Mushroom kwifama - ingcamango ishishini lakho

ishishini zonke luhlobo ingeniso, leyo ijonge phantse sonke. Kule mihla wonke umntu ufuna ukuzimela ngokwezimali kwaye wenze baziphilisa ngayo umsebenzi lowo of kakhulu umdla. Ngenxa kungenjalo umsebenzi uya kubonakala yomsebenzi onzima. Kule meko, unomvuzo elungileyo ube ishishini njenge ifama mushroom.

Ukuxhasa oku kunokukhokelela-manani, ngokutsho nguwuphi kwisithathu lilonke ephilileyo labemi kwi kummandla eRashiya, ukhetha ukwanela ngamakhowa. Noko ke, abanye ithunyelwa uphendlo elizimeleyo kubo, kodwa inkoliso kwiimarike abatyelela ixesha okonga okanye iivenkile apho amakhowa ziqokelelwe yaye wabashiya kuphela pick up Noko ke, ukuba kukho imali ethile. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso liyenyuka kunyaka ngamnye yi-20-25%.

Isizathu sokuba imfuno ebanzi

Ukwanda kweemfuno amakhowa kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ixabiso yabo xa kuthelekiswa ne elwandle okanye inyama iimveliso. Yona iingenelo, isiqulatho izimbiwa umzimba womntu kwezondlo, bona ngaphantsi iimveliso ekhankanywe.

Ngenxa kwiimveliso izixa amakhulu protein kunye neeminerali (potassium, phosphorus, isalfure, nemagnesium, kunye nezinye izinto) ziyalandeleka noshishino neyona ezifana mushroom ekhaya efama. Oyster mushroom, mushroom, amakhowa shiitake - zonke ezi amakhowa nje yokugcina yokwenene imizimba yethu.

Nto layiva kakuhle, amakhowa ezomisiweyo wendele abantu ngeyona ndlela, kunokuba ezintsha. Kwaye ngenxa yobukho kuhlanganiselo unsaturated okunamafutha iindonga imithambo yegazi lungenzeki Ityuwa.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo zokwenza ushishino

Ziziphi iinkalo HIV igcwele ishishini mushroom? Okokuqala, yinto encinci sentlawulo phantsi, nto leyo alwenzeki kunye namashishini zonke. Ezinye izinto ezinzima zezi:

• hayi ngamaxesha kwindalo;
• ipesenti ephezulu inzuzo;
• ukuba iye inyuka ngokunyuka kwimarike Russian;
• Isoutbos ukuvunwa veki zonke;
• a zeendawana ingasetyenziswa ukuya izihlandlo ezithathu.

Ukongeza, ukuba senza kwifama mushroom, wena musa ukuba bahlawule imali eninzi kwizakhiwo irente.

Ngelishwa, imisebenzi enjalo nazo neengxaki akhoyo. Enye yezi kunzima ukuthengisa imveliso yayo Wholesalers. Kunzima ukuba agcine iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso eyiyo nomngundo.

Yintoni eya kwenziwa?

Amaxesha amaninzi abo ezijongene imfuneko uvule ishishini, becela ngento eniza kuyithengisa okanye ezibonelela ngeenkonzo. Xa ucinga, kulo mzekelo umzekelo kwifama mushroom, kukho namacandelo eemarike eziliqela apho iimveliso ezinokubonelelwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

• fresh:
• kungahlala;
• eyakhiwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha imarike nga kumana kunye amakhowa ezomileyo. Njengoko umlawuli jikelele kwiziko "School of mushroom" A. V. Hrenov, Russian market imveliso entsha izaliswe malunga-22%; 28% le mushrooms eyakhiwe. I-50% - eyona nto ukutya zibambene.

Ukuxhasa eli shishini njenge ifama mushroom kufuneka eze data ezithile umdla kumthengisi enkulu. Emva ngo-2004, kurhwebo lwasekhaya izele amakhowa frozen ukuya amawaka 15. Iitoni, kwaye isixa esipheleleyo kwemveliso luncedo yaba ku-30 amawaka. Iitoni. Ngoxa iingcali zorhwebo kubiza amanye amanani - 60 kweetoni eziliwaka .. Kwaye ingxenye ahambele phambili ukuba kanye emkhenkceni amakhowa, apho imfuno yona iya isonyuka ngonyaka nge-30% kunyaka.

