Reserve Sokhondinsky: imozulu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana

Enye yeendawo eziphambili eRussia Sokhondinsky Reserve, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi-South zamanzi. Oku kuyaphawuleka ukuba umoya ezikhethekileyo uhlobo zasendle kule ngingqi. reserve Sokhondinsky Trans-izimvu Territory ukulungiselela ukulondolozwa kunye nesifundo kweentlobo zikho, kwakunye ukukhusela ntsimi.

Iinjongo nemisebenzi ze egciniweyo

Iinjongo eziphambili egciniweyo zezi:

• ukhuselo kummandla efunekayo ikakhulu ukulondoloza nokunyusa inani lezilwanyana ezinqabileyo;
• isifundo endalo kunye nolawulo "Annals";
• esweni kokusingqongileyo ndawo;
• yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo;
• Uqeqesho oosonzululwazi ezintsha kunye neengcali kummandla wokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba inxalenye enkulu yommandla ngokoqobo hozhena umntu, indalo iye yaqinisekisa inkangeleko yayo yoqobo. bumsulwa umdla Sokhondinsky Reserve, akanako wathi ukuxelwa kwalo. Apha kwakhona kwakuvela imilambo emininzi transbaikalian enxulumene nezitya the Pacific kunye neelwandle Arctic.

Imbali emfutshane

Kukholelwa ukuba Sokhondinsky Reserve yasekwa ngo-1973. Ngowe-1772, phezu trout umlanjana Sokhondo waqabela Sokolov. Apho eziqokelelwe izityalo ezininzi wabayekela kwinzululwazi Russian. Oku kwamnceda ukuvula ezininzi kweentlobo ikho unique ukuya ndawo. Kamva idluliselwe herbarium for ukufunda Scientist IsiNgesi. Flora isebenzise Turchaninov, baqokelela ingqokelela yezinto ezixabisekileyo. Ngelishwa, amanqaku wemka kunye ne-World.

Ngowe ngo1856, kuba ukufundisisa izilwanyana kwi Isakare ngasekhohlo GI Radde. Wathi kuloo ndawo kwakukho iindawo eziphakamileyo-ephakame ezintandathu.

Ufundo zeAltai-Kyrinskoy nesitya Khentey-Chikoyskogo Highlands baxoxa Professor VI Smirnov. Wahlanganisa kakhulu herbarium enkulu, nto leyo kamva isuswe eSt Petersburg University yaye apho de ixesha lethu.

Ngowe-1914 isifundo enezityalo abenza PN Krylov and L.P.Sergievskaya, herbaria ndowanelisa ezintlwini Tomsk University.

UNESCO unika ubume egciniweyo "Biosphere Reserve" ngo-1985.

features Physiographic

Le bucala iquka Sokhondinsky, Balbasniyskuyu Sopkoyanskuyu kunye loaches. Le ndawo omkhulu. Sam Sokhondinsky massif linobude phantse-20 km, yaye ububanzi bayo ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-14. Le ndawo yonke ukwakweli kwimida ye-Highlands Henty-Chikoy. Le Isakare has iincopho ezimbini: ukuphakama Omkhulu (2500.5 meters) amaNcinane (2404 meters). Pass phakathi ntaba ku- 2000 iimitha ephakame. Xa inxalenye kumzantsi-ntshona massif yi Tsagan-Ula. Kwaye phezu reserve ngasentshonalanga Sokhondinsky erhangqwe Dzhermaltay-Ingodinsky ukudakumba, nto idume amanzi alo ezimbiwa.

sezulu

Imozulu e Sokhondinsky Reserve kabukhali yezwekazi. yasebusika elomileyo lesonka, kunye ikhephu kancinane. lobushushu January singu isusela ku-22 ° C 28 ° C, kuxhomekeke kokuwa. Nangona kunjalo, le eziphezulu ngokwabo ukufikelela thabatha 50 ° C.

