Miklos Horthy - inkokeli Hungary kwixesha interwar

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, Hungary waphulukana 2/3 ye nommandla wayo. Kwakhona, eli lizwe olahlekelwe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo amathuba ezoqoqosho kunye nofikelelo elwandle. Kulo meko, eli lizwe ayimfuneko njengoko umoya wayeyinkokeli ngamandla isicwangciso ngegqudu. Loo yinkokheli, waza waba Miklos Horthy.

Iminyaka esakhula

Regent elizayo wazalwa kaJuni 18, 1868 kwintsapho enkulu abanini medium of. Abazali bafundiswa yaye babecinga ukuba abantwana babo kufuneka bafumane imfundo esemgangathweni. Sele iminyaka 8 Miklós Horthy uqala izifundo zakhe College of Debrecen reformatory. Ngowe-1878, abazali Miklos kuthetha ukuba isikolo German (Sopron). Ngowe-1882, ewatyhutyhile ukhetho kwi ukhuphiswano abantu 12 ndawo, Horthy uba ngumfundi Naval Academy kule dolophu Croatian of Rijeka. Yena iziqu kwesi sikolo ngo-1886.

Miklos Horthy: ukukhula biography

hero yethu sele ngoko nangoko emva kokuba Academy waqalisa ukubonisa ubuchule zimangalisayo ishishini emanzini. Iinjengele zomkhosi Austria-Hungarian waphawula iitalente bakhe. Ngowe-1894, umkhosi iye ivele kwi enqanaweni lokuqala ezikucaphukisa zokutsalwa kwimithwalo. Amava lo mqondiso bugcisa wayethunywe Miklos. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, waba umphathi wenqanawa yokulwa enkulu. Kucacile ukuba zonke ukwanda lezithuba unikwe erenkini entsha yasemkhosini.

De 1918, Miklos Horthy (iifoto inokubonwa kwinqaku) umthetho iinqanawa ezininzi. Yena inxaxheba iimfazwe leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Kwiinyanga zokugqibela uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian, xa umkhosi ezama ukusindisa kuwancede uKarl Habsburg utyunjwe Miklós Horthy imikhumbi alimwi.

izinto Hungarian emva kokuphela yeHlabathi yokuQala

Ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo Versailles iSivumelwano Hungary waba phakathi States abachaphazelekayo. Enyanisweni, ukungafezeki izivumelwano woxolo kwabonakala phantse nangoko, kodwa ukwamkelwa kwabo siqinisekiso ekupheleni kwemfazwe. Ngokusekelwe Austria-Hungary wadalwa ngamazwe eziliqela yesizwe. Ngenxa yoko, iyantlukwano enziweyo yemimandla Hungary ezilahlekileyo-30% yemihlaba yabo ngokobuzwe. Sithetha ngayo abemi malunga 3.3 million.

ISivumelwano Versailles enyanisweni kuthotywa Hungarians njengesizwe. Ekubeni iHungary wenza phantse into efanayo kunye eJamani. Injongo Miklós Horthy kwi isithuba ibamba yaba ukubuyisela ubukhulu kazwelonke kunye nempembelelo of Hungary eYurophu.

Umgaqo-Domestic mode hortistkogo

Kweli xesha interwar e Hungary wenza kwinkqubo yolawulo ezizodwa. Ngokusemthethweni, urhulumente wahlala neNgonyama. Eneneni, emva kokuba ukubhukuqwa ookumkani Habsburg ngo-1919 yayingekho, njengoko Entente kwanyanzeleka uCharles IV ukuba asuke. Ukongeza November 1, 1921 urhulumente Hungarian yakhupha umyalelo malunga ukurhoxiswa i Habsburg ubukhosi itrone monarsheskogo.

Iminyaka post-imfazwe ka-1950-1980 historiography ngokubhekisele kwibakala yeBhodi Miklós Horthy e Hungary njengoko ngeqhudu zwilakhe. Ndingathanda ukuba awuvumelani nayo, ngokuba:

- kule yombuso osebenzayo ipalamente bicameral, abadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni izigqibo kwinqanaba eliphezulu;

- oko kumisela inkqubo multi-wesithathu ;

- kunyulo olukhululekileyo nolungenamkhethe, iqela bangathatha inxaxheba yonke indlela;

- it ezazakhiwe umsebenzi weli amaqela aphikisayo epalamente njengesixhobo lwentando yesininzi.

Ngokwamanani kwezoqoqosho, imeko karhulumente ibinzima kunene. Uzwilakhe (njengoko yayibizwa mbali eSoviet) agcinwa wayezazi kakuhle kakhulu kuqoqosho, ngoko bakuthetha nto kubuyiselo kakhulu kule ndawo ayikho imfuneko. Akukho tshintsho kuthethe ukuba imeko-1932 ngaphezulu kwe 800.000 Hungarians wahlala abangasebenziyo. Xa kuthelekiswa 1920, imeko ngokuqinisekileyo ngcono, kodwa hayi kakhulu.

kakhulu kuqoqosho Hungarian ahlaselwa kwintlekele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi ka-1929- 1933 kwiminyaka. Ngowe-1930, kwakukho ukuwa kwi Budapest Stock Exchange. Ukukhula koqoqosho sele ephantsi wamiswa. Zonke minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, imivuzo yabasebenzi kwi-mveliso wahlala phantsi.

nkqubo Foreign

Sele wathi Miklos Horthy - nozwilakhe nokumelwa le mbali post-imfazwe Soviet. Isibakala sokuba isiseko-nkqubo angaphandle eli qela ukubuyiswa kwintsimi uhlanga. Ukuba nokwenzeka utshintsho kwi Versailles kwinkqubo Horthy babone kuphela rapprochement kunye eJamani ixhoba ekupheleni zeqela imfazwe, kwaye elinye kwilizwe zwilakhe - Italy. Kulo mzekelo, Regent isiHungary akazange afune kuwa phantsi kweempembelelo naliphi na ilizwe, yaye wayefuna ukwenza union ngokulinganayo.

Ngowe-1927, isivumelwano sasayinwa "On ubuhlobo banaphakade" kunye Italy. enobudlelwane asekwa phakathi kwamazwe. Le rapprochement ne iJamani waqalisa emva 1933. Le manyano wayenomdla walisusa Hitler, awayefuna inani eliphezulu namahlakani e-Europe. Phakathi iinkokeli kwesigele yabamba iintlanganiso eziliqela apho iinkokeli ukuqonda indawo zabanye kwaye bafikelele zifana.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini 1930 Miklosh Horti (biography elifutshane uchazwe apha ngasentla) yenza utyelelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zamazwe ngamazwe. Sithetha ngotyelelo Horthy ngayo ePoland, Italy ne Austria. Ukongezelela, kwakukho iingxoxo esebenzayo malunga besizisa namahlakani yaseYugoslavia.

inzuzo Territorial 1930 emva kwexesha

1938 no 1939 Iminyaka yaba lixesha pre-imfazwe ngokutsha indawo. Ekuthengeni Hungary ngokomthetho ekuthiwa-eVienna kulamlo. I Horthy State bafudukela kuMazantsi e Slovakia kunye nxalenye esentshona namhlanje-Ukraine (Transcarpathia ukusuka kwisixeko eziphambili Uzhgorod). Abemi iyonke imimandla elisanda yathathwa yaba bantu million 1. Njengoko kubonakala kwezi zibakala, sino Horthy umsebenzi wakhe lwenziwa ngo-1938, ke ngoko, waqhubeka sebenzisana Hitler.