Renaissance inkcubeko: umculo nobugcisa

Inkcubeko le Renaissance waba lifana Central naseNtshona Yurophu ebudeni bexesha phakathi 14 kunye ngenkulungwane ye-16. Ngeli xesha lo mfanekiso ihlabathi itshintshe kakhulu ngokupheleleyo: eyifumanayo indawo zobuntu. isiko elisekelwe le Renaissance wayeza kudala. Kungenxa yokuba oku lifana kwexesha ukuvuselela isithethe kwehlabathi lamandulo, kwathiwa ngokuba Renaissance okanye Renaissance.

Emva kwenkulungwane ye-13, ubuciko nto iyinqaba ezibonisa umntu ngokubanzi (ifom yabantu sasetyenziswa kuphela xa bebhala ii icon), nto imele kuphela ubudlelwane babantu uThixo, yaye iifom abstract. Architecture njengoko ixesha luphawulwa izinto Gothic kunye incorporeity.

Kodwa ekuqaleni zobugcisa kwenkulungwane ye-14 iqala ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo: N. pisano Ukutshintsha uhlobo izakhiwo, kwaye igcisa Giotto di Bondone waqalisa ukuba ubhale imizobo isimbo esitsha ngokupheleleyo:-ntathu, ngakumbi oludlamkileyo, okuchwayitha, zinjalo, kunye iithagethi ezicacileyo meko.

Ekupheleni lwenkcubeko ngenkulungwane ye-15 Renaissance ifikelele incopho yayo: abazobi abaninzi basebenza uhlobo entsha, usebenzisa lo gama kwiinzame zichaza le "ndoda efanelekileyo". I-Architecture ngokupheleleyo uyayeka ukuba usebenzise indlela Gothic - endaweni naye uza Classic, olusekelwe phezu ukulingana kunye eseleyo.

Xa sincokola ngqo malunga ukupeyinta, kufuneka wathi inkcubeko yokuluka le Renaissance wahlulwe izihlandlo ezininzi: Ekuqaleni, High, waza emva koko Northern Renaissance.

Umzekelo ezaziwa inkcubeko art Early Renaissance na ipateni re Batticheli. canvases ezifana "Ukuzalwa Venus," "isijwili, 'yaye' Spring", akazange nje igama womzobi ongafiyo, kodwa waba ngomnye amalinge lokuqala oluphemeleleyo ezibonisa ubuhle umzimba womntu.

Kuba High Renaissance umfanekiso bokuhlala umntu ivumelane ne simahla, uhlobo efanelekileyo. Ngegcisa elinye liphambili ixesha uLeonardo da Vinci - kunye negama abaninzi abantu bakhe inxibelelanisa inkcubeko le Renaissance.

igcisa brilliant, imvumi, ngokomakhi, anatomist, nomkroli, injineli, imbongi, imboni - sonke sikwazi ukuthetha ngayo. Uninzi Umzobo wakhe, kodwa ingabi fyabo zisetyenziswa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kwaye twisiseka uMona Lisa Iyandonwabisa ekuyileni abaninzi unanamhla.

Kuba uphawu ongasekhoyo Renaissance, banomkhwa, echaphazela kuphela Venice. Eli thuba ukuze kubizwa ixesha inkcubeko ukuhla.

I-Northern Renaissance wetu ezinxulumene ngasekupheleni Gothic. Artists eyona ibalaseleyo kweli thuba zilandelayo: Hans Baldung, Ieronim Boskh, Hans Holbein, Pieter Bruegel and Jan van Eyck.

Inkcubeko lomculo weli Renaissance kwaye ngexesha elifanayo enxulumene ubugcisa kumaXesha Aphakathi, yaye yahlukile kulo. E Italy, ngexesha Renaissance, ukuma phambili nangoku loluka amaculo ecaweni, kodwa sele eqala ukuphuhlisa polyphonic ukucula, leyo kuvunyelwa ukuba nzima umculo, ukubenza ngokweemvakalelo engaqhelekanga.

The Netherlands bakwazi ukuphuhlisa kakhulu izithethe zabo zomculo, ekudaleni polyphonic esikolweni. Kwaba kulaba abaqeqeshiweyo iimvumi ezisencinane Dutch nje kuphela, kodwa IsiNgesi, izithethe French kunye Italian.

E France, sahlawula ingqalelo umculo, hayi nje kuphela kweli uhlobo lomculo ecaweni, kodwa ngohlobo polyphonic ingoma wempangelo ebizwa Rap.

ERoma, njengoko eNetherlands, eyasekwayo polyphonic esikolweni. Le peculiarity yesiko zomculo baseRoma iye yaba umculo kwaye upholile itekisi, ecacileyo.

E Venice, ezo zililo baba iluhlaza yaye Noluyolo ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kodwa eNgilani wazuza izilwanyana ezincinane ithandwa kakhulu Ukuqamba zomculo.