Mineral nutrition kwezityalo: izinto ezisisiseko kunye nemisebenzi izinto ezahlukeneyo izityalo

Nasiphi na isityalo - ophilileyo oyinyaniso ephilayo, kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba uphuhliso yalo ngokupheleleyo kufuna iimeko ezibalulekileyo: ukukhanya, umoya, ukufuma nesondlo. Bonke bephela bayalingana kunye nokungabikho nempembelelo embi kubume imeko ngokubanzi. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha indima ebalulekileyo kubomi izityalo, njengoko isondlo bezimbiwa.

Features inkqubo ukutya

Ngowuphi owona mthombo uphambili wamandla, ngaphandle apho ukucima zonke iinkqubo zobomi, ukutya kuyimfuneko ukuze umzimba ngamnye. Ngenxa yoko, ukutya - hayi nje kubalulekile, kodwa omnye wemiqathango ephambili ukuba ukukhula kakuhle izityalo, kwaye bafumane ukutya, ndihleli eshukumayo zonke iindawo lwasemoyeni iingcambu. Ngokusebenzisa iingcambu zisuswe kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba kunye iityuwa kwezimbiwa ofunekayo, libuyisele izinto reserve kuyimfuneko, zithwele umhlaba okanye bezimbiwa isondlo kwezityalo.

A indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo yabelwa kweenwele iingcambu, asenjalo nangoku amandla ofanayo elinye igama - ingcambu. Ukusebenzisa ezi whisker kwaneenwele ezi zezityalo inabela baphume ezweni izisombululo zolwelo kwemichiza eyahlukahlukeneyo.

Basebenza kumgaqo kwimpompo kwaye ikule ndawo ke ingcambu kwindawo sokufunxa. isisombululo iityuwa ngokungenisa ijwabu iinwele ukuba usiwe iiseli ukuqhuba - tracheids kunye nempahla. Ngokutsho kwakhe kuwa kweziyobisi ngaphakathi wire kwindawo ingcambu ngakumbi ecaleni zinti kuthunyelwa kuzo zonke iindawo ngentla-komhlaba.

Elements of Mineral ukutya izityalo

Ngoko ke, ukutya amalungu ubukumkani emifuno ezi zizinto ezivela emhlabeni. Power isityalo okanye lomhlaba izimbiwa - Ubunye kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo nokufunxwa kunye nokukhuthaza nokwenziwa leziqalelo ezifumaneka emhlabeni ngohlobo iityuwa kwezimbiwa. Studies of ash eseleyo ukusuka kwisityalo, wabonisa indlela yayo kuhlala imichiza kunye eliqela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo enezityalo azifani. Obu bubungqina bokuba izinto imichiza sebenzi yaye inokuqokelelana izityalo. Ezo amalinge zikhokelele izigqibo zilandelayo: kuthathwa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifumaneka kuzo zonke izityalo - phosphorus, calcium, potassium, isalfure, intsimbi, nemagnesium, kunye Izakha, bemelwe yi-zinc, ikopolo, boron, manganese, kunye nabanye.

Phezu kwazo nje izixa ezahlukeneyo zezi zinto, baya ziyafumaneka nasiphi na isityalo, kunye nokutshintshwa element omnye komnye akunakwenzeka phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Ubukho kwezimbiwa emhlabeni kubalulekile kuba kuchaphazela imveliso yezityalo yezolimo nezidubula zokuhomba. Imihlaba ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinga ezohlukeneyo Ukwanda umhlaba izinto eziyimfuneko. Umzekelo, kwisibanzi epholileyo eRussia waphawula ukunqongophala enkulu nitrogen, iphosphate, yaye ngamanye amaxesha potassium, ke umanyolo mandatory - nitrogen kunye potassium kunye phosphorus. isiqalelo ngasinye eyabelwe indima yawo ebomini kwezityalo kumzimba.

