Replevin kunye ibango negatory: umahluko ophambili

Ezimbini iintlobo izenzo (kunye nobulungisa negatory) zizinto ezibalulekileyo umthetho wobukhaya. Ngoncedo lwe impahla yabo likhuselwe. Nangona ngokubanzi imisebenzi kula maziko ziyafana, phakathi kwabo kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano, ngaphandle ulwazi apho kunzima ukunika inkqubo yenkundla yalo naliphi na ilizwe, kuquka naseRashiya.

umahluko key

Ngokwemveli replevin kwaye negatory ibango kubangela ukudideka ngenxa ukufana ibonakale. Enyanisweni, kukho ezahlukene phakathi kwabo. Abameli Negatory kunokwenzeka kuphela xa into kwi ilifa yomnini. Kwimeko mfuno kulwelwa akunjalo. Loo ibango kusetyenziswa xa kungekho nto kweli ilifa umniniyo, kwaye liphethwe umntu akanalungelo kuyo.

Kukho nezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo ezahlula iikhonsepthi amabini kufuphi. Replevin kunye ibango negatory kufuneka iinjongo ezahlukeneyo (kuyimfuneko negatory, gxebe, ukukhusela amagunya ukusetyenziswa kunokuba ukukhusela amagunya obunini). Umba wesithathu ayikho ngaphantsi izigqibo. Xa negatornogo bathi akukho ngummiselo ukulinganiselwa, nto leyo ithetha ukuba akukho kagqirha akakwazi ukuthintela ulwaneliseko lwakhe (elwela ibango iintsilelo yiminyaka-3).

Amanqaku amabango kulwelwa

Kulwelwa uthathwa isimangalo unpossessed umnini kwenye non-umnikazi anawo. Igama iingcambu Latin. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba bonke kileyo mihla wabonakala kubulelwe amandulo komthetho wamaRoma. Latin ibinzana vím dicere linokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "ukubhengeza ukusebenzisa amandla."

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba replevin kunye negatory isimangalo zisebenza ngokulinganayo kukhuseleko lomthetho kweendlela wezindlu. Lo mbono uye iwonga somthetho okhethekileyo. Replevin zinganikezelwa ukuba nawuphi na umnini efunekayo izinto, ngaphandle kokuba umnini kwi ulwalamano zezivumelwano.

Kukho ezinye nemida ayinakutshintshwa ngokwenkcukacha Code Civil. Ngoko ke, elwela zingasetyenziswa kuphela ngokunxulumene ukhuseleko ngokwasemzimbeni yezinto. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ukusuka kumnini ethile. Kungenjalo replevin kuya mayaziwe ezingenamsebenzi. Ukuba into ilahlekile okanye satshatyalaliswa, umnini unelungelo lokubanga umonakalo.

iisuti kulwelwa beshumayela indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi onke amayeza yoluntu amalungelo obunini yoluntu. Ukuziqhelisa egwebayo, ukuba Iimbopheleleko ngaphantsi oqhelekileyo iimfuno ezisemthethweni, nto leyo akuthinteli kuzo ekudlaleni indima ebalulekileyo zemfundo zokuthintela. Ngoncedo esi sixhobo buso inviolability ye langasese, zikamasipala kunye nempahla karhulumente. Replevin enza kuphela into ngabanye, ukuze xa imbambano ibandakanya izinto ezininzi ezifanayo, kufuneka usebenzise ibango zophuculo sikweni.

Ukukhusela amalungelo empahla

iintlobo ezizizo yamabango (negatory, ukungqinelwa) kufuneka injongo kunye nobume eziye yaphuhliswa isiko esekwe ngumthetho wamaRoma. umthetho Russian kule ngqiqo kakhulu ezahlukene kwezinye iinkqubo Western. Kwamandulo replevin ekujongwe ukukhusela amalungelo umnini ngokunxulumene izifundo ngokubethwa - izinto yinto iparameters ecacileyo. Isiko iye yagcinwa. Ngoko ke namhlanje replevin awusebenzi izabelo kunye nezinye izinto nomoya.

