Plexus Umhlaza womlomo amasebe awo: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka kunye nokubaluleka plexus wesibeleko. amasebe awo eziqhutywa yinxalenye kwizihlunu nokuphefumla nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa reference umsebenzi izihlunu entanyeni. Ngoko ke, lo ngezifo le plexus wesibeleko wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunokulungiswa.

nokwakheka

plexus wesibeleko nesithandwa kunye ezintsonkothileyo akhiwa amasebe phambi iingcambu-luvo nomqolo wesibeleko eliphezulu. amasebe awo zincediswe kaloliwe ezintathu arcuate interconnecting zikhondo ezenza plexus.

Eminye imithombo adibanisa ngayo kunye emagxeni kuqulethe isiqingatha esezantsi iingcambu-luvo wesibeleko kunye thoracic ezimbini eliphezulu. Kule mithombo ekhankanywe cervico-brachial plexus eziquka luvo spinal amacandelo wesibeleko spinal, kwaye imithambo ezimbini eliphezulu thoracic lialio.

ukwakheka

Ulwazi isimo se le plexus wesibeleko kunceda ukuqonda zeziphi iimeko zonyango kukhokelela le kwekhono esineengcambu zawo. Ukuze iingcali, olu lwazi lubaluleke kuba, ukwazi ezayo le plexus, kulula ukunqanda ifuthe elibi kwakhe ngexesha iinkqubo zonyango ezahlukeneyo.

plexus wesibeleko ibekwe kwinqanaba phezulu omqolo ezine yomqolo wesibeleko. Kokuba u-inshorwe ngecala osecaleni izihlunu ngaphambili sternocleidomastoid, oko kwamagxa ngaphambili-ecaleni iqela izihlunu entanyeni enzonzobila.

Sakhiwo Umsebenzi

Ekubeni amasebe plexus wesibeleko ziqulathe zombini afferent kunye efferent luvo, zisebenza njenge ontununtunu motor imisebenzi.

Ngako oko, kunye ekubulaleni zezakhiwo plexus wesibeleko uza kuviswa zombini ezi nkalo.

amasebe motor

luvo kwimisipha okanye motor plexus wesibeleko, eyayizalwa kwi izihlunu entanyeni ekufuphi, kubangela intshukumo yayo; kwaye ngaphezu koko, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni ekuthiwa-amarhintyela intamo eyenziwa ukuhla wesebe le-luvo hypoglossal , kunye luvo, osusela engcanjini plexus-luvo. umsebenzi wayo kukuba innervation izihlunu, ezithi zibekwe emazantsi ngokubhekiselele ithambo hyoid.

Kumele kukhankanywe kwakhona ukuba, yaye trapezoidal, kunye izihlunu sternocleidomastoid nako innervated yi-luvo, osusela motor Ingcambu plexus wesibeleko.

uyasabela isebe

Sensitive wesibeleko plexus innervation ibonelelwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-ulusu amasebe awo, ekuzezi: iZiko indlebe luvo elikhulu, luvo luvo ezincinane occiput ezinqamlezayo womlomo wesibeleko kunye supraclavicular.

luvo phrenic

Le yenye isebe le plexus wesibeleko, esingaba phawu umdla: njengenxalenye ye-luvo phrenic zombini motor ifayibha, eyayizalwa ngo uvalo nzeke ukuba ukuhamba, yaye sensitive, nokunika innervation ukuya pericardium, pleura kunye peritoneum.

Olu luvo iqatshelwa njengesebe ibalulekileyo abo benza lo plexus wesibeleko, njengoko mayibhekiswe uvalo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kwilahleko paresis beso nobukhulu ezahlukeneyo okanye ukushwabana. Loo meko ngokwezonyango wabonakalaliswa ukusilela yokuphefumla, ukuya kakhulu yayo.

Kwezinye iimeko, xa plexus wesibeleko achaphazelekayo, ingakumbi, phrenic luvo ngezifo ubonisa ukuxhuzula clonic kwi uvalo, emahle kuvela njenge hiccup.

igazi

Owona mthombo uphambili izakhiwo amandla nakumphezulu emqolo wesibeleko ukuba amasebe ezincinane kwemithambo vertebral, leyo, ukuthatha imvelaphi ukusuka kwemithambo subclavian, liphuma ecaleni umnqonqo phezulu, wangena kwisisu cranial, nokunika yonke ngamasetyana ubude kuba ligazi ubonelelo izakhiwo yokwakheka yomqolo wesibeleko.

Le ngezifo le plexus wesibeleko

Iimpawu ze plexus wesibeleko kuvela uhlobo kweemoto, yovakalelo nokuphazamiseka trophic. Xaka ibangwa indibanisela iimpawu kwi ekubunjweni luvo abe imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho enxulumene zokunyanzelisa, enika amasebe ukuba innervate plexus wesibeleko. Komzimba into yokuba kunye ngokoyiswa nganye iingcambu ubunzima zontathu imisebenzi.

ukulimala kwenzeke

1. Trauma, ezifana dislocation okanye subluxation ye amathambo wesibeleko, ukugruzuka okanye ukwenzakala ukuzalwa lweentsana.
2. Le ucinezelo syndrome e ucinezelo neoplasm, amaqhekeza ithambo, hematoma okanye umhlabelo (ukuba akutsalwa ngokungachanekanga lomzimba immobilization).
3. izilonda ezisulelayo kwaye ukudumba ukuze bangenele plexus wesibeleko ze luvo spinal emva HIV (HIV-herpes, ezifana nomkhuhlane sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi, umqala obuhlungu, negcushuwa).
4. umyalezo weimeyile yityhefu ye plexitis wesibeleko. Loo ngobuwena kunokwenzeka kunye ngendlela izitshanguba kakubi utywala, okanye kwimeko yityhefu metal enzima.
5. emzimbeni ezimandundu (emzimbeni) kunokubangela ukudumba komboko-luvo.
6. lahluleka komzimba okanye samathambo xa impembelelo ngxwaba iiseli zamajoni omzimba ngempazamo ithunyelwe inyama yakhe ukoyika umzimba.
7. nezifo ezinganyangekiyo systemic ezikhokelela ukungondleki umboko-luvo.

kubonakaliswa

Phakathi izilonda zezifo plexus wesibeleko kungathiwa:

• Unilateral.
• Mazwe.

