Natural nezentlalo okungaphakathi komntu. Antroposotsiogeneza ngxaki. Umanyano lwe zendalo, ezentlalo kunye lokomoya umntu

sobulumko Russian kwinkulungwane XIX V. S. Solovev wanikela inkcazelo yomntu ngokuthi kwezentlalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iingcinga zeenduli ubukho, injongo kunye Credo azikho Isiphelo sakhe buqu kunye nentlalo-ntle, kwaye zijolise isiphelo loluntu lonke uluntu. Xa ukuqonda isiphelo lwentlalo yombhali kukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuthetha enye into - imisebenzi ephambili collective ngaphezu amaxabiso ngamnye kunye neemfuno. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo ubhalo: "Yintoni na le zendalo kunye zentlalo umntu" Ngaba oko kusengqiqweni ebomini bakhe? Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, akukho ukuqonda ngokufanayo inkqubo wesiseko yesazisi. Le yingxaki Sciences ezininzi ukufunda le mibuzo.

bemvelo nezentlalo umntu: le antroposotsiogeneza ingxaki

Antroposotsiogenez - kukufunda lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa womntu. Imela kwikota ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Anthropos" - abantu, "Socio" - yoluntu, "genesis" - nophuhliso. Le ndawo yophando lifunda ze zendalo nentlalo okungaphakathi komntu. Antroposotsiogenez kwakhona ijonge indima weqela kunye noluntu kule nkqubo. Ekhaya imfihlakalo ngamnye, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono isayensi - umanyano umntu wemvelo, ezentlalo kunye lokomoya.

Mbono imvelaphi

• Ithiyori lokuqala - zenkolo. Oku kuquka impembelelo amagunya awongamileyo kaThixo kunye ukubonakala umntu "nto", "ngokuthanda angaphezu kwendalo." Oku njalo-ebizwa theory non-yenzululwazi.
• Okwesibini ithiyori - inguqu anthropoid iinkawu ibe ngabantu. It wabonakala ukukhululwa kwenkulungwane XIX ethi zikaDarwin "Descent of Man lokukhetha ngokwesondo". umsebenzi wakhe longeze Engels kwincwadi yakhe "Indima Labasebenzi weNguqu ukusuka lwenkawu ukuya Man." Kakade ke, ngoku omninzi elibanjwa kwidilesi zabo. Hayi ngokupheleleyo sigaba ecacileyo ngendaleko, ayichazi imiba emininzi enxulumene utshintsho yemfuza, njl njl nangoku akafumaneki ekuthiwa-ikhonkco yexeshana - .. Ngoko lo mbono, ange wafumana ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa kwaye iye yaba postulate. Kodwa inye into esiqiniseke ngayo - nanku ukutyhilwa lwenzululwazi yokuqala, ezichaza imvelaphi non-waphezulu. kwifuthe lazo uluntu nje emangalisa. Akukho mntu ngaphambi nesibindi umngeni unqulo, bemkhanyela uMnini ngokupheleleyo oko. Kodwa ithiyori ngoyaba le zendalo nentlalo kulo umntu kunye nolwalamano kwabo. Oko kukuthi okunene lasebenzisa kwi silwanyana.
• Ingcamango sesithathu - ingqiqo biosocial. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kuyaqondakala ukuba le ndoda - ntle yoluntu yendalo. Mbono bakholelwa ukuba uluntu akukho impembelelo ngaphantsi kwi yimbonakalo yomntu okrelekrele ngaphezu izinto zendalo. ingqiqo Uphuhliso Biosocial ivele okubonakala ukungangqinelani ka kaDarwin. WezaBasebenzi, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, Kakade ke, waphenjelelwa kakhulu ukuyilwa loo mntu, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba, kunye kubonakaliswa zentlalo. Umzekelo, uphuhliso engqesho ukuvela ngemipu, wahamba ngaxeshanye ukuphuculwa intetho, kubonisa osezingqondweni, umbono yokuziphatha. Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - utshintsho qualitative, nto leyo olukhulu efanayo kwenye inkalo. Kucacile kangaka amaphononongo yezembali, le nto akucaci yeyiphi into ibe - zendalo okanye ekuhlaleni.

Kodwa yintoni na kokwemvelo zentlalo umntu? Social isayensi olunika ingcaciso ngalo mba.

