Munich Abemi: labemi, ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga

Kwelinye lamaziko zoshishino inkulu eYurophu isixeko waseJamani ka eMunich. Abemi kuyo ixesha elide sele idlulile kwesigidi. Ukongeza, zako kwidolophu endala, nto leyo iziko benkcubeko kummandla eBavaria. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na yabemi Munich, yintoni na ubukhulu, iimpawu ngokwedemografi, iimeko zayo ophilayo ngaphezulu.

Indawo Geographical eMunich

Phambi kokuba baqale ukufunda yabemi Munich, masifumanise apho ibekwe kulo mzi yaseYurophu.

EMunich ise emzantsi-mpuma Germany kummandla kwisithili solawulo Upper eBavaria nakwimo federal yaseBavaria. Nangona Munich likomkhulu karhulumente federal kunye iziko lolawulo kwisithili, kodwa kwangaxeshanye oku kubhekisela kwinani izixeko 107 eJamani, ukuba isimo vnerayonny.

Imbali Emfutshane eMunich

Ukuze uqonde ukuba Ungaqwalasela indlela yabemi Munich, kubalulekile ukujonga kuyo ngokusebenzisa bemilo kwembali.

Ibali yokuqala ekwahlala kuyo abantu kule mihla ndawo ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi yokuqala, oko kukuthi, kwinkulungwane VIII, xa endulini Petersberg iimonki baqalisa ukuhlala. Baba abantu yokuqala eMunich. Isiqinisekiso zemihla eMunich wabonakala kuphela ngo-1158, kodwa emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe waba idolophu yonke ngamalungelo umlindi. Le dolophu kakhulu ihlalwa Bavarians - subethnos abantu German.

Ngowe-1240, Munich laba impahla Duke Otto of kuphole House of Wittelsbach, ngubani wayeyirhuluneli yaseBavaria kunye Palatinate, ezibe yinxalenye oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma. Ukususela ngoko de 1918 House of Wittelsbach akazange aphulukane ilungelo ilifa umzi ekhankanyiweyo. Ngowe-1255, emva kokuba ukwahlulwa yaseBavaria ibe ngamaqela amabini phakathi bazalwana, Munich saba likomkhulu lesi Duchy of Upper eBavaria. Ngowe-1507, eBavaria kwakhona zadityaniswa a dukedom enye, kodwa nangona kunjalo Munich ayikhange uphulukene nesidima sawo capital, eseleyo embindini iyunayithedi steyitsi. Ngowe-1806 eBavaria iphumelele iwonga yobukumkani. Le Munich achumayo kufikelelwe phantsi uKumkani Ludwig I, nto leyo evela kulwakhiwo, waleka phezu kwayo, wamema apha amaninzi amanani abaziwayo yenkcubeko. Le dolophu sele eyinkunzi yokwenene yenkcubeko kumazantsi eJamani.

Xa lo mzi laqhushumbiswa imikhosi eManyeneyo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Emva kwemfazwe, uKumkani yaseBavaria ubalekile kweli lizwe, yaye ngowe-1919 e-Munich, imikhosi abangabaxhasi bakaMarx wavakalisa ukusungulwa wohlobo Soviet Republic. Noko ke, ngaphantsi ngenyanga iye yabuyela Bayern kwi German (Weimar Republic).

Kungenxa eMunich zavela imvelaphi ye German nobuNazi. Kwandula ke ngowe-1920 waseka Party lwamaNazi. Ngowe-1923 e-Munich, amaNazi lasungula lika komzamo ongaphumelelanga, ezifumene igama Beer Hall Putsch. Ngowe-1933, amaNazi ngendlela yentando yesininzi wakwazi ukuza ngamandla eJamani. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba Munich ngexesha elifanayo yaba yeyona iphambili intshukumo anti-lwamaNazi phakathi kwizixeko German. Ngexesha Second World War dolophu ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi kusehla emoyeni, apho abemi Munich lacuthwa ngama-25%.