Umthamo uwonke yokuselelwa amakhowa ukuba wonke-2003 yaba ku ths phantse ngama-500. Iitoni, okulingana ukusebenzisa umntu ngamnye ubuncinane 3 kg le mveliso. Thelekisa, eUnited States per capita okwabangela ukuba akukho ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 kg amakhowa. Ngenxa yoko, simenza ukucinga ngento eniza kuyithengisa emalikeni.

ukuqala phi?

Nawuphi na umsebenzi ishishini, kuqukwa ifama mushroom ekhaya lugqityiwe ngaphandle yingqokelela abanobuchule yesicwangciso soshishino. Enkosi kuye, ungenza isigqibo izigaba ezibalulekileyo apho kufuneka kuphumelele. Cwangcisa ukuze sikhule kunye nokuphumeza fungi kungaquka iqela amanyathelo ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka kuyo ukuba:

• bathenge imbewu;
• alungiselele zeendawana (material ekrwada);
• ukukhula ngqo awafanele;
• ukuthengisa impahla.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula imiba yokukhethwa izixhobo, ukuqesha abasebenzi uthabathe ingqalelo inani neminye imiba, kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Kodwa ke ukuba ufumana kuqala kunathi kwaye uzame ukuba zilithathele ingqalelo eli hlobo lweshishini kuvela macalana onke.

Icala lomthetho komba

Phambi kokuba uqale ukususa isenzo, kuyimfuneko ukusombulula icala lomthetho weshishini. Ekubeni akadliwa ukutya, kuyimfuneko ukusombulula eminye imiba kunye karhulumente phambi kokuqalisa ifama mushroom. Eli shishini kufuna kokudlula kwi inkqubo yobhaliso yemisebenzi yabo nokubonelelwa kwedatha kwiofisi yerhafu. It inokufana entrepreneur ngamnye, ngokutsho ikhowudi NACE - A.01.12.31. Emva koko ke kufuneka ukhethe inkqubo irhafu. Kule meko iza kwanelaukukhetha irhafu enye yezolimo.

Okulandelayo kufuneka kubuya izakhiwo ezimbalwa. Kuba Okokuqala, ungaya nabahloli umlilo semvume. Okulandelayo kufuneka uqinisekise umgangatho weemveliso, apho kuyimfuneko ukuthumela inyanda amakhowa kucazululo. Ukuba konke kuhambe kakuhle, elabhoratri inika isiqinisekiso esemgangathweni ngalo ukuqala ishishini.

Kuphela kusafuneka ukukhupha iqela amaxwebhu, omnye wabo - yinto mvume okunika ilungelo lokuthengisa obude. Enye uxwebhu - isatifiketi ngasendle. Kwakhona ayikho buhlungu ukufumana imiyalelo iimveliso zokugcina kunye zokuhamba.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ekrwada

inyathelo ishishini kakhulu kukuba zokukhetha izixhobo ekrwada ukusuka apho amakhowa ezilinywa mushroom efama. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, mycelium, okanye kusetyenziswa, njengokuba kubhaliwe ebizwa kwakhona - mycelium. Le mbewu usisiseko kudla zingathengwa phantse naluphi ifama mushroom. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba sele benamava, buyakwazi ngokwayo.

Ngokuthenga ekuthiwa imbewu mvume, kuqala kwiinto zonke, sinokuqiniseka ubulunga bayo. mycelium Good ezahlukeneyo emhlophe, ikhala ngendlela mushroom ivumba elithozamisayo kwaye azinazo naziphi na amabala. Musa ukuba eyimposiso ukubuza umthengisi ubukho mvume, leyo kufuneka nakanjani na.

Le zeendawana sesibini izinto eziyimfuneko ekrwada - phezu kwayo kunye makhowa zikhule. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba uzenze. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ukwakhiwa ke zibandakanywe umququ (ingqolowa, irye, nerhasi), neflakisi Kostritsa kunye amadiza ingqolowa. Ke kwifama mushroom wamnika kwisivuno ngakumbi, ungongeza ziqendwana zilandelayo:

• kwimbuphu yesarha;
• chips;
• bephupha;
• imigangatho kunye nezinye zasekhaya.