Naziphi na iintlobo amabango (negatory, ukungqinelwa) anelisekile kuphela kwimeko ubungqina obuphathekayo. Ukuba ipropati kuqulathwe sisaziso sothotyelo eso, njengoko enjalo, inokufana sisicatshulwa esithathwe kwirejista karhulumente. Ngale ndlela, kwa oko kungqinelwa kunye amabango negatory RB (Republic of Belarus) kungekho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka Russian.

A icala - kwakhona impahla, nto leyo eye yaba negalelo kwinkunzi charter indlela yentsebenziswano okanye weshishini. Kwimeko enjalo inkundla isekelwe phezu imithetho embalwa ezongezelelweyo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba igalelo - nto ukufunyanwa ukulwa.

John noRichard nebhadi

replevin Uninzi kunye isuti negatory ayashiyana utoliko ngubani na ukumangalela kwaye kuzo. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, amaqela amabini. Abameli ongumphathi vendikatsionnom unpossessed (a status ezibe umntu unelungelo kwipropati, kodwa eneneni la nto ngokwayo kwi ipropati). iimfuno mmangali: ungummi weli, umzimba okanye iziko enxulumene Russian Federation. Kwakhona babe amaziko karhulumente kunye namashishini.

Ophendulayo yaba umnikazi propati mthethweni njengomphambukeli. Iimfuno Ummangali yokusombulula le ntswela va ezisesikweni kanye yemicimbi. Usebenzisa ilungelo lakhe lobunini. Replevin, isuti negatory kwaye ezinye iindlela zokukhusela ezabo izinto entendelezweni kwakufuneka indlela oluphucukileyo ukungqina ityala labo. Kakade ke, ummangali kwakuza kufuneka ukunika iingxoxo wakhetha oko unelungelo kwipropati (ulawulo lokusebenza, ubunini kwezoqoqosho). Ukuba angabonisa ukuba ummangalelwa ngokungekho igcina ipropati yomnye umntu, ngoko ke inkundla iya kubuya umba iphikiswayo.

Ubunini emva lungamkeleki

Iimfuno ezisebenza nezizathu ukuvela bobunini nto (okanye isihloko zomthetho), elasekwa kuwiso-mthetho. Olu daba lunikezelwa kwiSahluko 14 i-Civil Code, ezafumana igama iimpawu "Ukufunyanwa amalungelo obunini." Ukuziqhelisa, amaxesha amaninzi loo isiseko uba intengiselwano enxulumene nokuchithwa impahla. Inxulunyaniswa iingxabano eziliqela zomthetho. Inkundla badla impikiswano nokuba inkundla ucinga ukuba ukungqinelwa ibango, uqinisekise wihi wo yingisela. Le nkalo mba zonke ngakumbi ukuba ummangalelwa ukuze abuyisele ukungabikho amalungelo obunini ummangali.

Umba kunye wihi intengiselwano kufuneka zisekelwe iimpawu ngamnye yengxabano. INkundla iya kuhlala i injongo kuphela ukuba indlela kwimeko ethile iya kugxininisa iimeko ezizodwa inkqubo elandelayo. Kuyanceda ukhula ngaphandle kokuba lommangali bafaka icala, esazi malunga akalutho deal yakhe. Ukuba yinyaniso onjalo kusaguneka zisungulwe, isigqibo senziwe egameni lommangalelwa. Oku kungqinwa afeze, abatshabalalise eyamkelekileyo nokubekwa zamabango (uthi ubulungisa kunye iseti negatory ezahlukeneyo yobunzima kunye bokuqonda, kodwa, sikhokelwa umthetho, inkundla nokuba khangela kwingxoxo impikiswano).

isimo yommangalelwa

Ngokutsho imithetho, ngaphandle imicimbi, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokufumana ilungelo kwipropati (oku kube ngokulandelelana, ilifa njalo njalo. D.). Kuyo nayiphi na yezi meko, umfaki-sicelo kufuneka eze namaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ekunene ipropati kuye kwavela emva ukuthenga izinto wenkundla kufuneka isivumelwano yokuthengisa.

