Patina - ntoni na? patina Apho isicelo

Ukususela kwakudala abathandi rhoqo uyakwazi ukuva ilizwi like "patina." Yintoni na, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo bangathanda ukwazi abasebenzisi abaninzi Internet. Inqaku elilandelayo, siza kuzama ukunika lo mbuzo impendulo enenkcukacha. Ngoko ke, yintoni na patina?

le nkcazelo

Bonke baye wakha watyelela weemyuziyam kumele ukuba wabona iingqekembe yamandulo eluhlaza, mnyama kunye neendawo ixesha, izibane udonga njalo njalo. D. Ukwaleka izinto yesinyithi enamathela ebizwa patina. Umbala vhidiyo ingohluka ngaphakathi kwemida ububanzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi akhiwa sisenzo arhente umoya ngokwendlela patina ukuguga yendalo has a ithinti oluhlaza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha omdaka, izimvi emnyama okanye oluhlaza.

chemical ifomula

Impendulo yalo mbuzo: "Patina - yintoni" ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa ekhemesti elula kakhulu. Le film lobhedu eliphuma namnye ngaphandle CuCO eqhelekileyo _3. Oku kunokuba, umzekelo, Cu ₂ (CO ₃₎ (OH) ₂ okanye Cu ₃ (CO ₃₎ 2 (OH). Ibhodi lobeko wokuqala shades ezibuhlazarha (malachite), le yesibini - bamantshontsho (azurite).

patina Natural ngokuqhelekileyo lwenzeka kakhulu ixesha elide. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ifilim kukho izinto ezifana carbonate ubhedu, nemveliso, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, amiliswe iminyaka 5-25. Ukuba into ibekwe kwindawo ulophu, igcwala, Kakade ke, kuya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Xa imveliso igumbi ukutyabeka owomileyo ifihle ngokulandelelanayo kamva.

Ekuqaleni, ingqikelelo "patina" (yintoni na ngoku uyakwazi) isicelo kuphela umboniso kwakheka kwi nobhedu, ubhedu okanye zezobhedu. Kamva lo gama baqala ukubiza kunye uqweqwe ukubonakala phezu kweenkuni, ukutyabeka, namona oluhlaza ukuya ngentsimbi oluhlaza, njalo-njalo. D.

History of patination

Inyaniso yokuba izinto ezindala khangela eqinileyo kwaye zindala, wonke umntu uyazi. Isizathu soku idla ngokuba carbonate zobhedu - patina. Njengoko bemlalele phezu imveliso liya kuba le akhawunti nebhodi amanene ngenxa ixesha elide kakhulu, iindidi ndlela evumela ukuba oko ngokusebenzisa ngumntu sele ziphuhlisiwe.

Isandla wokuqala wenza izinto ezindala waqalisa ukwenza ngenkulungwane ye-14 e Florence. Patination wayisebenzisela gypsum, nakoko imigodi kwi komhlaba mveliso ngamaplanga. Emva womise umxube kwimveliso lelabhastile baxhoma igolide yaba zizixwexwe ezicekethekileyo. Emva koko, bonke endaba.

Technology patination yokufakelwa metal iye yanda kakhulu ixesha elide. Le iinkosi zamandulo waphawula ukuba imiswe phakathi nokudinwa wanamanqatha yayisoma metal isitya igcina ukurusa yayo. Ngoko ke, malunga nokuqulunqwa imichiza efanayo lisetyenziswa ifilimu iqale eqingqiweyo kunye nezinye ekubunjweni art.

patina Apho kusetyenziswa

Namhlanje, le ndlela kwakhona rhoqo ezihonjiswe ifanitshala eyenzelwe zokuhlala. Maxa wambi patina lisetyenziswe ngumntu Somphali izinto decor kwi ofisi zabantu zoshishino. ujongo encomekayo kakhulu kwaye bagqiba iimveliso ngaloo zomgunyathi. Ngaba zinokuhonjiswa banisters sisinyithi patina, iingcingo, izinyeliso kunye ibhalkhoni t. D.

