Mount Qomolangma: indawo kunye ezihambelanayo

Umendo elide ibhanti entabeni yonke njengokunyathelwa ngalo lonke Eurasia. Wathabatha emva konyawo French Alps, kudlulela kwizikhewu ezikule yoMzantsi Vietnam. Highest entabeni chain lomqolo omkhulu owaziwa malayas.

intaba ufana nokulatyuza onzima uvalo, oko yanyuselwa emazulwini. Crest, ibe sengozini, engumkhenkce ngamatye, ebekwa yi-Great malayas. Xa uluhlu engundoqo zeHimalaya, lithatha ecaleni borderland ka Tibet kunye Nepal, anamathele eziphezulu 11. Ngalunye uluhlu entabeni apho anakho ngaphezu kweemitha 8000.

amagama ngembali ephezulu zokhahlamba

Apha, kwi "indawo ikhephu obungunaphakade" ezweni China, oko wazolula Mount Qomolangma - Osenyangweni zeHimalaya "thousanders ezisibhozo-" kuluhlu. Ezintabeni isigebenga, kukho esibhakabhakeni kwiziko ephakamileyo, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo, kukho amagama amabini. abahlali Nepal igama Sagarmatha - "UNdikhoyo esibhakabhakeni."

ETibet ukubiza Chomolungma top (in translation - "yothixokazi of Umhlaba"). Kuba baseYurophu, oko - kwincopho Mount Everest. Bathi igama entabeni ukuze xa India wayekhathazwa likwalixesha kwamathanga, phantsi kwedyokhwe Great Britain, nenkonzo nezobhalo karhulumente ngamakhoboka ekhokelwa Major D. Everest, oye wafunda inkqubo intaba eyenziwe ngabantu.

Top of the zehlabathi

massif zeHimalaya kuthathwa ukuba ibe yindawo ekhethekileyo. Kule ikona ingummangaliso na imithombo ye-Indus kunye iGanges. Chinese Mount Qomolangma kunye nemeko yayo ephezulu lisaziwa phambi kwabantu Yehlabathi Elitsha. iimonki Tibetan emazantsi yomntla "phezulu ezulwini," waseka eMonastri Ronkbuk obambeleyo namhlanje.

Ngaphambi kokuba umntu ejongene cloister kwintendelezo engaphakathi sinandipha emehlweni omangalisayo - iqala kwintaba zinto ubuhle emangalisayo. Ubuhle kwincopho ozukileyo ziviwa ukusuka kwentaba ezikufutshane ukuya kubo kwiikhilomitha ezininzi kude.

ukubunjwa Everest

uluhlu zeHimalaya, ngokutsho zokuma, kwasekwa ixesha kwelizwekazi yamandulo ajenos uphuphu. Mpumalanga waqhekeza phezu nembasa. Indian plate ihamba kwicala lasemantla, wabalekela chip yaseYurophu. Ukudibanisa kwipleyiti zone ucinezelo ye kuqweqwe ukuyilwa ezibayeni enkulu, koko wathi malayas.

inkqubo intaba zeHimalaya wambumba isigaba ezintathu grand abaneka ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Kuba nomphakamo ezincinane "predgimalai" inyathelo bokwakha emazantsi. Xa ukuphakama nakummango umalunga 1000 m.

sesifo kakhulu kwimiboniso, ephakama 3500 m. Le inxalenye esemntla ukuphakama zincopho na lo m kuluhlu 6000-8000. Ububanzi ntaba isusela 80-90 km.

Ukukhula zeHimalaya zintaba, ukuba imiswe kude kube ngoku. Izazinzulu iyasiqinisekisa ukuba ukuphakama malayas liyenyuka minyaka 3-10 mm. Le zokhahlamba 75 incopho ngaphezu ukuphakama kuyimitha 7000. Nepalese malayas ingqalelo enyangweni.

Ngaphezu kweento zonke ke nasentshonalanga kunyuka iNtaba Qomolangma. Uphi na top yakhe? It ezinde phezu isibhakabhaka engapheliyo amaTshayina. Le Incopho eliphezulu Mount Everest lingqongwe zezinye iincopho ezinkulu bayila 'uphahla yehlabathi' yokwenene uzibambileyo yamazulu phezu kwehlabathi.

Mount Everest

Intaba peak, ngokuzingca billowing wenyuka ukusuka lasebusika yanaphakade malayas, utsala abakhenkethi ubuhle kunye nobuhle ovusa. A lot of climbers baphupha uboyisa kumathambeka le massif ozukileyo ukwenza iphiramidi ezintathu macala onke. Ukoyisa kwabo iindlela ezintabeni nzima ngokolula kwiimitha 8,848 (oku ukuphakama yeNtaba Qomolangma) - elikhulu!