Ukuba izinto bebangisana zibe lilifa ummangalelwa, kodwa ixesha walahleka kubo enkundleni, yena ufumana iwonga ummangalelwa entsha engafanelekanga. Kulo mzekelo, ibango enganeliswa. Kwakhona, kwezinye iimeko, ummangalelwa ufumana iwonga yomnini yesazela. Inkundla enze isigqibo esinjalo, ukuba wayengazi ukuba izinto UMKHUPHELI wayengenalo ilungelo ukulahla kulo, kwaye nabani na ukunika okanye athengise. Le uyinikezelwayo uyayiqonda ngokungalingani kuphela xa wenza ngokungqinelana ngenjongo okanye ukungakhathali gross. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, inkundla limisela isimo lommangalelwa ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezineengongoma ezinobunyaniso.

Ukufunwa izinto

In zomthetho Ukungakhathali isigama sahlulwe baberhabaxa kwaye elula. Xa inkundla ifumanisa ukuba okanye hayi umntu wesithathu wenza aphume injongo mthetho, usoloko isekelwe phezu ngokukhukhumala ukholo ezilungileyo uyinikezelwayo (i uyinikezelwayo na priori njengento ezinyanisekileyo kude kuze kube ngenye indlela).

Ngelo xesha kukho ezimbalwa caveats ebalulekileyo. Okokuqala, umnini ibango ngokusemthethweni ipropati ukusuka umthengi bona fide phantsi kwazo naziphi iimeko ukuba uthe wathenga into umntu ongambethe ilungelo zilahlwe kuyo simahla. imithetho athile kuchaziwe kwi-Code Civil ukuba imali nezibambiso. Le mali kakhulu ekunokurhwetywa. Ngenxa yoko, kwindawo yesibini, abanako kwakhona ukusuka umthengi olungalunganga kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko. kuvela imeko malunga kwimeko lokuyifumana ukulwa impahla ezivela umntu ongambethe ilungelo ukulahlekelwa kuyo. Kule meko, phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko, umnini unakho ukufuna izinto zabo.

nesizathu sesenzo

elwela Ngokuxhomekeke yebango - ukubuya kwepropati ukusuka uhlobo mthethweni zobumnini. Le amagama awusho ugcino. Ngoko ke, ukuba ummangali uza ukufumana enye ipropati elilingana okanye ufuna imbuyekezo ngemali, oko kuyimfuneko ukukhusela izilangazelelo yayo kwezinye iindlela (umzekelo, malunga umonakalo obangelwe ibango).

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa umbandela - ukuba asingabo bonke. Isuti kwakhona luquka isiseko kunye namacala. Yintoni ubuntu babo? Isizathu sokukholelwa iimeko apho ummangali ucela inkundla ukukhusela amalungelo abo. Kulo mzekelo, umnini kufuneka icacise kwingxelo ulawulo lomthetho, apho ibona kufanelekile ukuba ukusombulula ingxabano. Kodwa ke, ukongezelela ngasentla, kwaye ufuna ingcaciso iimeko oluyinyaniso ityala, ekubeni ngaphandle kwabo kuya kusebenza yonke indlela kwezomthetho. Hand - oku ummangalelwa kunye nommangali.

babekwa negatory

Ngo komthetho wamaRoma, oko kungqinelwa kunye namabango negatornogo na iintlobo amabango uhlobo lobunikazi. Ngoko ke sihlala unanamhla. isimangalo Negatory (ukusuka kwisiLatini lithetha "ephikisa") lisetyenziswa xa umnini engumnini wepropati, kodwa ngenxa yeemeko ezithile kunzima ukuyisebenzisa. Isizathu sokuba le ntswela kwi izenzo yommangalelwa. Ithi umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kulwelwa kunye negatornogo amabango zisetyenziselwa injongo enye, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukileyo.

Ubunzima lokufikelela kwipropati ezisemthethweni kusoloko ekubiyeni isakhiwo phezu komhlaba, ngenxa apho isabelo eyaphukileyo ezikufutshane ukhanyiso elanga. Kwakhona unako ukukhonza umzekelo ukufakela ibhilibhodi equka olungaphambili kunye neefestile zokuhlala zokuhlala nje.

Ngokutsho nqaku 304 ze-Civil Code of the Russian Federation, umnini unelungelo ukuphelisa komgomo ezinjalo. Ukuqulunqwa ithiyori Ilula yaye icacile, kodwa xa kusenziwa lokuphelisa mbambano kuba nzima kakhulu. Okokugqibela kodwa okunga kuncinananga oku kungenxa ezingachanekanga kumagama imithetho.