Emva kwemfazwe eMunich yaba kwindawo Melika nomsebenzi. Le dolophu sakhiwa. Ngo-1949 waye wajoyina i-karhulumente omtsha we-Federal Republic of Germany. Munich waba sixeko sikhulu industrial kweli lizwe, kwakunye elinye lamaziko zayo zezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko. Kubukhulu sabantu eJamani kulo indawo yesibini kuphela ezinkulu zesizwe - isixeko eBerlin kunye Hamburg.

labantu

Ngoku lixesha ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na yabemi eMunich. Eli nani isiseko zonke ezinye izibalo yokumiwa komhlaba. Ngoko ke, abemi Munich kukuba ngoku 1526,1 amawaka. Man.

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, oku kubangelwa wesithathu inani abemi eJamani. Thelekisa, eBerlin 3490,1 amawaka abantu abahlala Hamburg -.... 1803,8 amawaka abantu, yaye isixeko yesine ukuba likhulu Germany Cologne - 1017,2 amawaka abantu ..

Le Dynamics utshintsho labantu

Ngoku makhe sifunde ukutshintsha indlela the Dynamics sabemi sixeko. Munich kakhulu linyuke ngulo mlinganiselo, nangona kukho amaxesha xa inani labahlali zehla okwethutyana.

Siqala uhambo lwakho ukususela-1840, xa Munich likomkhulu lobukumkani. Ke wahlala amawaka 126,9. Abantu. Inani labemi lakhula de 1939. Ngoko ke, ngo-1871 sasifana 193,0 amawaka abantu, ngo-1900 - .. 526,1 amawaka abantu 1925 - .. 720,5 amawaka abantu 1939 - .. 840,2 amawaka abantu. . Kodwa Second World War, iziphumo apho ukuhlanganisa kumadoda omkhosi, kwakunye kuqhuma isixeko imikhosi eManyeneyo, iye kakhulu inciphise inani. Munich inabemi Census 1950 830.8 amawaka. Abantu., Kodwa kukhuselekile ukuba inani labahlali yaba ngaphantsi nkqu kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kwemfazwe. Kodwa ke waqalisa kuvuka. Ngoko ke, ngo-1960 inani sele idlulile kwesigidi, ngaloo ndlela emisela irekhodi yesixeko, yaye baba ukuya 1101,4 thous. INH. Ngowe-1970, esi sixeko sele omiweyo 1312 amawaka. INH.

Kodwa ke eMunich, Noko ke, njengoko lonke eJamani, wayiqonda crisis yezibalo. Izinga ukuzalwa sehla ngokubalulekileyo nokwanda zokwazisa uluntu uxanduva umntwana. Ngowe-1980, abemi wayewele kwinqanaba 1298,9 amawaka. Keli., Ngowe-1990 yehle ukuya amawaka 1229,0. Keli., Yaye 2000 ukuya 1210,2 amawaka. Abantu.

Nangona kunjalo, kwisithuba elilandelayo inani abahlali baqala ukukhula kwakhona. Sele ngo-2009 ukuba ifikelele kumgangatho irekhodi yonke imbali yangaphambili - 1330,4 amawaka INH .. Kodwa oku kukhula akamthintelanga. Ngo-2013 inani labantu ekufikelelwe lomzobo 1407,8 amawaka INH, ngo-2015 -. 1405,4 amawaka abantu, yaye ngoku yena 1526,1 amawaka INH ... inani oku kukhula labemi esixekweni usaqhubeka.

nengxinano yabemi

Ummandla kummandla ahlala kuyo Munich, i 310,4 square metres. km. Ukwazi le ndawo kunye sabantu, kulula ukubala nobuninzi bayo eMunich. Okwangoku ke abantu 4890 / macala onke. M. km.

Thelekisa, khangela lexinene kwezinye izixeko enkulu eJamani. E Berlin kuba abantu 3834 / macala onke. M. km, Hamburg -. abantu 2388,6 / macala km. km,. yaye e Cologne -. abantu 2393 / macala km. km. Ngenxa yoko, nathi uchaze ukuba eMunich ukwanda kunokuba high babantu.

kuqamba yobuhlanga

Ngoku sifumanisa oko abantu iintlanga bahlala kwikomkhulu yaseBavaria - Munich. Uninzi lwabemi baba amaJamani, uninzi lwazo enxulumene subethnos Bavarians. Abanye ethnographers baye bazama ekwahluleni phakathi uhlanga eyahlukileyo, njengoko inkcubeko kunye lwesigodi yahluke kakhulu ukusuka ezinye yabemi eJamani.