Summer lifutshane kakhulu, kwaye nkqu na engumkhenkce kunye ikhephu enzima. Ubushushu ligcinwa dibanisa 14 ° C. nyanga edl '- Julayi. komndilili weqondo lobushushu Ngokubanzi - malunga thabatha 1.9 ° C. I-avareji imvula yonyaka iwela malunga 430 mm.

iimeko zemozulu abasakwazi kakhulu, kodwa uninzi enezityalo nezilwanyana bazive bekhululekile ngokupheleleyo. reserve Sokhondinsky eRashiya yenye bazizinhanha ezahlukeneyo izinto eziphilayo.

ezanyisayo

Yokuvelela Sokhondinsky reserve moya echongiweyo umahluko omkhulu kunye nobushushu, apho cell ukuba izixa ezikhulu enezityalo nezilwanyana. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana impungutye, Sable, ibhere elimdaka, unomatse, nembila, njl

Phakathi izilwanyana kakhulu umdla onokubonwa deer must laseSiberia. Oku izilwanyana ezincinane uphuphu-ayabulala, ngembonakalo efana nexhama. iimpawu uphawu lo mntu: a obukhulu omdaka okanye mdaka, iimpuphu ezingcakacileyo ezibukhali, akukho iimpondo, amadoda aso elide elibukhali phantsi iindevu, adanduluke, kwakunye amadlala esiswini ezibangela must. Home kwamaxhamakazi must i Sokhondinsky Reserve ezintle.

Uphi na yena? Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ummandla wolondolozo lwendalo ifumaneka kwi-Southern zamanzi. ESiberia must deer uphila ukuphakama kuyimitha 600-900. Ukutsiba silwanyana ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye iyakwazi utshintsho zibhabha umendo sentshukumo ° 90. Sidla ulele ezisentlabathini, iinaliti nompleyini fir nemisedare, horsetail kunye izityalo nezinye zokutya.

Kwi kwintsimi inokufumaneka ermine - a, esanyisayo encinane nokubanjiswa encinane musteline. ubunzima umzimba zonke parameter yayo ukusuka kuma-70 ukuya 260g. Uphethe intamo ende, intloko olunxantathu kunye neendlebe elincinane. umbala omhlophe kakhulu ebusika. Sidla beempuku ezincinane, kwaye akhethe ukuba uhlala wedwa. izilwanyana Plot delimit ulwelo leyo bekhululwe amadlala. Ermine uhlala becala imingxuma, kodwa yena akafuni ukumba kundikhohlile kubo, wakhetha ukuba singene indlu wabulala namabuzi. Irhamncwa nesibindi kakhulu kwaye begazi. Kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo, oko ihlasela kwaye umntu, nangona ubukhulu bayo.

Amarhamncwa kakhulu eyingozi kwi reserve beziingcuka ezibomvu, ziphantsi usapho canines. Umzimba isilwanyana kunye ubude elikhulu 76-110 cm. Weight 20 kg. Zinelungelo isicheme elifutshane, amehlo phezulu-set kunye neendlebe nkqo enkulu. Umbala obomvu nomsila omnyama. Siphila pack-5 ukuya ngabanye. In bokutya beempuku kwaye ezidla ezincinane. Nangona a umhlambi enkulu kuzingela kunye nabantu abaninzi. Ezidla aba ungalwi. Human iphetshwe. Ngenxa yobume ekhutshwe ngawo izandi zibizwa ngokuba "beziingcuka entabeni becula."

Ezi zilwanyana ezizodwa, ngelishwa, wawela Book oluBomvu. reserve Sokhondinsky likhaya leentlobo ngaphezulu kwe 10 izilwanyana zisemngciphekweni yokutshabalala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iindawo ezininzi intsimi zivaliwe ebantwini.

Ngaphandle kungasentla, siphawula kwakhona gophers, woodchucks, amabuzi kunye gerbils.

iintaka

Kukho iintsapho ezingaphezulu kwama-125 zeentaka. Abemi kwindawo hlathi izipho luthuthu kunye wenkukhu Iyeza lokubulala, engwevu-iinwele oatmeal, capercaillie, nesangxa, isikhova Scops Owl. Kwinxalenye weentaba hlathi inokufumaneka ptarmigan, kummango intaba, Accentor, bayotywe eSiberia, pika kunye nabanye. Kufutshane amachibi hlathi kakhulu iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka. Phakathi kwabo crane, nengwamza omnyama, omnyama-loon Grebe, pochard, coot et al.

fish

Wemifula uhlala imilambo namachibi empompoza amanzi abandayo. Ulwandle ivakale ilumeza. Ngenxa ixabiso yorhwebo enkulu eziseleyo units ngabantu, ukuze idweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu. Hucho - ngobukhulu salmonid iintlobo usapho. Kusenokuba iimitha ukuya ku-2, nobunzima ukuya ku-90 kg. Lubeka malunga 20,000 amaqanda ngexesha.