Zonke iimeko apho ziintshulube kwaye plexus wesibeleko amasebe, luphawulwa injini, yovakalelo kunye nezigulo trophic of innervation kwindawo eyahlukeneyo. Pathology udlula sikwinqanaba esilandelayo zophuhliso:

• sigaba Neuralgic. Obubonakala ezinxulumene kwinwebu komboko-luvo. nokuqala etsolo zeentlungu eziqatha inkangeleko icala esezantsi ebusweni ibonakala ukuya endlebeni kunye ummandla Occipital, kwakunye iyahlozinga ibonakala ukuba ingalo phantsi zeminwe uqobo. Kwasendaweni buhlungu ekwafanekisa kwicala abachaphazelekayo. ukunyuka okugula ngokubalulekileyo iintshukumo esebenzayo neyokwenziwa; imeko yoxolo unokuzisa isiqabu ethile, kodwa intlungu ukuphumla, yaye ebusuku, akuthethi unyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Pain ephelekwa paresthesia, ukupholisa ulusu sifo kunye nobushushu uvakalelo kwindawo innervation abachaphazelekayo nemithambo ingcambu.
• sigaba unedumbe. Inyathelo paresis kunye nokukhubazeka (ngokuxhomekeke ubukhali izitshanguba) luphawulwa iimpawu luvo wesibeleko dysfunctions ekulelona plexus wesibeleko. Ngenxa izitshanguba ye-luvo phrenic waza waphawula hiccups, ngenxa yokunqongophala kokuxhumana zezihlunu, ubunzima kunye nokuhlukunyezwa expectoration; ukuphazamiseka ilizwi, ukuphefumla - de ukuphelelwa kakhulu umoya kwiziganeko ezixhalabisayo, ukuphazamiseka nokuphefumla, ukuya ukusilela sokuphefumla. izifo Trophic ezibangela ukudumba kunye kombala oluhlaza ulusu, ukutshintsha turgor zabo; Ukongeza, ngokwenzakala ebila eya ekomelezeni yayo. Zethuba elide esi sifo unako ikhokelela utshintsho atrophic izihlunu ze umbhinqo igxalaba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe okunye dislocation ukusoloko emagxeni joint; okanye ukushwabana izihlunu entanyeni, ubukhali kakhulu leyo ekhokelela ukulahleka izihlunu wesibeleko bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo: intloko yomguli kwiimeko kakhulu nga ndayame phambili ukwenzela ukuba kwesilevu nemelene kwentamo. Xa izilonda ezinzulu ezo eziqhutywayo izihlunu ochaphazelekayo akwenzeki; ngokuzimeleyo aphakamise intloko yakhe, ukuze isigulane akakwazi.
• Ukwehla step. Kweli nqanaba, ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi luvo aqalise ukubuyisa kancinci. Kwezinye iimeko, zokubuyisela yabonakala ayiphelelanga, kunye ngezenzeko intsalela ngohlobo paresis okanye ukushwabana peripheral-uhlobo (uhlobo ngababuthuntu), kunye notshintsho atrophic izihlunu (amagama luxilongo lweziphumo intsalela ngohlobo paresis yoluvo kufuneka siqulathe ebonisa nengcambu-luvo ezichaphazelekayo).

imiphumela residual:

• Njengembi (neuropathy) paresis okanye ukushwabana izihlunu entanyeni negxalaba nombhinqo, dislocation ukusoloko kwegxalaba kunye uphawu intloko ukuma ngenxa izihlunu entanyeni buthathaka.
• Disorder of kwezihlunu; amahlaba kunye ziba emasebeni awo plexus innervated amaqela izihlunu wesibeleko.
• zemizwa ngohlobo paresthesias kunye hypersensitivity neentlungu kwindawo sensory innervation plexus.
• nokuphazamiseka Trophic esikhumba kunye kwizihlunu ezithambileyo kwimimandla echaphazelekayo.

Ukubulawa

Wesibeleko plexus zomzimba ivumela utyando entanyeni, lengqula, imithambo yegazi brachiocephalic iqela kwentlungu, amanxeba, umhlaza.

Ekubeni entanyeni ngaphambili kwi udibaniso line amasebe plexus wesibeleko anastomose, zomzimba iingcambu olubuthathaka emva ngohlangothi sternocleidomastoid izihlunu kufuneka kwenziwe omabini. Oku kukuvumela ukuba enze zomzimba kubandakanywa ungenelelo enkulu phezu zikhabane ezinzulu ancedisana entanyeni (kubandakanywa laryngectomy, ukususwa yamathumba umhlaza).

Ukuze ukuphucula isiphumo bamasebe zomzimba le plexus wesibeleko, wavumela ezongezelelweyo umphezulu ukuvimbela bamasebe-luvo, zijonge phambi entanyeni.

Ukuze enze zonke ezi zazo zomzimba enze indlela akudala, ukususela ukusetyenziswa ukufikelela osecaleni (ukuxhaswa Isisombululo iintlungu kwi isithuba subdural) lu dityanisiwe amathuba eziphakamileyo iingxaki kunokuba kakhulu, ngoko ubuchule ukufikelela osecaleni, kuba besebenzisa iimpawu.