Ubude ngqo kwincopho esekwe abahloli yaseBritani 1852. Ukususela ngoko kwenziwa iinzame ezininzi ezaziza ndimkhanyele nokubaluleka Everest. Noko ke, bona ziyabhencwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuba bonke boyisakala.

Ngeli lixa isambuku kwiincopho eziphakamileyo ezenza izakhiwo intaba ihlabathi wathobela climbers ukuba "seventhousander" yaye "thousanders-ezisibhozo", nto leyo wambumba Mount Qomolangma, Everest, ukuba uyathanda, i climbers wayengazi nendlela.

Climate Everest

Le steepness ye kwithambeka elingasemzantsi eninzi ngaphezu kwezinye ezimbini. Ikhephu akuthethi ahlale kuyo, kunjalo phambi kwamehlo lwabahambi kubonakala ze eweni. Ezinye kumathambeka alekwe ezihambayo, ndisolulela ukuya kwiimitha 5000.

Unganqakraza kwigama le zika yeNtaba Qomolangma, abakhenkethi bayaqonda ukuba imozulu kwi "phezulu kwehlabathi" ikude lee kakuhle. Xa uluhlu intaba kudlalwa ngaphandle isaqhwithi, ukuba uhlale babeziindleko yayo yingozi kakhulu. Sikali eyeka apha kwi -60 ⁰ C, kwaye umlozi umoya ngesantya ka-200 km / h.

ukucaca Everest

Tsala kazibuthe indawo aphezulu komhlaba kuba ayikholeleki. unyaka Climbers emva konyaka zithunyelwa kwi-East, apho sibekwe Mount Qomolangma, apho incam zincopho zayo ezinkulu zihlaba amafu. Isilingo ukoyisa encotsheni sikhulu, kodwa ubunye kude.

Everest ifilosofi kakhulu. Indlela eya kwincopho wakhe wayalela abo bha બુલેટવાળી kwaye ngumonde, abaziphethe kakubi ngokungakhathali. Udla kukhokelela yintlekele kubo. I climbers yokuqala ukuqala lisanyuka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, wehlelwa fiasco ngenxa izixhobo kakuhle. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala Mount Qomolangma yathotyelwa kwimeko abantu 1953.

Climbers ngokuqhubekayo bakhuphisane nobunzima lisanyuka Mount Everest. Abanye bazama ukwenyuka kumathambeka enomkhenkce ebusika. Okunye engxamele ukuze ekhwela encotsheni ukwala ukuba zifake umoya. abafazi yabasetyhini, amanyene kwiqela, zama ukoyisa indlela enzima ngaphandle abantu.

Noko ke, ukumangala bonke ukususa kuphela lukaReinhold Messner. Ehluphayo Mount Qomolangma wamnika nceba inkulu - ukubeka iirekhodi ezininzi ngexesha! Waye lisanyuka yedwa kwi kwithambeka elingasemntla ingekho ioksijini, woyisa caca ukuya phezulu iintsuku ezi-3. Ngowe-1992, xa kwincopho waqabela climbers 32 kwiqela Russian "Lada-Everest".

Anyuke ngexesha lokugqibela

impumelelo hambo kuxhomekeke kuphela kumgangatho izixhobo, njengoko kwimozulu, nto leyo ebonisa inkululeko kunye nobude kwintaba Qomolangma (27 ° 59'17 "p. m., 86 ° 55'31" kwi. e.), kwakunye ukuphakama kwayo. Ukongeza, abaye soyise kwendawo, zenzeka umoya eliphezulu cleaner.

Ukoyisa peak kunyaka wathumela ngabakhenkethi malunga 500. I-Government of China kunye Nepal ke zazidlala ukufumana ilungelo sikhwele kwamaxandeka ezo ntaba ngqwabalala. Ngoku phantse yonke enyukayo olwenziwe ngokwemiba yorhwebo. Abakhenkethi bayavumelana kwiinkampani ezizodwa ukuze aququzelele recovery kwi kwincopho Mount Everest.

Izikhokelo Professional iza kuhamba abahambi phezulu. iindleko Service climbers 65 000 zeerandi. Le mali ibandakanya uqeqesho, ukubonelela izixhobo kunye nokhuseleko efunekayo (kangangoko kunokwenzeka) entabeni indlela ekusekweni kwemisebenzi. Kuba zokungaqheli kunye nokunyuka kuthatha iinyanga 2.