Okukwazi nonspecific kunye ngqo: iindlela, ngokungafani

Okukwazi - kwigama kubantu kakhulu phantse omlingo. Isibakala sokuba ephilayo nganye ingcaciso yaso yemfuza ayinikiwe kuphela kuye, yaye ngoko omzimba kwizifo wonke umntu wahlukile.

Ngoko ke yintoni na - amajoni omzimba?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, nabani na uqhelene zekharityhulam yesikolo eziphilayo, lumalunga loo okukwazi - nguye ukukwazi komzimba ukuzikhusela evela kuzo zonke iintlanga, oko kukuthi, sixhathise isenzo-arhente ngolunya. Ngaphezu koko, zombini ezo abangena umzimba ngaphandle (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo imichiza), kunye nezo akhiwa emzimbeni, ezifana iiseli umhlaza okanye ezifileyo yonakele. Nayiphi na into unalo ulwazi yemfuza angaphandle, yinto iantigens ukuba ngokoqobo ngokuthi - "anti-gene". okukwazi ethile nonspecific unikwe umsebenzi ehlangeneyo nelungelelanisiweyo kwamaziko anoxanduva ukuba ukuveliswa kwezinto ezithile kunye neeseli enokuthi ngokukhawuleza baqonde ukuba umzimba wakhe, nokuba - amazwe, kwaye aphendule ngokufanelekileyo yahlaselwa ezinye izizwe.

Izilwa-buhlungu kunye nendima yabo emzimbeni

Amajoni omzimba ekuqaleni uyayiqonda into iantigens, uze uzama ukuba amtshabalalise. Kulo mzekelo umzimba uvelisa isakhiwo ezizodwa protein - lomzimba. Mabeme bona xa tapeworm nayiphi gciwane. Izilwa - a iiproteni ezizodwa (immunoglobulins), eziveliswa leukocytes Nokwethisa ezisegazini ezinokuba yingozi - kwamagciwane, buthi, iiseli umhlaza.

Bubukho omzimba, kwaye intetho yabo ogqitywe neenkcukacha zamanani, umzimba womntu wosulelwe okanye hayi, kwaye nokuba unawo amandla okukwazi ezaneleyo (ezithile kunye nonspecific) kwizifo ezithile. Ukufumana omzimba ezithile egazini, oko kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba bafikelele kwisigqibo malunga ubukho osulelo okanye yobubi, kodwa ukugqiba udidi yayo. It is on nokumisela ubukho antibodies kwamagciwane nobuninzi kwezifo ezithile iimvavanyo zokukhangela iingxaki zePCR ezisekelwe. Ngokomzekelo, xa ELISA isampuli yegazi kuko iantigens walungisa ngaphambili. Ukuba kukho impendulo, oko kuthetha ukuba izilwa zomzimba zikhona kuye, ngoko, kunye nearhente ngokwakhe.

Ezahlukahlukeneyo wokhuselo omzimba

Xa imvelaphi yayo ntlobo zilandelayo sifo: ethile kunye non-ngqo. Le yokugqibela yi naso kwaye sibhekiswe nayiphi na into amazwe.

okukwazi Nonspecific - izinto ezintsonkothileyo ibakhusela kumzimba, nto leyo, zohlulwa ngokwendidi 4.

1. Xa izinto mechanical (ebandakanya ulusu kunye uxakaxa imifinya, amashiya, ukuthimla apho, ukukhohlela).
2. Acid (ukubila asidi, iinyembezi kunye namathe, ngobhobhozo ngeempumlo).
3. Yimiba humoral zesigaba etsolo ukudumba (inkqubo ngumphelelisi coagulation, lactoferrin kunye transferrin, interferon, lysozyme).
4. Ukuba iseli (ziiphagocytes, neeseli ezingababulali zendalo).

ngumsebenzi ngqo kuthiwa ezifunyenwe okanye encomekayo. It sibhekiswe izinto kwamanye amazwe akhethwe kwaye esizibonakalisa iifom ezimbini - le humoral kanye neselula.

okukwazi ethile non-ezithile, iindlela zayo

Cinga, kwahluka enye kwenye zombini iintlobo zokhuseleko yebhayoloji yolo eziphilayo. iindlela Non-ngqo kunye ethile omzimba singahlukaniswa izinga basabela kunye nesenzo. Imiba sifo zendalo uqale ukukhusela ngoko nangoko, kamsinya nje pathogen ingena ngesikhumba okanye isifo, yaye musa ukugcina kwimemori yokusebenzisana ntsholongwane. Zisebenza lonke ixesha dabi ephilayo kusuleleko, kodwa ngempumelelo kakhulu - kwiintsuku ezine zokuqala emva engena intsholongwane uze baye emsebenzini indlela sifo ethile. Eyona abavikeli eziphambili kumzimba kwamagciwane ngexesha sifo non-ngqo ezi lymphocyte kunye interferon. neeseli ezingababulali Natural ukubhaqa ukutshabalalisa iiseli onakaliswe usulelo eyabelwe cytotoxins. Oyena nobangela lokugqibela kweeseli lokubulala.

