Photographer School ntoni umngxuma nesantya shutter?

Ukuze ufumane i kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye ezintle ukusuka kwindawo yokuluka lwembono, iifoto, ngokwaneleyo ukuze ufumane SLR ikhamera ebizayo. Buza nayiphi photographer pro, waza waqinisekisa ukuba ukufunda zonke nezo yokujongana iteknoloji kwakufuneka ngenyanga ngaphezu kwesinye. Kweli nqaku nye zonke bokuqonda usebenzisa ikhamera azinakwenzeka. Kuba isiqalo baya kwanela ukujongana yeekota ezimbini - umngxuma nesantya shutter.

Yintoni uvalo? Indlela yokusebenzisa ngayo?

Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'diaphragma "imela" hlulo ". Wena ukhe weva - lens ezahlukeneyo babe imbobo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaye awugqithe izixa ezahlukeneyo lokukhanya. Enyanisweni, uvalo - isixhobo olawula sangqa emngxunyeni ngalo ukukhanya ingena matrix (a ukukhanya-sensitive camera element). Oku kuchazwa njengoko umlinganiselo imbobo sangqa emngxunyeni lens umgama focal. Ukuze ubonise ixabiso beso kusetyenziswa Latin incwadi F.

Ngokuguqula ixabiso F ku- nye, siye utshintsho oluphindwe-2 ubungakanani bokukhanya wajula isizalo kwaye ukutshintsha ixabiso index ku 1.4. Amaxabiso Standard F aphakathi 1.0 no-32.

Lens nge imbobo enkulu ingasetyenziswa yokuthatha imifanekiso yokuhambisa izinto, abantu kunye nezilwanyana, aqokele - ukudala imifanekiso ezintle ezinomtsalane kumagumbi ngokwamanakanibe kuvutha ixesha emnyama. Neendlela ezahlukeneyo ubukhulu iikhamera beso na adjustable usihla kwimenyu isixhobo, okanye ngokusebenzisa amakhonkco emzimbeni lwecamera kunye lens.

Ukongeza zonke isantya beso kunye shutter ngentla elungiswe kwenza kube lula ukufumana indlela olifunayo ububanzi befildi (DOF). AMANDLA ubonisa indlela ngokucacileyo ikhangeleka ngathi indawo engqonge ugqaliselo kwento. Ukuba isithuba ixabiso f / 1.8 macala iya kuba norhatyazo ngaphezu, umzekelo, xa f / 22.

imbobo Vula nge amancinci uvelisa imizekelo ebalaseleyo nokufota macro. Naye, kunye ezinkulu umngxuma lokuvula uba emxinwa, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane umfanekiso ngokucacileyo elungileyo kuzo zonke iinqwelo-moya, kubandakanywa kwisiqalo. Ngoko uvalo ska nekucetyiswa ukuba kudutyulwe iifoto landscape.

Yintoni isantya shutter nendlela ukuqwalasela kakuhle?

Imbobo nesantya shutter zenza ekuthiwa ekspoparu, ekubeni kungenxa kubo umiselwa umfanekiso sesichengeni. Ngokwawo, isantya shutter ubude bexesha apho imitha yokukhanya angene ngenxa beso ezichazwe yi-matrix. ukulibaziseka libalwa imizuzwana namaqhezu lemizuzwana - 1/30, 1/125, 2 "5 (imizuzwana 2.5), 10" (imizuzwana 10), njl

Kukho izinto ezifana nonyamezelo elifutshane elide. Isantya shutter olukhawulezayo iyilungele ngokwemiqathango ezihamba izifundo. Kukho kwakhona "umthetho yegolide" kokukhetha ngesantya ngokupheleleyo shutter - kufuneka bulingane ngqo ukuya ubude. Ukuba umgama na, nithi, 80 mm, akukho mfuneko ukubeka isantya shutter elide ngaphezu 1/80 yomzuzwana. exposure kuphinda kunokubangela uphazamiseko, kunye nomfanekiso iziphene ngenxa intshukumo yekhamera ngokwayo.

exposure Long kufota amaninzi kusetyenziselwa komhlaba (kuquka ubusuku). Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yesibini kubhetele ukuba kusetyenziswe enemilenze emithathu kunye lens fast. Ngakumbi ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela, ungasebenzisa ulawulo kude endaweni amaqhosha njengesiqhelo emzimbeni lwecamera.

Imbobo kunye isithombe isantya - isiseko kuqamba. Ngokutsha kwabo kakuhle, nkqu ikhamera elula, ungenza yobuciko ngokwenene.