Pskov imbali nqaba kunye nohlaziyo

Emantla-ntshona eRashiya yolula indawo enkulu, ukususela ngenkulungwane XI, okhankanywe yeembali njengoko Pskov ukubusa. Ukususela ngaloo mihla, xa wakhawulwa, ndomelezeka, ubomi rough, kwagqitywa ekubeni Somrhaqa zokuhlala iindonga okuqinileyo. Yoko kwathi ngokuba imizi yawo, yaye apho waba udonga enamandla ngokukhethekileyo - iinqaba. Abanye babo wahlala kuphela ye-CD, kodwa Wozisibekekisa kummandla Pskov, nto leyo ukusinda kwada yanamhlanje, kwaye kunjalo namhla ezikhumbuzo zobungangamela xesha lakhe.

Ukuzalwa umzi-inqaba

Eyona inkulu kakhulu-yaziwa kakuhle zokuzifaka apha kweli lizwe uyinqaba Pskov, ogama iifoto ingabonwa kwinqaku. Umhla ngqo weenceke zakhe kwindawo olucwangcisiweyo ekudibaneni Enkulu kunye Pskov ayaziwa. Kwakhona ongekho imbali kunye neminyaka isiseko nesixeko ngokwaso. Kodwa ke ukukhankanywa abhalwe kuqala edibana ngayo kunyaka 903. In "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" Nestor umkhumbuzi, ezichaza kumtshato Prince Igor, ingxelo ukuba umfazi wakhe wamsa "Pskov".

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nqaba Pskov wakhula, kunye Ivan abangcangcazelisi (ngenkulungwane XVI) sijongwa njengenye inkulu yaye inamandla eRashiya, kwakhelwa kwanjengayo imithetho zokuzifaka apha. Gcobisa ngexesha ilinganiselwe ngokwakhe Pskov, eRashiya waba umzi yesithathu, emva eMoscow kuphela Novgorod. Ukususela amaxwebhu kwaloo minyaka bayazi ukuba xa kukho baba ngamashumi amane convents kunye iicawa irhamente ezininzi kwisithili yakhe.

akamsalisela kungenakugqithwa

Ekuqaleni Pskov nqaba ejikelezwe yi iindonga somthi zombumbi, izakhiwo ngqo kwi imigodi isambuku. Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIII, ngokunxulumene ekuqaleni Mongol lokuhlasela, ukuba indawo ilitye, yaye xa iinkulungwane ezimbini ziye zanda indima zokudubula, nogunyaziso ezinde ezine elinesibini.

Ummandla le nqaba iikhilomitha ngaphezu ezimbini isikwere yaye singqongwe iibhanti ezintlanu ngeendonga waba km ubude ezilithoba elinesine isango slotted. inqaba kungenakugqithwa udonga inqaba kwakhona kubonelelwa, kunye nokusebenza kwe - izicatshulwa ezininzi komhlaba.

isisombululo Wonder

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inqaba Pskov yayakhiwe ngokusekelwe nobuchwepheshe obuphambili ngelo xesha. neendonga zayo ezinde zazakhiwe iibhloko yilimestone, abe eqiniselweendlwini, ingakumbi lime elide, ukuba siyithethe imfihlelo leyo kugcinwa ziyimfihlo. Namhla siyazi ukuba ikalika ayizuze iminyaka emininzi wadamba emihadini ezizodwa, yaye ngoko etyhutyha kuchaziwe ngqo, ugalelwe isanti.

Umphumo waba isisombululo Umatshini, andilahlekwanga iimpawu zabo emva kwamakhulu amahlanu. amandla eyongezelelweyo uwanika izakhiwo daka engaphandle, ubuchule yokusebenza yayo ezifana ukutyabeka mihla, kodwa wenza i zisebenziseke ngakumbi.

Stone inqaba ibhanti

Undoqo Pskov inqaba - zintathu Ongcwele Cathedral kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane Veche - embi eludongeni lokuqala omzimba, ebizwa Detinets okanye Krom (yesicelo). Yeyona ndawo zindala inqaba. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane XI.

