UNikolai Erdman: engobomi, iifoto. UNikolai Erdman and Angelina Stepanova

art yiSoviet osisityebi amagama abantu abaninzi abadumileyo: ababhali kunye scriptwriters kunye bemidlalo. Enye yezi nkokeli obugcisa kwakukho UNikolai Erdman, ogama engobomi yaziwa kancinane. Ukanti yena lowo babhala screenplays iifilimu ezaziwayo-kakuhle loo leSoviet, njengoko "iVolga-iVolga" yaye "Jolly Fellows". Khawucinge ngebali lobomi le ndoda yaye umsebenzi wakhe ngakumbi.

Esakhula

UNikolai Erdman kuba endala kwinkulungwane, yena wazalwa ngo-1900. isixeko lwakhe lomthonyama eMoscow. Abazali screenwriter elizayo wemidlalo abazalwa beentlanga ezahlukeneyo: unina Valentina Borisovna waba iingcambu yamaYuda, noyise, uRobert Karlovich weza evela kwiBaltic amaJamani.

Umbhali elizayo kunye imbongi bafunda kakuhle kwaye likwazile ukubonisa ngokwalo njengoko umfundi egqwesileyo Petropavlovsk yorhwebo esikolweni.

I-revolution wamfumana elinesixhenxe abafana, yena umngena watshintsha ubomi bakhe. Ngowe-1919 awathunyelwa Olubomvu Army, UNikolai Erdman wakwazi demobilize ngonyaka.

Emva kokuba kwamabutho wendoda mfana waziphosa ukusuka kokusingqongileyo creative of eMoscow. Waba nomdla imagism popular ngoko, wabhala imibongo ngenxa iingoma, ezithi ke ngoko lwenziwa kwi umdaniso, imisebenzi satirical kunye nemidlalo. Kungekudala igama lakhe yaziwa kwindawo oxwlwa, yaye umbhali oselula wamenywa ukuba yeqonga nje umbhali, unalo usiba ezibukhali ukunamathela.

iminyaka ephakathi

Le eko zenkulungwane yama-20 baba ku Erdman imveliso kakhulu. Uye ubambisene V. owaziwayo E. Meyerholdom. Yaba UNikolai Erdman wabhala imibhalo edlalwa ngokuba "Ukuzibulala" kunye "isigunyaziso", oko kwango krelekrele kwi zinkundla Moscow.

Ngowe-1927, kubomi ekuchubekeni ixesha elitsha - waba umbhali. Eyona idumileyo kuloo minyaka isikripthi sakhe kwabhalwa ngenxa movie "Jolly Fellows". Noko ke, ngo-1933, umbhali, ndabanjwa ndaza ebuyile ekuthinjweni kuphela emva kweminyaka emithathu.

Emva kokubhekisela Erdman nako ukuhlala e Moscow, kwafuneka aphile Ryazan kunye esibizwa. Ngowe-1940, umbhali waya Saratov.

Xa kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Erdman wathunyelwa ukuya ngasemva njengabantu ukungathembeki kwezopolitiko. Noko ke, le mfazwe batshintsha ubomi zombhali. Kunye zokucima kwikonsathi, waza waqalisa ukuya imiphambili imfazwe, osebenza nomdlali kunye reciter.

Emva kwemfazwe, isiphelo wancuma Edman, yaye wazama ukuba siziphathe ngokuthozama kwaye musa ezivelileyo ngakumbi ukuba bagxeke ubunkokeli yelizwe (ngenxa ukugxekwa enjalo, kwaye wabanjwa kanye). Usebenze umbhali, ikakhulu njengokuba umbhali, uye ezisebenze ngayo kunye zemiboniso aphambili kweli lizwe, yaye ngowe-1951 ukuba wada imbasa Prize Stalin.

UNikolai Erdman wafa ngo-1970, wangcwatywa eMoscow.

Erdman and NKVD

Imbali ukubanjwa yokuqala Erdman emuva 1933. Ke umalathisi umboniso, kunye UNikolai Erdman wayehlala Gagra, apho abantu awayedubula imifanekiso "Jolly Fellows". Noko ke, ukuba yaphela kabuhlungu ngenxa Erdman. Wabanjwa yi-NKVD. Abaphandi umsebenzi yakhe ibonisa ukuba isizathu ukubanjwa yaba okubhaliweyo wentsomi, satirical umfanekiso azamkelekanga ka Stalin, ebhalwe Erdmann, uze ufunde kwelinye lemfundo ngokuhlwa Katchalov weqonga.

Ukongeza ukubanjwa Erdman Walinda ezinye ukudana - umlawuli G. Alexandrov kwanyanzeleka ukucima igama lakhe ukusuka credits "Fellows Jolly".

Nangona kunjalo, kuloo minyaka ngqwabalala kunye Erdmann ke ecotha ngokwaneleyo: umbhali kusinda elubhacweni eSiberia (e Yeniseysk, uze emva koko - in Tomsk). Liberation ekuthinjweni kuphela ngo-1936. Noko ke, umbhali ukuba laphulwe amalungelo iminyaka embalwa kwaye kwafuneka ukuba kwisixeko esiselumelwaneni Moscow, ukuba angabi nako ukuhlala kwikomkhulu, apho ke wazalwa.

UNikolai Erdman and Angelina Stepanova: ibali uthando

iphepha Bright ebomini ekuchubekeni zaqalisa lithandana weqonga Angelina Stepanova. Erdman and Stepanova badibana eMoscow kwi 20. Zombini iintsapho (nangona Erdman wayehlala ligosa likarhulumente nomnye abadanisi, kodwa Stepanova umtshato waba ezisemthethweni nangokuhloniphekileyo). Ngenxa yoko, waqalisa ezothando ovuthuzayo abantu ababini abanetalente, abo baqhubeka kubomi kunye neeleta.

