Red emathafeni amatakane eemazi: iimpawu, iifoto, ingakumbi lweenkomo

Red emathafeni iimazi uhlobo zobisi indlela uchazwa njengomnye the best lalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Izilwanyana ziqhelana ngokugqibeleleyo nemozulu olulophu zone emathafeni. Njengoko inani hlobo imfuyo ehlabathini kwaye ikota yesibini kummandla Ukraine naseRashiya. Iimazi yale uhlobo inokufumaneka Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, eCaucasus.

indaba

nkinga imbali yokuzalela emva kwinkulungwane ye-18 kodwa. Nangona emaqeleni enkulu enkulu okutyisa imfuyo ukuba singapheli kakhulu, kodwa imveliso eliphantsi. Ezigxile - ke kwimimandla ekumzantsi Ukraine, ngakumbi ncam, indawo Zaporozhye. Kuyinto fanekisela ukuba olu hlobo wazalwa ngomhla ngasechwebeni imilambo yobisi.

Ukwandisa izivuno uphoswe-igazi izilwanyana eliphezulu evelisa ezifunekayo. Iinkomo Red emathafeni hlobo (ifoto kwi okubhaliweyo) na imvelaphi impikiswano. Iingcali avumelana elinye kuphela - kwindalo inxaxheba iinkomo ecdemic. Kukho imibono eziliqela malunga nemvelaphi:

• nqubo isicelo kwaye bawele lokuzala Ukrainian nesalfure iintlobo bangaboniyo abaninzi Omkhulu (zombini local) ninengqwebo German ebomvu;
• luhlobo oyinzalelwane lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo engange-150 eyadlulayo yaye baqamba "kolonistskoy ebomvu" okanye "isiJamani Red", igama awayifumana ngayo - abanikazi kufika German;
• ke kwasemnqamlezweni phakathi kweegusha eSwitzerland Franconian;
• oko umnqamlezo phakathi kwezinye izilwanyana - kunye tronderskoy angelnskoy;
• a complex ziyazalana iinkomo zasekuhlaleni ezingwevu Ukrainian kunye ostfrizslyandskoy ebomvu kuqala, uze emva koko omnye kunye angelnskoy, vilstermarshskoy kunye nezinye iintlobo aseYurophu.

kwisiphumo kwenkulungwane ye-19 ekuqaleni uluhlu ngokwaneleyo labemi yohlobo olunye exutywe "a". Hlobo yabhaliswa ngo-1923, kwaqalisa ukukhula kwiifama ukufuya ye-USSR. Red emathafeni hlobo eenkomo ku Kazakhstan, eUkraine, eRashiya, Belarus, inani imfuyo ayikho ngaphantsi kwindawo yesithathu.

yokuza-

Indalo kunye nophuhliso olungaphezulu eendidi yomsebenzi onzima. Oku kuhlangene kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho kurhulumente, kwaye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo yembali. Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle neenkomo emathafeni ebomvu uhlobo. Ingakumbi ezizalayo kumanqanaba zokuqala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• akhethwa ngenxa yokuvelisa ubisi;
• ngononophelo izilwanyana ngezizathu siseko ezikhethiweyo;
• emva kokuzalwa amathole yathathwa kunye neemazi razdaivali ngaphandle lebhokhwe;
• zizwe aqinisekiswa ikhonkco olusondeleyo phakathi kwimveliso kunye nesambatho (oko kwakucingwa ukuba iimazi umbala obomvu kubomvu-mdaka kwaye unike izivuno ezinkulu), kunye iinkomo ezikhethiweyo kwaye nkqu phezu kwesi siseko.

Isiphumo elide (iminyaka engaphezu kwama-100) ukukhetha kwemiqathango ethile zemozulu kube iqela uhlobo indalo emathafeni iimazi ehla zobisi isuti ebomvu kunye umphandle iimpawu kunye nemveliso eliphezulu.

iinkqubo Ukusenga ngoomatshini Mass ezifunekayo ukuphucula imfuyo ngokwemiqathango ebekiweyo shape kombele kwaye zinongezele ungeniselo nobisi. Xa 60s zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini iimazi emathafeni ezibomvu egubungele iinkunzi Angler. Ukhetho yezi zilwanyana ayikho ngengozi;

• Okokuqala, namawa genetics usapho;
• okwesibini, ibenodidi efanayo ukutya;
• nowesithathu, babe kwicala efanayo imveliso;
• yenyanga yesine, abantu Angler babe ubisi eliphezulu, ipesenti enkulu umxholo amafutha ubisi, ngakumbi ubunzima bomzimba, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - kwaguqulwa engcono kumatshini yokusenga.