Ngokomzekelo singakwazi sihlolisise indlela yesenzo interferon. Xa igciwane lohlobo, iiseli nokulungelelanisa interferon, ndimkhulule kwindawo isithuba phakathi kwiiseli, apho enebana receptors ezinye iiseli esempilweni. Emva intsebenziswano yabo kwiiseli uchalichivaetsya kuyondelelaniswe enqanda synthetase ezimbini ezintsha kunye protein, owokuqala apho abangaphangeliyo ukuba Yindibanisela iiprothini wentsholongwane egazini, kwaye lusicande amazwe RNA yesibini. Ngenxa yoko, abanye viral izifo kwigumbi umqobo wabumba iiseli uninfected.

okukwazi yendalo neyenziweyo

amajoni omzimba sokwazi ethile non-ngqo yohlulwe yendalo neyenziweyo. Ngamnye kubo osebenzayo okanye kwisixando sokwenziwa. Natural ufumene ngendlela yemvelo. isifo Natural esebenzayo kuvela emva wabaphilisa. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaye ubunzima isibetho, ayisuleleki ngononophelo nomonde. isixando Natural - colostral placental, transovarial.

okukwazi ezingezizo ibanjiwe ngenxa kokukhutshelwa eziphilayo ezincinane okuncitshiswe okanye abulawe. Artificial esebenzayo kuvela emva kogonyo. isixando ezingezizo ezifunyenwe usebenzisa serum. Ne eziphilayo esebenzayo kudala izilwa-buhlungu yedwa ngenxa yesifo okanye kugonyo esebenzayo. Kuyinto ezinzile ixesha elide, ungenza ziqhubeka iminyaka emininzi okanye kwanobomi bonke. umzimba kwizifo kufikelelwe usebenzisa izilwa zamntu yaziswa yi nogonyo. Lingaphantsi kakhulu, esebenza emva ezimbalwa kweeyure emva ulawulo izilwa-buhlungu kunye sihlala ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa iinyanga.

umahluko okukwazi ethile non-ngqo

okukwazi Non-ezithile kuthiwa zendalo, yemfuza. Lo mhlaba yinto ephilayo into njengelifa zemfuza ngabameli ezi zilwanyana. Umzekelo, kukho okukwazi yabantu inja kunye nempuku isibetho. okukwazi sokwazi kungenziwa ngenxa zokukhanya okanye yindlala. okukwazi sokwazi iqaphelwa esebenzisa monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, macrophage, neutrophils. imiba okukwazi ethile nonspecific kunye nexesha ezahlukeneyo. Ethile ibonakale kweentsuku 4 kamva, intlaka yokuhlanganisa iminombo echumileyo omzimba athile kwaye ukuyilwa T-lymphocyte. Xa oku iqaliswe ukuyilwa imemori-shirt kunye B-memory iiseli ngumzimba ukuba lwegciwane ethile. imemori ngumzimba igcinwa ngokuqhubekekayo kwaye ongundoqo intshukumo yomzimba lesibini ngakumbi kakuhle. Oku kusekelwe kulo impahla isakhono amayeza okuthintela izifo ezosulelayo.

ngumsebenzi ngqo yenzelwe ukukhusela umzimba, eyenziwe ngexesha kuphuhliso eziphilayo ngamnye ebudeni bobomi balo. Xa zingene emzimbeni sisifo imali kakhulu amagciwane luthe okuncitshiswe, nangona kwesifo kwenzeka ngendlela elula.

Yintoni na amajoni omzimba komntwana kuzalwa?

Thina nje umntwana ozelwe sele ikhona okukwazi nonspecific kunye ezithile, ngokuthe ngcembe kwandisa suku ngalunye. Iinyanga yokuqala yobomi umntwana apho ukunceda oomama izilwa-buhlungu, leyo wayeyinikwe nguEstere nge ngumkhaya, yaye ke iyifumane kunye nobisi lwebele. Le umzimba kwizifo, akukho emthini kwaye ikhusela usana de kweenyanga ezi-6. Ngoko ke, umntwana osanda sinazo izifo ezifana nemasisi, rubella, ifiva nebomvu, mumps kunye nabanye.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, kwakunye sokugonya, amajoni omzimba womntwana uya kufunda ukuba ukhuphe izilwa-buhlungu kwaye ayichase ezasulelayo ngokwazo, kodwa inkqubo ende kunye zobuqu kakhulu. Ukwenziwa lokugqibela amajoni omzimba womntwana ikwagqibezela kweminyaka emithathu. Umntwana ominyaka ingaphantsi kwe amajoni omzimba hayi ngokupheleleyo 'ukusekwa, ngoko ke umntwana likhulu kune umntu omdala basengozini kwiintsholongwane ezininzi. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba umzimba ukuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo usana, unako ukuxhathisa bahlaseli ezininzi esosulelayo.

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa umntwana abajongana nazo yaye ngokuthe ngcembe afunde ukuhlala nabo, ukuvelisa omzimba protective. Ngcembe amagciwane ikoloni kid emathunjini, eyahlula ibe luncedo ukuze yesisu nokubi, loo nto ubonakala de intsalela microflora eyaphukileyo. Umzekelo, ezi ntsholongwane ikoloni kwiinwebu nasopharynx kunye tonsils, ibid acele lomzimba zokhuselo. Ukuba kwii-umzimba losuleleko sele elilwa nayo, okanye ayithethi kuhlaselwa sesi sifo, okanye kunabela ngendlela elula. Kule ndawo, umzimba ugonyo lokuthintela ezisekelwe.

isiphelo

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba okukwazi nonspecific athile - umsebenzi yemfuza, oko kukuthi, wonke umzimba kwenza kube yimfuneko ukuba eziliqela ezahlukeneyo zokuzikhusela, yaye ukuba kwanele, kuba abanye lo - hayi. Kwelinye icala, umntu wokunika ngokupheleleyo ukuya ubuncinane kuyimfuneko, lo gama omnye umntu umzimba zokuzikhusela kuya kufuneka kakhulu ngakumbi. Ukongeza, abasabela ezenzeka emzimbeni, zibe eguquguqukayo ngokwaneleyo, ekubeni umsebenzi amajoni omzimba - Inkqubo eqhubekayo kwaye kuxhomekeke ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko zangaphakathi nangaphandle.