Omunye umhlali siku sisinkantazi amanzi. elide emzimbeni, bungqukuva, yokuxazulula zixinaniswe emiphethweni. Imibala umbala lomhlaba kunye neenguqu kunye nobudala. Iba esebenzayo njengoko amaqondo obushushu kuyancipha.

Kwakhona ibekwe kwindawo afumaneka grayling Arctic, okanye golovoshka rotan, Amur Pike kunye minnow.

izityalo

Le flora utyebile kakhulu kwaye imelwe kumathafa wasezintabeni, amahlathi amancinci-zodonga, ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo pine intaba. abameli 923 of semithambo ephakamileyo eyabhaliswayo. iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-71 izityalo kunye fungi kwi reserve esithathwe phantsi ukhuselo. Ngenxa izityalo, ezifana glandular emvula, gentian abandayo zmeegolovnika grandiflora, Rhodiola pinnatifid kunye chetyrohnadreznogo, amatswele odnobratstvennogo, rhododendron, imane emangalisa ngokwenene.

Gymnosperms amelwe eSiberia pine, nomsedare iinkuni elfin, fir eSiberia, wom lozhnokazatskim kunye nespruce laseSiberia. Ebekelwe bucala ibekwe kufuphi imithi ezinxulumene emahlathini - it Gmelin larch (Dahurian) kunye Siberian.

Ezirhubuluzayo nahambayo

Ezi ndidi izilwanyana ukuba zininzi gqitha. Sokhondinsky Reserve - ekhaya imbaleki bafaniswe copperhead zesiqhelo inyoka, i inyoka esiqhelekileyo, irhamba okuqhelekileyo necikilishe. Ezi ezirhubuluzayo ziye ingcambu kule reserve ngenxa kukumelana ukuba imozulu kokusingqongileyo.

Abameli izilwanyana amanzi nokuba ngaphantsi. Nangona kubekho amachibi kunye lukhulu, kodwa izilwanyana yayingabancedi kule udidi esiXhoseni. Apha kukho intulo kuphela eSiberia, Siberia kunye namasele YamaSilamsi. Ezi ntlobo ezintathu luhlu ediniwe.

Indlela ukuya myezo?

WoKhanketho, akazange watyelela Sokhondinsky Reserve, indlela apho, mhlawumbi akazi. Kuba oku kukho iindlela zokhenketho ezikhethekileyo. Qalisa ise kwilali Kyra. Le ubude bomgaqo ixhomekeke kwinqanaba yaye batyelela iindawo: ukusuka km 3 ukuya 80 km. ukunyuka intaba Enkulu singathatha iveki.

Eyona ndlela idumileyo ubizwa ngokuba "umzila Pallas". Nguye kanye iyafana discoverer bomgaqo Sokolova. Lo mzila kufuneka uye iintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye ubude balo ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-70. Kuthathela nisin egaya Sokhondo esezintabeni. Ngeli xesha, abahambi uyakwazi ukubona zonke ezinezinga utshintsho intaba kunye nobungangamsha kweyantlukwano enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Abakhenkethi ukumthanda lo mzila Sokhondinsky reserve Trans-zamanzi Territory. Iifoto kunye nemifanekiso yezi ndawo nje obumangalisayo ntlobo yayo bala. Imikhondo iindwendwe - oku yinxalenye encinane kuphela wonke ummandla kulo myezo. Kukho kwakhona iindawo apho ufikelelo ukuyithenga. Oku kubangelwa Ngenjongo yokuphepha, njengoko izilwanyana ezinqabileyo awekho kwaye ngaphantsi, uze uzigcine - umsebenzi wonke.

Ukuba unayo umnqweno ukutyelela ndawo enhle kunye iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo, amaholo e Sokhondinsky Reserve - isisombululo efanelekileyo. Akukho namnye unako ahlale imkhathaze mthetho.