Udonga inqaba yesibini, ebizwa ngalo igama anempembelelo Dovmont Pskov Prince Dovmont, indawo engqonge ukuba ibandakanyiwe yesicelo namhlanje. Kwinkulungwane XIII ngayo wagcinwa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo, uninzi zazo zamatye, kangangokuba neziseko zazo ziye wazihluba ngexesha ngabembi bezinto.

Wall iMeya Boris

Njengoko kudla yenzeka kwimbali imizi ngeenxa zonke iindonga phantsi nokukhuselwa kwabo amatyotyombe lakhula ngokukhawuleza, apho imibutho iilali wobugcisa kunye nendawo emarikeni. Babebizwa ndatyala, kwaye njengokuba beya bekhula kwaye ukhuselwe imigca kwiinqaba.

Ngale njongo, olwesithathu wakha udonga inqaba, ezafumana igama lomnye lwabasunguli ekwakhiweni kwayo, - iMeya Boris. Yaba isakhiwo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu, ngaphandle yavalwa sisihogo esinzulu. Lo mmandla Kweza phantsi ukhuselo wayo, wabizwa ngokuba "zastene", yaye ekugqibeleni kongezwa eli gama elithi 'endala. "

Walls, yagqitywa ukwakhiwa enqabeni

Olu donga wema kwada phakathi kwenkulungwane XV, emva koko sachithwa inxalenye enkulu, njengoko abantu bomzi likhule elo xesha, kunye nokhuseleko lwalo kwafuneka ukuba ukwakha enye kumgca we kwiinqaba. Esi sakhiwo entsha - Wall phakathi komzi (yesine emgceni), sakhiwa ngokunxuseneyo ukuya engaphambili - Wall usodolophu Boris nabo bonke kwafakwa endaweni yakhe yaziwa ngokuba "New Zastenem". Ku ngokuphepha ezikhuselweyo Pskov inqaba kwaye ukusuka Pskovy River. Apha, yahlanganisa udonga, ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa apho busuka emva kunyaka 1404.

Ke ekugqibeleni, nowokugqibela - ikhonkco sesihlanu zilikhusi - yakhiwa ngendlela yokuba ngaphakathi kwaba kuphela inxalenye enkulu yesixeko, kodwa oko kuyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu Pskov lomlambo. Ngenxa Pskov inqaba, imbali apho ngelo xesha yayiquka phantse ezintlanu iinkulungwane, yaba phantse ingafikeleleki kutshaba. abavikeli zayo na umnwe okanye yindlala, abayi kunxanwa, ekubeni umlambo wawanika intlanzi kunye namanzi.

End of ukulwa enqaba indlela

Yinkalo yokugqibela zokwakha elikhutheleyo inqaba yawa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII xa ngokwemiyalelo Peter I of ngokungxama ukulungele yayo Enkulu Northern War. Ngexesha le minyaka a lot of redoubts yakhiwe ze outworks ezahlukeneyo.

Ngelishwa, ukwakhiwa kwazo kudla wenziwe ngeendleko izakhiwo ezindala, njengokuba kunye nokunqongophala zokwakha iitempile awamphatha neenqaba. Emva ngokungena 1721 iSivumelwano Nystad, eyaphelela imfazwe kunye Sweden, Pskov kwinqaba iShushan ezilahlekileyo intsingiselo yalo yomkhosi yaye ekugqibeleni waya ukwehla.

Nqaba, yajika yaba isakhiwo museum

Ngexesha amahlanu kunye gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yi iLeningrad Hermitage kwi Pskov inqaba zaye ngabembi bezinto kunye nemisebenzi nokubuyiselwa yenziwe. Namhlanje Pskov kunye enqabeni yawo ziphakathi zawo ezingqongileyo kubakhenkethi kakhulu ethandwa.