Enye indlela okubonakala kolu luvo - ukufuna ukuqonda bulumko zehlabathi, ukukhangela intsingiselo ebomini. Kutheni, kuba yintoni na siphila? Nganye, Kakade ke, uya kusabela ngamnye kumbuzo. Kuxobekeka kwezo kwinkcubeko, ngobukrelekrele, nezithethe. Kodwa, okubalulekileyo koko ivela kwi umntu ekuhlaleni - lo ulwazi ubandakanyeka uluntu, kumanyano ayo emhlabeni. ngamnye nganye nethontsi encinane kuphela kwinkqubo karhulumente. Umanyano kubonakala nje kuphela intsebenziswano kunye nabanye, kodwa nendalo, umhlaba, umhlaba. Abantu kuluntu kufuneka siphile ngokuvisisana nabanye kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle. Ukuba oku zendalo nentlalo okungaphakathi komntu.

Ingxaki ngenjongo yobomi

Nobunye kulo mba no. Kukho iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezisisiseko kuyo wongezelela ngenye indlela.

• Lokuqala - intsingiselo yobomi uncamathiselo kwasemhlabeni ubukho.
• Okwesibini - isuswe ehlabathini, besithi ubomi emhlabeni idlule. Le ngcamango ubalisa intsingiselo yobomi neenqobo, hayi anxulumene kubantu abahlala emhlabeni.

Ababona ngayo kule ngxaki baninzi, ukusukela zobulumko zamandulo zesayensi mihla.

langaphambi kobuKristu ukutolika

Abaphengululi Pre-lamaKristu ezifana Aristotle, owayephila BC ngenkulungwane IV, intsingiselo yobomi ebotshelelwe ebavalelayo ukuba bafumane ulonwabo. Kodwa lo mqondo siqu kuphela. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho pundits, abanye kubona oko isidima, abanye - ngomgwebo, kunye nabanye - kubulumko.

ukutolika ephakathi

Yawona of the Ages Aphakathi intsingiselo yobomi ebotshelelwe ngokwazi kwimikhosi kaThixo, ubulumko eliphezulu uMdali. Ekufundeni iindlela kwale mfundiso kufuneka ibe iBhayibhile, icawa kunye neencwadi ibandla, nezityhilelo kaThixo abangcwele njalo njalo. D. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba izifundo zenzululwazi zendalo izicelo evakalayo njenge singene ebumnyameni kunye nokungahoyi. Kwakhona kwakukholelwa ukuba ihlombe nesayensi lukhona.

abalandeli Modern of postulates ephakathi

Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuza kuthi ga kule kwicala eninzi yabalandeli. Njengoko imizekelo yophuhliso womonakalo inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe zizinto ezifana ezifunyaniswe njengoko iziqhushumbisi atomic hydrogen. Kwakusazeka ukuba ayakwazi embalwa imizuzu ngokupheleleyo kutshabalalisa umhlaba. Uphuhliso esizisebenzelayo mveliso, ibinza zokusingqongileyo, eyenza ukuba angakulungeli yokuphila. Isiphumo soku kunokwenziwa ingqalelo yaphula imozulu, ukududulelwa zezibonda, ukuphambuka ukusuka ezimanyeneyo planethi, njalo njalo. D. ulonwabo olukhulu kakhulu, intsingiselo yobomi ngenxa abalandeli kolu luvo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namanye kunye nendalo nganye. Eyona njongo ephambili - ukugcina umhlaba ukulungiselela izizukulwana ezizayo, ukuyeka etshabalalisayo nje.

Renaissance

Zobulumko kwexesha, oko kukuthi eyona nabameli German isikolo oosonzululwazi, bacinga ukuba intsingiselo oluntu ubukho uqulathwe ku zokuziphatha kwiphulo, utitshala azigcine ngokuziphuhlisa self-nolwazi. It iinkcuba Kant Hegel. Bamela ukuba logama nje sifunda ukuba siziqonde, simanyene, asisayi siqonde ihlabathi. Abazange ukunqaba amandla kaThixo, kodwa azibopha engaphakathi ongaziwayo ntu. Nangona akafundi ukuphila ngokuvisisana wena, akuyi kuba ngokuvisisana kuluntu kunye nehlabathi. Umzekelo, ukuba kunyanzelekile categorical ka kant wenza siqonde oku. Yalo esentloko yemfundiso zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• musa ukuyenza kubantu izinto awufuni ukuba bazenze kuwe;
• Phatha abanye ngendlela ofuna ukuba bazenze kuwe.

I-sobulumko enkulu Kungaphikiswa ukuba enye kufuneka aqonde, ihlabathi alamazi bemilo iimvakalelo zabo. izimvo zakhe kufutshane kakhulu ngokwemithetho zonqulo. Umzekelo, "Musani ukugweba kwenu ningagwetywa", kunye nezinye izinto oyiNgcwele nemiBhalo enye indlela.

iziphumo

Ngoko ke, yintoni na le zendalo kunye zentlalo umntu? I mfutshane Impendulo yile: oko kukuthi uluntu ngenjongo yobomi, ubukho ngokuvisisana wakho, nabantu kunye nendalo.