isityalo olufanelekileyo zesondlo (ezimbiwa) ivuselele nophuhliso lobulunga, oluqhutywa kuphela xa zonke izinto eziyimfuneko nangokomthamo ekunene ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala okanye intsalela abathile kubo, izityalo kusabela ukutshintsha umbala njengamagqabi. Ngoko ke, omnye wemiqathango kubalulekile iindlela zokulima isityalo yenzelwe rate isicelo yokuvundisa nezichumisi. Qaphela ukuba abaninzi izityalo ezingcono underfeeding kunokuba overfeeding. Umzekelo, zonke izityalo berry igadi kunye neefom zabo zasendle kuyingozi yi unikezelo kwemfuneko. Funda ngendlela izinto ezahlukeneyo ukusebenzisana esiqwini sesityalo nokuba ngamnye kubo ochaphazelekayo.

nitrogen

Omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke kubalulekile ukuba izityalo zikhule - nitrogen. Kuyinto ekhoyo kuhlanganiselo iiprothini kunye acid. Nitrogen ukunqongophala kubonakala ekutshintsheni umbala amagqabi: Uxwebhu curl kunye bahlazeke kuqala. ukungabikho enkulu ebangela mpilweni ukutyabeka omthubi noluhlaza okanye obomvu-ubhedu. Eyokuqala ichaphazela amagqabi ezindala kwi emazantsi ngamasebe, yaza yajikela esiqwini. Ngenxa okuqhubekayo ukukhula intsilelo zokumisa amasebe kunye iziqhamo elimisiweyo.

Egqithisileyo isichumiso nitrogen iikhompawundi kukhokelela ukuba isiqulatho nitrogen ukwanda emhlabeni. Ngelo xesha kwakukho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza amahlumelo ukukhula kakhulu kunobukhulu eluhlaza, engaquki ukuba isityalo ukuba ukubeka yayisel 'ityatyambile. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba nemveliso kwisityalo lifinyele kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka ekubeni bezimbiwa ukutya okunezondlo zezityalo zomhlaba.

phosphorus

Akukho kangako ebomini bezityalo kunye element. It is a inxenye nucleic acid, yikhompawundi leyo yenze nucleoproteins kwiiproteni lilungu iseli ngumongo. Phosphorus buzinze nezihlunu izityalo, iintyatyambo zazo kunye nembewu. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ukukwazi ukuxhathisa imithi iintlekele zemvelo kuxhomekeke kubukho phosphorus. Unoxanduva iqabaka ubusika bekhululekile. Ukuswela element eboniswe ekunqandeni sesahlulo yeseli, ukumisa ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nophuhliso yenkqubo ingcambu, kwamahlamvu uba umbala omsobo ebomvu-. Ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko ejongene ukufa kwezityalo.

potassium

Kwizimbiwa nokondliwa izityalo iquka potassium. Le efunekayo nangokomthamo mkhulu, kuba sokufunxa kukhuthaza inkqubo biosynthesis kunye nokuthuthwa imiba ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iindawo kwisityalo. ulondolozo eqhelekileyo potassium kwandisa ukuxhathisa komzimba kuzo imifuno, lukwakhuthaza indlela ibakhusela imbalela kunye nonyamezelwano ebandayo. Kweentyatyambo neziqhamo benazo akananto ezaneleyo potassium engcono: iintyatyambo neziqhamo makhulu bebala ngakumbi ngokuqaqambileyo kakhulu.

Kunye nokunqongophala wokukhula Iseli kuyehla kakhulu, kwaye ukunqongophala eyomeleleyo kukhokelela ukuxozwa kwaye aphuke neziqu, ukutshintsha umbala amagqabi kwi nemfusa-yobhedu. Emva koko ke amagqabi abune, nokuwa.

calcium

Normal isondlo lomhlaba kwezityalo (izimbiwa) akunakwenzeka ngaphandle calcium ekhoyo phantse zonke iiseli zomzimba izityalo, ozinzileyo kuzo kusebenziso. Le sakhi ngokukodwa ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza iingcambu. Calcium okubangelwa sikhatshwa nokubambezeleka ukukhula kweengcambu kwaye ukuyilwa ingcambu inkqubo kakuhle. Liba ukungabikho calcium kwi kwaqapheleka ye kungqameko aphezulu amagqabi kwi waseSibhema abaselula. Kusilela ekhulayo uya kongeza umbala omfusa yonke indawo amagqabi. Ukuba calcium akazange aye kungena isityalo, amagqabi ngamasebe nyaka umiyo ubune kunye ezincotsheni.

wemagniziyam

Inkqubo bezimbiwa nutrition kwezityalo ngexesha kuphuhliso oluqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle wemagniziyam. Njengenxalenye yiklorofili, yinto nto ebalulekileyo inkqubo yefotosinthsis. Isebenze enzyme ababandakanyekayo ukutya, nemagnesium kukhuthaza ukukhula lencwadi kwezintso, ukuntshula iimbewu kunye neminye imisebenzi zokuzala.