The, yaseYurophu ngokwenene, umgangatho ophezulu wenkonzo kubakhenkethi qhalo amangeniso baseleyo kwincwadi kulala imyuziyam-Reserve, kwakunye phezu websites abanini nguye. Kuninzi kubo kukho wekhondo kunye erudition ngokubanzi abakhokela ukhenketho. Enkosi kubo, iindwendwe bakwazi cwaka ubungqina imbali yeli lizwe lethu, elinye lamaziko eziphambili abalunikelwayo kwakanye Pskov.

Ukuphonononga ngokwenu nizele nazaliswa nombulelo inkathalelo mani athathiweyo malunga amaqela abo Utyelelo kumaziko kwimbali Pskov nobukhulu bayo wawungapheleliselwanga ngenye imini. Zokulenza eyanikezwayo yi hotel uyahlangabezana migangatho iphezulu, kwaye zathuthwa le bhasi zanamhlanje bekhululekile.

Izborsk inqaba (kummandla Pskov)

Ukuqhubeka ukuthetha malunga iinqaba endala yommandla Pskov, singasathethi enqabeni, ulwakhiwo oludityaniswe isiseko lomzi Izborsk, ngokutsho abaphandi lilungu kwinkulungwane VII-VIII. Xa kwamakhulu amathathu kamva, iye ikhule ibe liziko enkulu zorhwebo kunye unokwakhela, iindonga inqaba ngomthi zombumbi kwafakwa ngamatye.

Izborsk inqaba (kummandla Pskov) ubone kakhulu ebomini bam, lukhulu uwile kwisabelo yalo amaphepha ezibuhlungu. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIII kabini yathinjwa kartel waseJamani, kunye lokugqibela drive ngaphandle wanceda kuphela uloyiso Aleksandra Nevskogo iphumelele ngakubo 1242 e Lake Peipus.

Kwinkulungwane kamva, i abavikeli bangamaqhawe sixhathisa singqingiwe njalo ke kartel Livonian, kwaye ngo-1367 wawagxotha amaJamani evela kweendonga zawo, bezama ukungena umzi ngoncedo ekulweni zeegusha. Ngexesha Ixesha Iingxaki, le nqaba kungenakugqithwa ukuba nabaphumi-igosa Lithuanian Aleksandra Lisovskogo, kodwa emva kokuphela Northern iMfazwe, yena, ezifana udade wabo, Pskov, isabalulekile emkhosini yaye ngokuthe ngcembe wawa azisalungiseki.

oyinqaba Kapor

Enye lesikhumbuzo umdla zakhiwo aphakathi Uyalwa ise ukwesona (kummandla Pskov). Le nqaba, ibekwe esixekweni kwaye ebizwa ngegama lakhe, eyakhiwe kartel yoMyalelo Livonian ngo-1237, kodwa emva kweminyaka emine kokuba kwawona amajoni Alexander Nevsky. Yena amaxesha amaninzi kutshatyalaliswa kwaye yakhiwe. Ixesha lokuqala kwathi ngo-1282 ngenxa yemvukelo nxamnye umthetheli Novgorod nguDmitry Alexandrovich, owayezama ukufihla kubo ngaphaya kweendonga.

Emva koko, uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo babekade bengamabanjwa balwa, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha bafika emva ezandleni iinkosi zabo zangaphambili. Umnini yokugqibela enqabeni yaba ibalulekileyo Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, abafumana njengesipho esivela uPetros I. Noko ke, ukufa umxhasi kwakhe emva akathweswa sithsaba, wawela kukucukucezwa, le nqaba yayihluthiwe, waza waya zobuncwane.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinqaba Russian, Kapor zange awukabuyi, kwaye zange kwenziwe umsebenzi wokubuyisela nommandla wayo. Ngenxa yoko, le nqaba ngoku yayikumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu, kodwa ke, kwelinye icala, ngokutsho abagxeki, kunokwenzeka ukuba abhalwe ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni ukuba neempawu ezininzi ngezakhiwo.