Kwixesha elizayo, amatye bathimba igazi uphose-Danish. Xa hybrids ezintathu-nemvelaphi yakhe ye-90 wamnika isivuno ukuya kutsho ezine ezinesiqingatha iwaka iilitha zobisi ezinomthamo ngamanqatha 3,82%. Hayi indima lokugqibela ukuyilwa imbonakalo yanamhlanje ngayo izilwanyana badlale Holsteins. uhlobo nganye oshiye uphawu wayo:

• iinkomo emathafeni Red - unyamezelo bhetyebhetye kwiimeko yamabanjwa;
• Angler - nezimo kombele kunye ipesenti ephezulu mafutha;
• "Danes" - ukusetyenziswa elide-emi kunye nezivuno phezulu;
• Holsteins - a ubunzima bomzimba elikhulu, ukuphuculwa imilo udumbe yimidlalo kumatshini yokusenga.

feature

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izilwanyana ziphakathi kakhulu eUkraine, eRussia Kazakhstan. Yintoni i-Red emathafeni iinkomo uhlobo? phawu:

• yakhulela kwiinkulungwane 18-19 kwi Ukraine;
• uhlobo kwemveliso - ubisi;
• emzimba owomileyo, umgaqo-siseko womelele;
• iinkunzi baphile ubunzima - 900 kg, iinkomo - 400-500 kg;
• ubunzima namathole ngexesha lokuzalwa: ezingekazali - 27-30 kg, iinkunzi - 35-40 kg;
• avareji isivuno iliwa - 3 500-4 000 kg (Plemreproductor - 4 500-6 000 kg), kunye nomxholo otyebileyo-3.5%;
• ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho - 4,74 zisanyisa;
• ufikelela amantshontsho kweminyanka ukuya kweenyanga ezili-18, kunye ubunzima bawo 320-350 kg.

ukuvelisa

Red emathafeni iinkomo uhlobo kuba isivuno ubisi uthathwa okulungileyo. Ubangela Ibanga isivuno ubisi avareji ukususela 3500 ukuya 4000 kg ubisi. kwiifama nokuzalana ukuba amazinga aphezulu: kuyimfuneko kwi-avareji ukusukela ku-4000 ukuya 5000 kg, rekordistki bayakwazi ukuya ku amawaka alishumi iilitha zobisi, isiqulatho okunamafutha kuba ukuya kwi-5%.

Izivuno kuxhomekeka kumgangatho amadlelo kunye nexesha lonyaka amadlelo. Iziphumo engcono ukuphumeza kwindawo emathafeni. Izilwanyana otyebileyo iminyaka emithathu ngumntu obhinqileyo linye ukufumana inzala ezine. Umda phakathi kwamathole ingaphezulu kancinci nje konyaka (iintsuku 380). Ukuthintela adubule ukusuka ezingekazali-40 ukuya kwezingama-60.

Meat umgangatho amatakane asezantsi, ukubulawa hoxa ayidluli-50%. Xa ekujoliswe ngokuzityebisa amathole isalathisi ukwanda isivuno inyama, kodwa kancinci kakhulu. izilwanyana skeleton iveni, izihlunu ephuhliswe kakuhle. Ukuze ukhule inyama yeemazi ayikho inzuzo kwezoqoqosho.

ingaphandle

Gumbini iimpawu zangaphandle uphawu izilwanyana zobisi iye iinkomo emathafeni uhlobo ebomvu. Inkcazo yangaphandle;

• iyabuna ukuphakama - 127-132 cm;
• esifubeni ububanzi -183-190 cm;
• ubude elibhalwe ngokumileyo - 154-160 cm;
• metacarpus - 18-19 cm;
• umbala obomvu ukukhanya cherry elimnyama, elinemibala emhlophe avumeleke;
• izihlunu ngokwaneleyo;
• umzimba emboxo, evuthelweyo;
• entanyeni owomileyo, elimxinwa;
• ukukhanya intloko, side kancinane;
• ngasemva inde kwaye ziindlela ezigudileyo;
• iinyawo enamandla, owomileyo;
• esifubeni emxinwa, enzulu;
• Ibele naphakathi glandular.