Iimpawu yokunqongophala wemagniziyam - imbonakalo, kwayingqombela, isiseko amagqabi nasekwandiseni ecaleni umqhubi bamaziko kuthatha ukuya ezimbini kwezintathu blade amagqabi. Strong magnesium okubangelwa kukhokelela necrosis wetshati, ukunciphisa imveliso zesityalo kunye nefuthe layo zokuhombisa.

insimbi

Lijongene izityalo umntu ephefumla, lwesi sakhi buyafuneka kwiinkqubo redox, ekubeni ioksijini acceptor iimolekyuli nokulungelelanisa yiklorofili siphu- kweziyobisi. Ayoni kuchaphazela yezityalo chlorosis: amagqabi kuqhubeke kwaye ukubhitya, ukufumana umbala bulubhelu eluhlaza, uze eqaqambileyo ezimthubi namabala amnyama ngekopi. Ukophulwa umoya kudale ukukhula kwezityalo linyuke, ukuhla kakhulu isivuno.

manganese

Akukho isuntswana engazibaxi ixabiso izinto eziyimfuneko umkhondo, khumbula indlela abasabela ngayo ezi zityalo kunye nomhlaba. Mineral nutrition kwezityalo neyongezelelwe manganese, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho ikhosi elinemveliso photosynthesis, kwakunye Yindibanisela iiprothini, njl Ukungabikho manganese esibonakaliswa ngamasebe abaselula sentsilelo buthathaka kwaye womelele kwenza ingca -. Amagqabi phezu kwesiqu tyheli, abune tips ihlumelo.

zinc

Le Ingxenye wokulanda - nokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo lokusekwa ngumnxibelelanisi kunye nokukhula auxin izityalo. Njengoko icandelo mandatory le chloroplast, i-zinc ekhoyo kwi cleavage nomsi amanzi. Oku kusetyenziswa ukuchumisa kunye nophuhliso iqanda. Izinki imibala into ephawuleka ekupheleni sexesha lokukhula kwaye ngexesha leeholide - amagqabi lemon ukuvula umbala.

copper

Mineral nutrition lwezityalo okanye ingcambu aliphelelanga ngaphandle nesiqalelo, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Inxalenye iindidi enqanda, copper isebenze iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifana izityalo yokuphefumla, iiproteins kunye ukutshintshiselana ekudleni. ahlobene zobhedu - kufuneka amacandelo photosynthesis. Le ethile lwesi sakhi iboniswa iyoma imilibo apical.

boron

Lukwakhuthaza Yindibanisela asidi acid, iikhabhohayidrethi kunye iiprothini, kwaye boron kusegazini iienzymes ezininzi elawula ukutya. A umqondiso yokunqongophala nokoyika boron na imbonakalo motley amabala phezu kwamathole lawo, isiqu namagqabi ebonakalisa ithinti oluhlaza emazantsi emthini. Ukunqongophala ngakumbi element kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni amagqabi kunye nokufa kumagqabi abaselula. Kweentyatyambo iba buthathaka, ningabi ngabaswele isiqhamo - nto zibambene iziqhamo.

Siye kuluhlu iimpawu yemichiza eziyimfuneko zophuhliso eqhelekileyo, umgangatho kweentyatyambo kunye fruiting. Bonke bephela, ngokuchanekileyo elungeleleneyo, yenza ezikumgangatho ophezulu bezimbiwa isondlo kwezityalo. Kananjalo ke ukubaluleka kwamanzi kunzima ukuba zazi, kuba zonke izinto ezizayo emhlabeni ngohlobo emanzini.