Yintoni iprosesa Injongo: inkcazelo kunye nesicelo

abasebenzisi ikhompyutha basoloko bexakaniseka omnye komnye la magama mabini njengoko inkqubo iyunithi yaye CPU, ebiza yokuqala - owesibini. Oku ngokwesiseko engalunganga. Iprosesa ngokwawo - sisixhobo eyenzelwe ukulawula ukusebenza ikhompyutha ngokutsho kulandelelwano kwangaphambili lwemiyalelo, wabiza inkqubo, kwaye ukwenza imisebenzi processing of ulwazi.

Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izixhobo kunye negama efanayo. Hi xikombiso, a kumqhubekekisi wegama ezenzelwe ukudala maxwebhu kunye zabo format. Ukuze olu hlobo program zibandakanya Microsoft Word.

Yintoni na?

Kwaye ke isixhobo ngokwayo, yona ingqondo ye computer, ebizwa kwakhona i isilawuli. Yintoni iprosesa kwi computer? Akuve an integrated kwisekethe, elawula ukusebenza ngobuntu computer. Loo ujikeleze idaliwe kwi ziikristale enye okanye ngaphezulu ezenziwe semiconductor kunye iteknoloji inzima kakhulu enxulumene ebaleni microelectronics.

Yonke into ungenza ikhompyutha yakho ulwazi oluchaziweyo umyalelo iseti ye kumqhubekekisi. Zibandakanywa imiyalelo yolawulo computer msebenzi. Omnye zodwa uthathe iqela - lo msebenzi enye eyenziwa yi computer. Umzekelo, ukwenza imisebenzi arithmetic, imisebenzi ubhalo, inkcazelo kulandelelwano imiyalelo ukwenza ukudluliselwa kolwazi isixhobo enye imemori khadi kwenye memory.

Yiloo nto ke impendulo emfutshane umbuzo, yintoni na kumqhubekekisi.

device

Ekubeni iprosesa - isixhobo lweenkcukacha, le nkqubo ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• iyunithi logic yokalo emileyo;
• isixhobo control;
• memory rejista.

Iyunithi yolawulo, njengokuba kucacile ukuba igama layo; ngokuba inkqubo elinikiweyo ulawula zonke ezalathelwe computer. It uthatha umyalelo ngamnye ekuhambeni kwirejista, sifunde kuyo, yintoni umsebenzi ukwenza yaye yintoni ngokulandelelana. Olu hlobo Umqhubi, ukulawula yonke okhestra. A kuqamba umculo nje inkqubo.

amacandelo

Alu - sisixhobo izibalo, leyo, elandela inkqubo wenza imisebenzi enxulumene yokalo emileyo nengqiqo.

Ezi rejista ezi memory yangaphakathi ye-CPU. Elinye icala onokufaniswa uyilo, ngayo ifowuni ubala kwaye igcina iziphumo. Nganye kwezi rejista bunenjongo yayo.

Masithi, kumqhubekekisi kufuneka ufake ezimbini amanani ezithile. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, okokuqala zonke kuyimfuneko ukuba bakhuphe memory kwekota yokuqala, ngoko - wesibini, yongeza aba amaxabiso amabini, kwaye ubungakanani kwakhona athumele RAM yekhompyutha.

Ngokucacileyo, zombini imiqathango kunye kumqhubekekisi japan kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo ethile. Ukulungiselela le njongo iseli izinto ezingena ngqo kwi kumqhubekekisi ngokwawo, ebizwa accumulator okanye lweliso lerhamba. Ekubeni iprosesa ilungiselelwe data nokulungiswa yabo, kufuneka kuqondwe ukusuka iseli memory kuyimfuneko ukuba lo myalelo ulandelayo. Oku ufunda kwezinye cell yakhe ngaphakathi, ekuthiwa ekhawuntarini. Umyalelo wokuba igcinwayo memory eziphambili ibekwe kwenye iseli - Command Register. Ukusuka kuphumela umyalelo badluliselwe kakade kwinkumbulo.

iintlobo babhalise

Iirejista iintlobo eziliqela. Ahluke kwabanye uhlobo ngalunye imisebenzi eyenziwa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo iirejista Yawo amagama:

• Amaqela Counter - ngaba irejista equlathe idilesi umyalelo olandelayo ukuba babulawe. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo khetha ucwangciso kwisethi ehlobene nkumbulo.
• Nephimpi - udlala indima yonke imisebenzi.
• Irejista lokufundisa. Igcina iqela ngelo xesha, nto leyo efunekayo ukwenza.

data ibhasi

iprosesa computer yenzelwe ukusebenza kunye nolwazi. Zonke izixhobo zakhe rhoqo ingananwa phakathi kwabo. Kwaye bakwenza oko ngoncedo element, ekuthiwa data ibhasi lwangaphakathi. Xa CPUs mihla, kukho ezinye iindawo, kodwa ubuncinane eziyimfuneko set iingcinga ezichazwe ngasentla.

Umjikelo Machine ukujikeleza kwalo

Le nkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo iqulathe la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Command kukhethiwe evela gumbi dilesi egciniweyo kwi a kwirejista sokubala. imixholo yawo ngexesha elifanayo ukwandisa ixabiso ngobude lo myalelo.
• Okulandelayo, oko kuthunyelwa kwicandelo lolawulo, ukuba ngumqobo irejista yalo myalelo.
• ifildi Address besive iqela limele yolawulo isixhobo.
• Le yokugqibela unika umqondiso, kwaye data sifundwe engawajonganga, ukuwa sele kwiyunithi yokalo emileyo-logic.
• Imela isixhobo ulawulo ikhowudi kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa kwiyunithi logic yokalo emileyo umqondiso ukwenza esi senzo kwi data, nto kulo mzekelo zibizwa ngokuba operands.
• Isiphumo lo msebenzi kugcinwa kwi iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo, okanye idluliselwe imemori kwimeko apho kukho idilesi apho kufuneka isiphumo.
• Zonke ezi manyathelo ngasentla ilandelwa ngokuthe logama nje umqondiso stop sinikwe.

iimpawu

Ngoko ke, yintoni na kumqhubekekisi, kucacile: SSH yemiyalelo kwinkqubo echaziweyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo sele kulandelayo ngeempawu:

1. Le wotshi rhoqo. I-CPU linxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne umvelisi nezihlandlo iwotshi, elenza la mandla. Ukuba namazwi bodwa kakhulu intsebenziswano yazo zonke iziqalelo ze computer. Olu phawu lilingana nenani ngomzuzwana. Omnye umlinganiselo - kangangexesha elithile, oko kukuthi phakathi ukubetha yokuqala neyesibini. Elilinganisiweyo clock frequency in megahertz.
2. Bit. Eli xabiso liphezulu ahambelana nenani ziikhowudi lwekhowudi yokubini akhiwa iprosesa idluliselwe ngexesha elifanayo. Olu phawu uchazwa ubude ilizwi rejista yayo.
3. indawo Idilesi. Oku kuquka uluhlu iidilesi zifumaneka yi kumqhubekekisi usebenzisa idilesi khowudi.

Ngenxa kungasentla, oko ichazwe ngokucacileyo, kunye iprosesa yayo nenjongo. Le ingqondo computer, ngaphandle apho ngokupheleleyo ukuba yonke into efanelekileyo. Ngaba kuphela umhombiso wangaphakathi.