ukunakekela

Red emathafeni iimazi uhlobo yi ruggedness ezahlukeneyo kukhubazeko ezikhawulezayo iimeko zokusingqongileyo. izilwanyana:

• minyaka. Ukhetho best - amadlelo simahla emadlelweni. Indawo - kwiikhilomitha ezi-2 ukusuka efama. Bona baxhotyiswa ezo kunye yamanzi. Amaxesha amaninzi benza kwinkampu ezisand, kunye amanqaku yokusenga.
• ixesha Winter-esibayeni. Izilwanyana zigcinwa azivuni stanchion okanye lwezindlu evakalala. Imiqathango kufuneka athobele zoogigieny.
• Ukondla. Idlelo efunekayo ukuze abone ukuba izilwanyana kufuneka ukutya ngokwaneleyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, izityalo iingcambu ukutya kunye nezilwanyana feed. Winter saleli isisekelo - hay, isondlo idityaniswe, udiza ezisetyenziswa silage (akukho ngaphezu kwe-25% yabo ekutyeni), Iingcambu, kwaye ngokuyimfuneko ziquka kunye neeminerali wefula nje iindaba zimnandi.
• Uthintelo izifo. Ugonyo kwizifo ezosulelayo.
• Care. Ngamaxesha athile isuswe ezingcolisekileyo uboya isilwanyana, zonke emibeleni Ukusenga ahlambe ngocoselelo phambi kokuba enze ixesha amadlelo zokuthena iimpondo neempuphu.

iimpawu

Izilwanyana yale hlobo kwaye ziqulathe lemizi yasefama yobuqu kwisithuba lalisakuba yiSoviet. Kuyinto zithandwa ingakumbi kwimimandla emathafeni ka Ukraine kunye Kazakhstan kwi zeAltai, kumazantsi eRashiya. Red emathafeni iinkomo uhlobo (reviews of abanini sinikele ingqalelo kuyo) liyahlonyelwa singapheli kakhulu kwaye kakuhle ukuze zisebenze kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. amele ngokukhuselekileyo ihlobo owomileyo kunye nemozulu eshushu.

igxininise iimpawu amatakane:

• okukwazi enamandla igcina izilwanyana sisibetho yokufama yobisi - wegazi;
• zokungaqheli rapid;
• bulula umxholo;
• unyamezelo kakhulu;
• Ukuphendula kakuhle ekuphuculeni lwezindlu nokondla;
• phezulu lesondlo kunye ukungcamla ubisi.

Ukususela amagama bamandulo, namhlanje ezikhoyo eweni, ungenza kuzigweba iqondo baduma amatakane: Ukrainian Kuban, Kazakh, West Siberian, kulundayskoe (zeAltai).

amarekhodi

Xa iimazi amashumi-rekordistok nje ezimbalwa abhaliswa-ngenkulungwane kwisiqingatha zokugqibela kunye kwiziphawuli:

• lokwaphusa ngaphezu 10 000 kg iinjongo -14 nganye;
• 9000-9999 kg lokwaphusa nganye - 32 entloko.

Umxholo fat Ubisi ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 3,69%. Isambuku izityalo ukuvelisa imfuyo ikhule eUkraine kunye Kazakhstan. Ingaqhelekanga kumakhaya loo emihlambini yeemazi zobisi inqanaba isivuno 6000 kg. Red iimazi emathafeni uhlobo inama rekordistkami emangalisayo:

• Storm 6070:

- isivuno - 10 170 kg;

- mafutha - 4.0%;

- Agriculture - ifama "umlweli yesigaba", indawo Zaporozhye, Ukraine.

• Murashka 8890:

- isivuno - 10 497 kg;

- mafutha - 4,05%;

- Agriculture - Plant lokuzala. LaseKirov, ummandla Kherson, Ukraine.

• isicelo 1910

- isivuno - kg-11 ukuya kwi-100;

- mafutha - 4,02%;

- yokulima - lokuvelisa izityalo "North-Lubinsky", eOmsk Region, eRashiya.

• Cloudberries 201:

- ibhate -12.426 kg;

- mafutha - 3,82%;

- Agriculture - Plant lokuvelisa "Karaganda", ummandla Karaganda, Kazakhstan.