Yintoni i electromagnet? iintlobo zazo kunye nenjongo

Eli nqaku lichaza ukuba electromagnet enjalo, yintoni rhoqo esebenza ngayo, yaye ziziphi iinkalo kusetyenziswa olu hlobo iimagnethi.

ubutsalane

Mhlawumbi enye yezona emangalisayo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye abasabela ezilula enyama ubutsalane. Kodwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamawaka amathathu eyadlulayo, abaphengululi abaninzi Greece yamandulo kunye China kuyaziwa iimpawu angaqhelekanga "amatye ngemagnethi."

Kwangaxeshanye, iimagnethi zethu into entsha, nkqu koyena - ngokusekelwe neodymium. Ngokufuthi zithengiselwa njengoko yabeka izinto okanye badibane nabo, ukuze abe iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo neendlela. Noko ke, bambalwa abantu bazi ubutsalane kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa.

Kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX yayiyilwe yi kwisixhobo ezifana i electromagnet. Ngoko ke yintoni na electromagnet, iyasebenza kwaye apho isicelo njani? Oku koko siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

definition

Electromagnet - isixhobo okhethekileyo, kukusebenza leyo kudala mhlaba otsalayo xa isicelo se umsinga wombane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le nkqubo ibandakanya abasebenza ze eziziiprayimari jiko kunye ezingundoqo, nto leyo eye iipropati ferromagnetic.

Ikhoyili yenziwe ngobhedu okanye aluminiyamu iingcingo nende ezahlukeneyo, wazigquma ngobunono usambathisa. Kodwa kukho abasebenza izinto lokwakhiwa. Ngokwabo umphakathi njengokuba ngemagnethi ezenziwe ngentsimbi, aluminiyamu yentsimbi-nickel okanye intsimbi. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko imisinga eddy, le umphakathi ngemagnethi ezenziwe iseti ezakheke lonke zizixwexwe. Ngoku siyazi into umazibuthe wakhe. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ngembali kwesi sixhobo luncedo.

indaba

UMdali electromagnet ingqalelo Uilyam Sterdzhen. Yaba nguye owathi ngo-1825 wenza kuqala umazibuthe enjalo. Ngokokwakheka ifowuni undinike isiqwenga zezindlu yentsimbi, leyo wawusongwe kwicingo zobhedu ubukhulu ngci. Ngelo xesha xa wavumela umsinga wombane evela iipropati intonga yesinyithi umazibuthe ezifunyenweyo. Kwaye xa ukuhamba yangoku lomncedis, ngoko nangoko yonke ubutsalane idivayisi elahlekile. Yiyo le mfanelo - ukwenza okanye ukukhubaza ukuba kuyimfuneko - kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa abasebenza eziliqela kwiinkalo zobugcisa mveliso.

Siye sahlolisisa umbuzo wokuba yintoni i electromagnet. Ngoku, sihlalutya iintlobo zalo ezisisiseko. Bona bahlukane kuxhomekeke indlela okuvelisa endle ngemagnethi. Kodwa umsebenzi wabo uhlala okufanayo.

iintlobo

Ezi abasebenza ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

• DC cala. Kule ndlela yokufunda ekubhobhozeni magnetic eveliswe ngoku rhoqo zombane baluwela coil. Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla umtsalane le electromagnet kuyahlukana nedlela kuphela kwi ixabiso yangoku kunokuba phezu kwawo kwi jiko.
• DC namaza. Yintshukumo electromagnet elolu hlobo isekelwe phezu ubukho fluxes ezimbini ngemagnethi ezizimeleyo. Xa sincokola ngayo wokohlula, ubukho balo ngokuqhelekileyo wadala yi iimagnethi abasisigxina (kwiimeko ezinqabileyo - abasebenza ezongezelelweyo), kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala amandla enomtsalane xa coil icinyiwe. Yaye isenzo esinjalo le electromagnet ixhomekeke ubukhulu kunye ngakwicala yangoku yombane leyo edakasa jiko.
• AC. Xa izixhobo ezinjalo, Ikhoyili solenoid inikwa AC umbane. Ngokufanelekileyo, kunye rhoqo ethile nobhobhozayo magnetic itshintsha lwayo ebukhulwini. A amandla Umtsalane ezahlukahlukeneyo e lilodwa kuphela, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba "eliguquguqukayo 'ukusuka ubuncinane ukuya ixabiso eliphezulu ezineqondo elinexabiso kabini malunga nezihlandlo yonikezelo yayo lwangoku zombane e.

Ngako oko, yintoni izimvo zabo, siye bezazi. Ngoku, makhe siqwalasele imizekelo yokusetyenziswa abasebenza.

imboni

Mhlawumbi wonke ubuncinane kanye, kodwa sabona nomculo lo ifowuni umazibuthe emcela. Oku "libiza" angqingqwa ngobubanzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo eye enkulu amandla enomtsalane kwaye kusetyenziswa ukuthwala imithwalo, ezindala iintsimbi, kwaye ngokubanzi nayiphi na enye isinyithi. Kube lula ngayo ukuba amandla off ngokwaneleyo - yaye wonke umthwalo nangoko disengaged, kwaye vice versa. Oku lula kakhulu inkqubo kulayishwa kunye nokothula.

Amandla le electromagnet, ngasendleleni, ibalwa ndlela ilandelayo: F = 40550 ∙ B ^ 2 ∙ S. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha. Kulo mzekelo, F - ungamandla ngeekhilogram (ukuba Walinganisa e Newtons), B - ixabiso yoqheliso, kunye S - ukusebenza indawo umphezulu kwefowuni.

amayeza

Ngenkulungwane XIX kwakuhlwa, abasebenza ziye zasetyenziswa amayeza. Omnye umzekelo - isixhobo ekhethekileyo ingashenxiswa emehlweni namaqumrhu angaphandle (pine yesinyithi, umhlwa, isikali, njl).

Kwaye ngexesha lethu, le abasebenza nazo ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa amayeza, kwaye mhlawumbi yenye yezi zixhobo, into yonke weva - yi MRI. Isebenza kuzo ngokusekelwe otsalayo livakale umfanekiso, yaye, enyanisweni, i abasebenza omkhulu nonamandla.

izixhobo

Kwakhona, loo iimagnethi zisetyenziswa kubunjineli ezahlukeneyo elektroniki, kwinkalo ekhaya, ezifana izitshixo. izitshixo abanjalo elula ukuba fast kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuba ukusebenza, kodwa oko kwanele xa qhawula likaxakeka isakhiwo - kunye bonke bephela baya kuvulwa, kananjalo kube lula kakhulu xa ngomlilo.

Kakade ke, lo msebenzi bonke relay yomveleli phezu kwemimiselo electromagnetism.

Njengoko ubona, oku isixhobo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iye yasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi neteknoloji.