Nge self-lokuvelisa into zeendawana engundoqo - ukuqinisekisa ukuba kusetyenziswa izinto ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo ekrwada. Kungenjalo, unako zoyiswe kwezityalo elikhulu, kwaye umgangatho amakhowa ngenxa liphela kubukho bamachiza ezahlukeneyo kukushiya ukuba ezinqwenelekayo.

Ukuthenga zeendawana ukulungele kbavelisi ezahlukeneyo sinokuqiniseka ukuba kg-10 of raw materials zikhuliswa kwi 2 kg fungi. Kakade ke, ukuba zonke iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze kulinywe yabo. Kuphela kubalulekile kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba imali zeendawana ilingana neendleko 1 kg amakhowa ngexabiso lehoseyile.

Champignons neenkowane Oyster

Phambi lokuvula imisebenzi yayo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi nkcukacha. Akukho Okungumahluko ifama mushroom, akadliwa iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ezahlukileyo bume sophuhliso. Kuba zeendawana apho amakhowa ezilinywa, kungcono ukusebenzisa udiza lwengqolowa. Kuqala kufuneka ngokucokisekileyo koma, aphulwe, yaye zifakwe emanzini. Ekubeni iindiza ulifunxa kakuhle, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe umlinganiselo 2.5 izahlulo yolwelo okuyingxenye 1 straw. Emva koko, kwi iindiza emanzi kufuneka ukongeza umgquba okanye inkukhu umgquba , kwaye ushiye nokuvuthwa umgquba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthatha iiveki ezimbini, kunye nezinto ezizodwa ovundileyo asetyenziswa yaba emoyeni.

Le ikhomposti Luhle nokukhula isivuno amakhowa, neenkowane Oyster. Kodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi ethatha ixesha elide ukudala ngenxa elidluleyo musa ukusebenzisa nto, ngokuba ungenza yindlela elula - zeendawana.

igumbi

Khangela nokukhethwa kweendawo abafanelekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule ishishini njenge ifama mushroom, amakhowa ufuna iimeko kangangoko kuphuhliso. Sele abanamava oosomashishini kulo mzekelo ubabalweyo amagumbi zokulima, leyo zixhaswa iimeko eziyimfuneko microclimate. Ngoko nkqu inqanaba umxholo dioxide carbon zisenokwahluka, ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba yophuhliso zomngundo.

Kodwa oosomashishini makhwelo kunokwenzeka opt ongcolileyo, ukuphalaza okanye kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Le ndawo ikhethiweyo kufuneka axhotyiswe anoomatshini bokungenisa kunye zokufudumeza. Iqondo lobushushu kufuneka zigcinwe kufuphi 12-16, kodwa izidanga akukho ngaphezulu kwama-25. Kubalulekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umgangatho ophezulu ukufuma - ukuya ku-80 okanye 90%. Ngokwephanyazo elincinane kulula ukugcina, kwanele ukuba unkcenkceshele iingxowa kunye zeendawana. Kodwa ukuba uceba imveliso ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, alikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle izimiso moya kunye kuzo izinto.

Ukwakhiwa kwifama mushroom kuthetha ubukho kule ndawo iintambo kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi ungaphazanyiswa. Kufuneka uthathe unonophelo kokususwa surplus yayo.

Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani, nantsi into ekufaneleke ukuba siyicinge isikali kwimveliso. Ukuqala sinokukhetha igumbi esine eriya ezingama-15 ukuya kuma-20. m. Noko ke, ukuba kwixesha elizayo siceba ukwandisa imveliso, izakhiwo kufuneka ukhethe advance enkulu. It zingathengwa okanye eziqeshiweyo. konke kuxhomekeke kubungakanani yotyalo-mali sokuqala. Ukuba unayo imali eyaneleyo, kungcono ukuthenga nje egumbini, kungenjalo uhlala yezindlu.

Ngaphandle ukusuka kwindawo yomsebenzi iphambili kweli gumbi kuyimfuneko nokubonelela isithuba ukugcinwa kunye pasteurization le zeendawana. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukwenza ngcono indawo kuncedo.

izixhobo

Umbuzo indawo yonke into ixhomekeke kuhlobo isiko liya kukhula mushroom efama. Oyster ngokuphathelele koku Amakhowa nabalulamileyo kunye champignons kufuneka iimeko ezithile. Ngokubhekiselele izixhobo zobugcisa, kufuneka ibandakanye uluhlu izixhobo:

• a egumbini apholisayo;
• kuzo izinto;
• heater;
• generator umphunga.