Angelina Stepanova engomelele ubomi obumbaxa waza washiya umyeni wakhe, kodwa Erdman Musa ukungxama ukuba celibate. Kodwa lendaba ngazo. Stepanova akazange Erdmann naxa athandana naye wabanjwa. Ngaphezu koko, ke yena, ekubeni ngumdlali odumileyo, unako ukuthenga ngokuba unyule nokunciphisa Isiphelo sakhe yakhe. Love ongumdlali Edman waba mkhulu kangangokuba lwabangela ukuba kutyelela ngasese nesithandwa sakhe kule link.

Noko ke, emva kokufunda ukuba Erdmann kwaye akayi kwahlukana nomfazi wakhe eziqhelekileyo-mthetho, Stepanov ayikwazanga sisinde kule ngesibetho ize yahlukana kunye nesithandwa sakhe. Yaye wayeka imbalelwano zabo, eyathatha malunga iminyaka esi-7.

Iziphumo uthando idrama

Destiny Erdman kunye Stepanova aqhekeka. Umdlali wayetshate ukuba umbhali Alexander Fadeyev. Owayesakuba abathandi wadibana engama-22 kuphela kamva. Kule ntlanganiso echukumisayo Stepanova wabhala kwidayari yakhe nje imizuzu angenakulibaleka yobomi bakhe. Okukhona ayizange khe ibonwe.

Stepanov wafunda Erdman ngokufa, ukuba tour eyayiseKiev. Emngcwabeni wakhe, yena ngabom akazange aye.

Lo mfazi enamandla nokuhomba asinda nesithandwa sakhe kangangeminyaka engama-30. Ekupheleni sobomi, ngokubuthulula umphefumlo wakhe kwidayari yakhe, yena ngokukrakra wakhumbula imbali uthando lwakhe, enqwenela ukuba Erdman bengakwazi ukugcina iimvakalelo zakho. Stepanova kwakhona bazisola ngamandla Erdman nxi, bengakholwa ukuba naye italente yakhe enkulu yaye akazange ukuphatha ukuthatha indawo ofaneleyo kwiincwadi Russian.

Intsebenziswano kunye yemidlalo kwi Taganka

imisebenzi ezininzi ezibhaliweyo ubomi bakhe Erdman uNikolay Robertovich, biography of lo mntu olo vumo lobabalo.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini yobomi bakhe yendalo xa umbhali abaneli umthwalo kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kodwa ke uphawu ebuhlungu 'zisebenze ", ngenene wanceda umhlobo wakhe olungileyo - umlawuli yeqonga kaYuri Lyubimov. Nge Lyubimov Erdman wadibana ngexesha lemfazwe (babesebenza ndawonye phambi Kantserna izicima).

It Lyubimov, indoda abanetalente kwaye sensitive, yakwazi ukubona Nikolae Robertoviche intalente eninzi engazanga yachukunyiswa. Lyubimov, waba umlawuli oyintloko, ubeke abaninzi Erdmann elivumelana ibakala yeqonga. Kuyinto ngenxa ye Taganka Theatre Erdmann wakwazi kwakhona va abaphulaphuli ifuna umbhali.

Ubuchule Erdman: kinoraboty abantwana

abahlalutyi Modern bakholelwa ukuba Erdman uNikolay Robertovich bangaze phofu babe nako ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iitalente zabo angaqhelekanga. Yaye wabhala script gqitha iifilimu, ngoko apho izigidi ababukeli babukela ngomdla.

Erdman Wayeneziphiwo ezintweni zonke, nokuba xa babesebenza amaphepha iintsomi ( "Umlilo, amanzi kunye nemibhobho zobhedu", "Frost", "City of Masters" njalo-njalo. D.). Emva kokubanjwa kunye ekuthinjweni bhanya yakhe babesoyika kumema ukuba asebenze kwi-script kuba enkulu umboniso, kodwa iziphindwa ngayo Erdman bana abanyanisekileyo ngakumbi, ngoko ke wenza njengoko ngumbhali script for cartoons Soviet ngaphezu kwama-30. Phakathi kwazo cartoons abaziwayo ezifana "umntu omncinane kum esondela", "The Adventures of Pinocchio", "Thumbelina", njalo njalo. D.

indalo Value Erdman

Abaninzi banamava ebomini bakhe imbongi, umbhali, screenwriter wemidlalo UNikolai Erdman. Iifoto lo mntu wenza ubomi bakhe, makhe sibone indlela ubuso bakhe. Ukuba imifanekiso kwi abaphulaphuli obutsha ujongo isigqebelo umbhali oselula encinane ngubani amaphupho ukuqonda kwabo ebomini, le kamva sibona awonwabanga ubuso bomntu udiniwe.

Abanye ababephila ebizwa Erdmann angalahlekelwa nto. Ngapha koko, nangona italente yakhe, wayengakwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ngokwabo kuluncwadi, wasinda entolongweni, ekuthinjweni umlomo imisebenzi yakhe, kwaye ebomini bakhe, nangona mitshato amathathu, umbhali akazange athathe indawo. Ewe, kwaba bonke kubomi UNikolai Erdman, kodwa le ndoda eninzi ukwenza emhlabeni, ngoko igama lakhe kufuneka ukuba uthunyelwe ku zisabonakala.