church Orthodox Russian aphesheya. Emva kokufa kwakhe, umzabalazo, yaye ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, Metropolitan uSergiyo (Stargorodsky).

ESoviet Union ukuba unqulo kwasala kuphela inani elincinane amabandla. Ubuninzi abefundisi badutyulwa okanye kule nkampu.

Ngexesha kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo ibandla liphela, kodwa yokulwa intlekele Stalin kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye ROC yokuziphatha inkxaso. Abefundisi kunye nabaveleli bekhululwa ezintolongweni.

Umthetho ufikelele le nkqubo, xa usolusapho wonyulwa ngo-1943 kwi-Council of Bishops - Metropolitan uSergiyo (Stargorodsky), kwaye ngo-1945 kwiBhunga Local - Metropolitan Alexy.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha Khrushchev xa iicawa ezininzi ziye zavalwa, yonke intshutshiso ibandla kwaphela kwixesha Brezhnev, kodwa ilawulwa ngokungqongqo ngabasemagunyeni. Lixesha nzima kakhulu, i ROC waba. Yintoni na ke ukusinda nentshutshiso, yena uyazi, yeha, kungekhona ngondiva, hi ndlela yo vava.

Moscow labefundisi

Ngowe-1988, ekubhiyozeleni Millennium ka-Russia, kwaye iye yaba sisiganeko esiyimbali yeCawa kunye norhulumente. zokubuyiselwa kwalungiswa amabandla. Okulandelayo aba oosolusapho Alexy mna, Pimen kunye Alexy II. Namhlanje, iBandla Orthodox mihla elikhokelwa uMphathi eMoscow All Russia KIRILL. Kula maxesha anzima ngayo emagxeni akhe kubeka umthwalo onzima - sikhangela iindlela Uvumelelaniso zonke izizwe Slavic. Ngapha koko, yaye kudala ROC.

EDayosisi Modern yeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, owasekwa ngo-1325, liye ngeenxa 1506 iitempile. Ngu mabandla nezigodlo wenqila engumnini 268 enzelwe. isakhiwo eDayosisi yahlulwe 48 deanery, nto leyo kuvuliwe kunye weemonki. Deanery zadityaniswa ngo 1153 kunye ukufika nezigodlo 24. Ukongeza, le yosisi has 3 edinovercheskie ukufika kuzo wathobeleni Uzizalise kOsenyangweni Metropolitan. Iqembu ngubhishophu Moscow eDayosisi zeCawa Orthodox Russian - Metropolitan Krutitsy kunye Kolomna Juvenal.