Kwakhona, amaxesha amaninzi le ndlela isetyenziswa ukwaluphala ngumntu lobhedu nobhedu coinages. Njengoko bekunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, patina ngamanye amaxesha ukubonwa kwi-metal uphose (ziintsimbi, ubhedu nentsimbi) Decor. Kuyenzeka ukuba le kundikhumbuza wenza ndlela iingqekembe "endala", iimbasa, swifanekiselo, njalo njalo. D. badla kakhulu ngumntu patina igqunyiweyo neendawo zobhedu, sconces, amacwecwe zokuhombisa kunye neziseko t. D.

patina ezingezizo: ukuguga ipeyinti

Patination ifanitshala, iiphaneli, imivalo yesinyithi , njalo njalo. Lidla kakhulu kusetyenziswa le ndlela gentle kakhulu. Ekugugeni penti lwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Imveliso eyenziwe ngentsimbi okanye iinkuni ngokupheleleyo ukuwuhlamba degreased.

• kumphezulu wayo olugudisiweyo, yaye maxa wambi eyome kancinane.

• Eyenziwa patina ngokufanelekileyo. Iipeyinti zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ne acrylic. Ezo zililo abanganyangekiyo neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo kwaye akubizi. Ezinye nongo, ezibiza kakhulu ingasetyenziswa ukuyila iimveliso amancinci.

• Running umphezulu lokugaya. Kulo mzekelo, iindawo phuhlu na isiqabu ziyagxininiswa, kwaye emathambekeni ahlale ebumnyameni. Ngenxa yoko, yona phezu ezimagqagala zibe "patinovoe" ngeso lenyama.

• Le mveliso legqunyiwe ngomaleko ibakhusela ivanishi okanye ioli (zokuba ziinkuni).

Ukwaluphala amanqaku kwaphunyezwa, istampu nokubunjwa ngokusebenzisa zeekhemikhali

wezenzi Patinated ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenziweni iimveliso zesinyithi zokuhombisa. Ukuze ufumane umboniso amanene kwizinto ezifana ukwakhiwa, imifanekiso, kunye nothango lwaso lobhedu T. G. Ingasetyenziselwa ezahlukeneyo lweekhemikhali. Natural patina eluhlaza kwi nobhedu, ubhedu nobhedu izinto kunzima kakhulu ukwenza. Kodwa uyakwazi ukufumana patina kwezinye imibala umdla. Umzekelo, ngamanye amaxesha unyango iimveliso yobhedu senziwe sisincoko onjalo:

• isibindi sulphuric - 2.3 g;

• ityuwa - 3.2 g;

• 1 ilitha - yamanzi.

Phezu ukuqhagamshelana neemveliso zobhedu wafumana isisombululo phezu kwabo kuvela eqaqambileyo patina umthunzi mnandi ya hina.

Kuba lokwenziwa ukuguga zobhedu izinto yomhombiso isoloko isetyenziswa ekwenzeni onjalo:

• sernovatistonatrievaya ityuwa (fixer ifilimu) - 60 g;

• nitric acid - 5 g

Ngenxa wokuxuba ezi izithako basabela ngamandla iqala. Faka umbala patina kulo mzekelo, kungcono ninikane phantse abamnyama. Le isisombululo zama ukusebenzisa inkosi ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka (ubuninzi imizuzu engama-20). Kungenjalo ithe iimpawu zayo uba azalufanelekela patination.

Njengoko ubona, ukuba ukwaluphala izinto metal indlela lokubhalela yemichiza idla ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Ngoko ukuvelisa patina kuphela iiglavu kunye neefestile ezivuliweyo.

Esebenzisa patinated thermal

Obu bugcisa isoloko isetyenziswa lokuvelisa iimveliso ngentsimbi ezintle. Umzekelo, ukuba ngendlela elula kakhulu wenza burnishing. I-metal ufakwa emlilweni yaye igcinwe apho de kububomvu nobuhlungu. Ke ngokukhawuleza lifakwe sikhongozeli ioli umatshini. Ngenxa yoko, phezu sobhedu abunjwe phantse nangoko patinovy scurf emnyama.

Apha kule ndlela kwaye sifakwe kubo zentsimbi kunye neenkuni iindawo yokufakelwa "patina." Yintoni na Sofunyanwa. Ubukhulu becala, le patina yendalo - yinto ngumfanekiso ngokoqobo iimveliso sele idlule ukususela kumhla wokwenziwa eminyaka, iinkulungwane, okanye zeminyaka. Uhlobo olufanayo kobugcisa ezahlukeneyo wokwaluphala ngumntu elisetyenziswe kakhulu ukwenziwa zonke iintlobo izinto zokuhombisa ungenza ingaphakathi yokuhlala ehlonelwayo yaye ezidumileyo.