Xa sikhula amakhowa Oyster nabo kufuneka iingxowa, apho baya kukhula. Ukuqokelela uyawathanda, ungasebenzisa iibhokisi ngomthi okanye iplastiki. izinto ezithengwe ekrwada, xa umququ ethile, kufuneka baye kufumana unyango thermal. Ngenxa yoku, neejenereyitha umphunga ethengiweyo, apho kukho inkqubo pasteurization. Ukuba igumbi kukhanya ngokwaneleyo zendalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba anyamekele ekufunyanweni izibane ezibengezelayo.

ukugaywa

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ifama mushroom eRashiya ifuna intonga, njengoko omnye usomashishini ukumelana ishishini onjalo, kungakhathaliseki indlela wazama. Yaye ngoko ukwenzela ukuchuma ityala kwaye ukuze uphephe ilahleko kufuneka acinge yokuqesha abasebenzi.

iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zabasebenzi elizayo apho, ekubeni kwilizwe lethu abafundiswa iziseko gribovedeniya. I-prerequisite kuphela xa yokuqesha abasebenzi - kukuba incwadi yezempilo. Njengoko nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi, kwicala abaviwa ndamkele ukungabikho imikhwa emibi, ingqibelelo, ukunyaniseka. Ungafuna ukuba oyingcali kule ndawo, kuphela umvuzo uya kuba ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo. Njengoko kukho ukhetho, wosondeza ipesenti evela kwintengiso amakhowa.

Indlela abantu abaninzi baya kusebenza efama kuxhomekeke umthamo imveliso nase. Ukuba umthamo izicwangciso kuthetha zikhula ukuya 50-100 kg amakhowa ngosuku, ngoko abantu ababini ukumelana ngokupheleleyo kulo msebenzi. Ukuba umthamo mkhulu - 200-300 kg imihla ngemihla, abasebenzi kufuneka kwandiswe abantu-3 okanye ezi-4.

Kodwa aba bantu baya kusebenza ngqo ngamakhowa. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba siqeshe abasebenzi ababini okanye umntu omnye ukuya preform zeendawana. Nomnye uya kujongana nemiba yokuthengisa. Ukuba akukho umqeshi malunga nemicimbi yemali, kuyimfuneko ukuba wamkele umsebenzi wengqesho mali.

ngokuthengiswa kweempahla

Xa ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso soshishino kubalulekile ukuba iquke i-fungi nto yokuthengisa. Abathengi Main inokufumaneka phakathi:

• ezinkulu;
• iimarike;
• abathengi basehowuliseyili;
• shops;
• kwiivenkile zokutyela.

Ukususela ngokombono ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo, inzala inkulu abathengi lehoseyile. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uthengise iibhetshi enkulu imveliso, nto leyo iba nefuthe elakhayo ekukhuleni ingeniso.

Kodwa ke into ekufaneleke ukuba siyicinge kukuba ixabiso lehoseyile ngexabiso ngezantsi-imarike amakhowa. Kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye, umngcipheko umonakalo imveliso liyehla kakhulu. A kancinane ukunciphisa iindleko zokuhamba kwamaziko emveliso mushroom kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane esixekweni.

ukubala inzuzo

Inxalenye sezimali isicwangciso, equka iindleko kunye ingeniso kungenzeka, kufuneka nazo zibonelelwe. Ezi zinto zilandelayo ziya kubalwa phakathi iindleko:

• Irenti - ukususela-12 ukuya kowe-13 RUR / ngenyanga ...
• iindleko zempahla ekrwada e - malunga nama-80 amawaka engange ..
• Umvuzo labasebenzi - amawaka 35 engange / ngenyanga ...
• imali yezinkonzo - ukusuka engange-9 ukuya kwi-10 amawaka ..
• Uthutho izinto ekrwada kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo - ukusuka engange-16 ukuya ku-17 amawaka ..

Ajongiweyo inzuzo, ukuba uthabathe izixhobo mushroom efama kunye neendleko zidweliswe kuya kufikelela ku-300 lamawaka. Thambisani. kwinyanga edlulileyo. Thathela ingqalelo Intlawulo ngexesha elinye-ukuseta evenkileni, payback ishishini kuthatha iinyanga ezintandathu.