Kodwa oluninzi ekhaya kubaphambukeli abasuka kwamanye amazwe, kunye nabantu ngabemi amazwe, kuquka nabo ubume bobumbacu. Ipesenti Abahlali ezinjalo ngaphezu kwe-25% yenani lilonke zabahlali. Kodwa ukhuseleko loluntu yabemi Munich isebenza kuninzi kubo.

Munich, kakhulu phakathi kwabantu basemzini ezivela eTurkey. Inani labo amawaka-39.4. Abantu. Ukongeza, abaphambukeli ezininzi ukusuka Croatia (29.3 amawaka. Keli.), Greece (26.4 thous. INH.), Italy (26.0 thous. INH.), Austria (21.8 thous. INH.) Poland (21.1 thous. INH.), Bosnia and Herzegovina (16.5 thous. INH.), Romania (16.2 thous. INH.), Serbia (13.5 thous. INH.). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumaxesha kutshanje ingakumbi wokufika enamandla abavela kumazwe Arab, ikakhulu Aram. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki nje kuphela eMunich okanye eJamani, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwangaxeshanye, Munich likhaya inani elikhulu sabahlali abanentsukaphi ovela ngokunxulumene nenani labantu bebonke ezidolophini (xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu German).

inkolo

Phantse isiqingatha sabantu Munich akuthethi akangowakhe naluphi na uluntu yonqulo. Aba bantu benza malunga nama-45% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. Ngelo xesha 33.1% abemi amarhamente yamaRoma Katolika, 11,9% - amaProtestanti, 7.2% - amaSilamsi, 0.3% - amaYuda, yaye omnye 0.7% ngamalungu nezinye iinkolo.

ulawulo isixeko Munich izama ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo abo bonke ukuvuma zonqulo kweso sixeko.

umsebenzi

Ngoku makhe sibone oko kwiindawo ekuhlala yabemi eMunich. Inkcazelo kwimimandla engundoqo imveliso esixekweni, esilishumayelayo ngezantsi.

Isebe iphambili kuqoqosho Munich yeyona zobunjineli, ingakumbi ishishini leemoto kunye moya. Ngoko ke, lo mzi ebebambe mveliso enkulu imoto eJamani, kuyinto brand kunye negama lonke - BMW (wohlobo Motor Works). Le nkampani inika uluntu imisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-100 amawaka.

Umzi mveliso elektroniki i (group Siemens). Ukongeza, Munich yenye lamaziko yemveliso utywala likhulu ehlabathini.

Kodwa ushishino - hayi nje kuphela indlela uqoqosho lwesixeko. Ngophuhliso apha kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi ezikumila zemali, njengoko Munich liziko zebhanki enkulu.

ukhuseleko Social

Njengoko ezininzi nakwezinye izixeko ye-European Union, eMunich, ixhaswe ngemilinganiselo ophezulu entlalweni. Ngokukodwa, ukuqesha abangasebenziyo kunye nentlawulo iinzuzo wabo embindini yengqesho. Yabemi Munich ngoko omzimba ukusuka iingxaki ezithi zenzeke emva ilahleko komsebenzi.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngaphandle ukhuselo olwaneleyo ukuhlala njengoko iimbacu kunye nezinye bokufika. Kananjalo ingqalelo abantu ezenza yabemi eMunich. Ukufudukela kwenye Service kunye namanye amaziko asekuhlaleni, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho ngo-German kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko loluntu.

iimpawu ngokubanzi yabemi eMunich

Munich sisixeko lesithathu ngokuthandwa ngabantu eJamani, iziko inkulu ezoshishino kunye nezenkcubeko eli lizwe. Okwangoku, ukunyuka rhoqo kwenani yabemi waphawula, ebonelela kuquka abasebenzi, ngubani akhawunti malunga-25% yenani lilonke abemi eMunich. Malunga nesiqingatha abemi abaninzi beso sixeko ukuba abangawo naluphi na unqulo. Phakathi amakholwa uninzi amaKatolika.

Ngokubanzi, sinokuthi, eMunich amathemba enkulu yabantu kunye noqoqosho.