Ngasinye sendawo - yinto uhombiso elimangalisayo uMhlaba

iintlobo Cosmopolitan yaye zikho - iintlobo malunga olunye kolunye yokuhlala. Igama uthetha ukuba ngokwayo: ἔνδημος yaguqulelwa isuka lesiGrike elithetha "ekuhlaleni". imisebenzi ebalulekileyo enezityalo nezilwanyana nasiphi na isithuba avalelwe ekuthiwa nokufumaneka.

Apho bahlala

izityalo sendawo, kwakunye nezilwanyana zikho, iintaka, izinambuzane, ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka nayiphi entilini enye ukuya kummango, xa iyintlango okanye kwiziqithi yolwandle. Esinokubangela ukuba uthi osisityebi ezisoloko zikho kwindawo elingazange liye abafowunelwa elide zebhayoloji nabameli enezityalo nezilwanyana zamanye amazwe. Oku, umzekelo, Madagascar, Hawaii, isiqithi ka-St Helena.

In edwaleni kwintlango yaseNamibhiya eAfrika ekhula isityalo esingaqhelekanga iWelwitschia mirabilis - iWelwitschia emangalisayo, kufana nqwa othuke liphuma ngesanti nangembalela igiza mfutshane mhambi emangalisayo ubuhle engalindelekanga.

Old kunye ezintsha

Iinkalo apho unako ukufumana sendawo - akukho ngokungqongqo mda yi-mali isithuba, ukuba likhulu kakhulu. iminxeba inzululwazi ezisoloko zikho kunye neentlobo ezinjalo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ziqhelekilyo nayiphi kwilizwekazi enye okanye inxenye yayo. Umzekelo, uninzi imithi zomgamtriya ikhula Australia nase-New Zealand, omnye iintlobo zesi sityalo ifumaneka kuphela kwiiPhilippines. Into efanayo kunye uhlobo olulodwa sapling - Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), nto leyo ikhule ukuya kwiimitha ezingamashumi amathathu ukuphakama. Waye ingqalelo extinct emhlabeni, kodwa phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ezo imithi emahlathini entabeni kwiphondo Sichuan. Ke Metasequoia afumaneka kwezinye iindawo eliqingqiweyo somhlaba saseNtla. Iingcali zithi oku sendawo - emele iintlobo yamandulo, leyo ngakumbi ngokuchanileyo ngokuba paleoendemikom. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kukho ekuthiwa-neoendemics - kuvela uhlobo olutsha kwimimandla ekwanti.

Ngubani ehlala emanzini ecacileyo of Lake zamanzi

Kuvele iminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 eyadlulayo, umzimba zinzulu amanzi acocekileyo idume inani elikhulu iintlobo zikho. Iingcali ziye zafumanisa ukuba wonke ummi sesithathu edikeni - umkhuba. Le fish (zamanzi sculpin, golomyanka, Sisco), ezineqokobhe (amphipod), ezingenamqolo (iziponji zamanzi).

Lake izimvu kukho itywina amanzi esihle, ekwabizwa ngokuba zamanzi uphawu. Olu hlobo ezisoloko zikho ifumaneka kwiindawo ezisemantla phakathi kolwandle. uphawu izimvu hibernates kwi imingxuma phantsi ekhephini okanye ngumkhenkce, amalahle kuzo imingxuma umoya ezikhethekileyo - imingxuma umoya. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba imitywino wangena izimvu kwi Arctic Ocean ngokusebenzisa kumntla Yenisei River kunye Angara River kwi-Ice Age.

zezinto mihla

Phakathi kwezinye izilwanyana edume ezisoloko zikho ingabizwa amajoni Marsupials kunye Oviparous. Le paleoendemiki endala kwakhona ngokuba iifosili ophilileyo. Phakathi kwezi izazi ziye iqela eseyiphantse ukungabikho Crossopterygii. Le amaphiko zezi abameli zobukumkani amanzi kubekwa ngamaphiko kwezihlunu. Namhlanje, i iisampula kuphela Crossopterygii afumanekile 1938 intlanzi ikho ekuthiwa coelacanth. Olunye uhlobo le ntlanzi ubomi kwi unxweme olusemazantsi nasempuma Afrika, kunye nezinye - kufutshane nesiqithi Sulawesi e Indonesia.

Iintlobo ezisoloko zikho abaninzi ezidweliswe kwi-Book oluBomvu. Phakathi kwabo - isengozini ulwandle lweCaspian ngetywina. Kwimimandla efudumeleyo, i-West Indian macaques lvinohvosty ephilileyo enemithi, South, ekwabizwa ngokuba Vander kubo on Earth akukho ngaphezulu kwe ezibini nesiqingatha amawaka. Enye iintlobo abuthatha izilwanyana nofudo emhlabeni angonoka igama.

Igama elithi "zikho" kwaye zinentsingiselo yokomfuziselo, ngamanye amaxesha liphuzu ukusebenzisa xa ethetha kwiiyantlukwano zenkcubeko, ezenzeka kwi ngenkcazo, inkolo, okanye naliphi na elinye iqela lendawo.