Ikhosi yeengxoxo

Yintoni replevin umahluko kunye ibango negatory? Imizekelo kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba kwimeko yokuqala, umnini ovinjwa ipropati, ngoxa owesibini obambelela kuko, kodwa ayikwazi ukuthatha ngokupheleleyo ithuba ngenxa yokungakhathali yomnye umntu. Amaninzi ukuxabana ezinxulumene kunye namabango negatornogo, kuchaphazela abamelwane ulwalamano (iziza ilizwe, amagumbi njalo njalo. D.). Ubukhulu becala ezi iimbambano kuphela kunye nezivumelwano ngomlomo. Noko ke, xa amamelwane bathi izinto ezingadibaniyo, ukuba ungaya enkundleni. Kulo mzekelo, kuya kufuneka uzilungiselele ukunikela ubungqina umsulwa.

Isifundo iingxoxo phambi kwenkundla kwaye inokuba ingxolo ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuba buphazamisana kubalimi, kuya kufuneka ukuba ukukhusela amalungelo impahla. Kulwelwa kunye negatory iisuti ifanele kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo (kule meko ke kuyimfuneko negatory). Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba Western eYurophu ngoncedo yale ndlela ukumangalela nokuba iinkampani moya. Kulo mzekelo, abamangalelwa zona ngokubanzi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule imbuyekezo okanye indlela yokwakha udonga eku ingxolo. Ngokubanzi, njengoko amalungiselelo neeyantlukwano negatornogo nokuthethelelwa amabango kwiRiphabliki of Belarus (Belarus).

babekwa engavumi

Non-ukwamkelwa umnini wesakhiwo bakhe abalindi, ugesi - izizathu ezi zimbini kuba negatornogo isimangalo. Ukongeza, ngoncedo lwe olwaba olwagqithayo ngokwemiqathango ebanjiwe lommangali impahla yayo. Kule kukhanya, kubalulekile ukuqaphela enye imfanelo esohlukanisa negatory kunye replevin (umahluko phakathi kwabo Ihlala yokuba isenzo aluvumelekanga negatory). Umongo lo msebenzi kuxhomekeke yokuba ummangalelwa ningenzi kuphela ukuphelisa uphazamiso, kodwa ukuthintela ukuba kwixesha elizayo. Kwimeko ukubanjwa ingasetyenziswa njengako negatory kunye replevin (kwimeko yokuqala, ukuba ipropati lihlala ilifa zomnini propati, yaye okwesibini, ukuba sele bambamba). Isicelo enkundleni nangaliphi na ixesha.

I-Code Civil nangoku zisonjululwe umbuzo ukuba kunokwenzeka kwaye xa ufuna ukubanga inyathelo negatory kwimeko apho kukho ubungozi yomnini ukusetyenziswa uphazamiseko wepropati. Umzekelo meko: esi sakhiwo sele ezingekakhiwa, kodwa ummelwane sele uqalile umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Kucacile ukuba ulwakhiwo icandelo osecaleni ukuthintela elihlala livelile, amaxhoba isivuno iholide njalo njalo. D. Kuba Kwiimeko ezinjalo, wasinika isimangalo pre-kwinjongp, kodwa alibhekisi negatornogo isuti kunye tort.

komlinganiselo yezenzo

Nangona kwakukho amabango Ibango kunye negatory e umthetho waseRoma, kwinkulungwane xxi, nazo ziye thile zatshintsha. Ngokubanzi, aba lutshintsho azezi awohluke yomthetho ngamazwe mihla. Umzekelo, kwi negatornogo imfuneko awusebenzi ezingummiselo ukulinganiselwa.

Olu phawu kungenxa yokuba esi senzo senzelwe ukuba ayeke iintanda luyaqhubeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba lo gama ukuhlukunyezwa okuqhubekayo kwamalungelo umnini, ukuze isibheno enkundleni, nokuba xa kophulwa sele iqalile. Ngelo xesha, kwa oko kungqinelwa lokuncitshiswa ibango izenzo inikwe (oko kukuthi iminyaka emi-3).