"Makhwelo" - kukuba ... Lermontov, lo mbongo "abangazi lutho." "Makhwelo" - umxholo

"Makhwelo" - umbongo lyric Lermontov. Libhalwe ngo 1839 ze yapapashwa kamva ngonyaka le ncwadi othi "Imihobe Lermontov". Omnye wabantu ababephila ngexesha lakhe Lermontov - madlala V.Belinsky - wabhala eyayibonisa "wethu efanelekileyo oluthandayo imbongi" kulo msebenzi. Malunga omnye umzekelo zintle zakudala imibongo Russian romantic - umbongo "The mafikizolo" - eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

ukubhala ibali

"Makhwelo" - umsebenzi obhalwayo phantsi uluvo ubomi eCaucasus. Kwase ye kwisiqwenga mbongo wakhonza njengoko ibali ubomi mountaineers, weva yi Lermontov ngo-1837, ngethuba incwadi yokuqala. UMikhail, ehamba phezu Georgian Military Highway, wadibana weMtskheta kunye indela ngazodwa. Wamxelela ukuba ibali lobomi bakhe. Umbingeleli umntwana yathinjwa jikelele Russian novulelweyo woonongendi zasekuhlaleni, apho wayebambe nangona ekhaya, ubomi bakhe bonke.

Ezinye iziqalelo intsomi Georgian angasebenzisa MJ emsebenzini wakhe Lermontov. Umbongo "makhwelo" iyelenqe yaso iqulethe imeko apho uTshawe uyasokola nengwe. Kwimibongo yemveli Georgian kukho umxholo makhwenkwe lokulwa ingwe, njengoko kuchazwe ngenye mbongo odumileyo - "The Knight in Skin i Panther kaThixo" uThando Rustaveli.

Kwisihloko kunye epigraph

Iguqulwe ukusuka ulwimi Georgian "makhwelo" - i "non-abaqeshwa seal", "makhwelo". Eli gama linentsingiselo yesibini: "chuzhemets", "owasemzini iindawo kwamanye amazwe." Njengoko ubona, Lermontov wakhetha isihloko zifanelekileyo kumbongo wakhe. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ekuqaleni uMikhail wabiza kumbongo wakhe "Barry", nto leyo ithetha Georgian "indela". Le epigraph ukuya imveliso zatshintsha. Okokuqala Lermontov wasebenzisa kuyo ibinzana: «On n'a qu'une seule patrie» ( "Wonke umntu labo enye kuphela"), kodwa kamva imbongi bakhetha ukuba epigraph i ngcali ukusuka kwincwadi yokuqala of Kings (14 intloko): "Ngcamla Ukungcamla yencindi yobusi, nanko az kufa. " La mazwi amele ukugxojwa ezilungelelaniswe ngayo izinto.

Umxholo mveliso

Kulo mbongo "abangazi", umxholo eyaziwa kubafundi abaninzi Russian, kusixelela ukuba ukufa kabuhlungu boy abaseAfrika abathinjwa kwaye kususwa yi-jikelele Yermolov Russian abavela kumazwe zabo. Endleleni umntwana ogulayo waza washiywa kwenye nezigodlo basekuhlaleni. Apha umfana kwanyanzeleka ukuba achithe ubomi bakhe 'ukusuka elangeni. " Baby lonke ixesha ephosiweyo izithuba Caucasus, wafuna ukubuyela ezintabeni. Emva kwexeshana wayebonakala beqhela iimeko emxinwa yobomi woonongendi, bafunda ulwimi lwasemzini, waza walungiselela ukuba indela. Noko ke, kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe inkwenkwe ngequbuliso waziva mnqweno olomeleleyo yokomoya yamenza ngesiquphe ashiye woonongendi kwaye ukuba babhacele kummandla engaziwayo. Wayeziva ekhululekile, babuyela kuye memory lobuntwana bakhe. Mntu ubuya ayikhumbule le ulwimi lomthonyama, umntu ekufutshane kuye kanye. Udakiwe yi omnandi iinkumbulo umoya kunye ebuntwaneni, lo mfana wachitha iintsuku ezintathu endle. Ngelo xesha lifutshane, wabona yonk 'into, ndayihluthwa kuye yobukhoboka yakhe. Man ancome i imizobo indalo Georgian amagorha, intombazana entle, ithe chu ukugcwala ingqayi ngamanzi. Woyisa ofayo lupwa nengwe hlasi ubungakanani bamandla akhe ngokukhawuleza. Iintsuku ezintathu mfana wayephila ubomi, ezele neemvakalelo eziqaqambileyo kunye ukushukumisa. Found ngengozi kummandla woonongendi ngaphandle inkumbulo, lo mfo wala ukudla, kuba ndaqonda ukuba ubomi endala ekuthinjweni, akayi kuba nako ukuqhubeka. Indlela kwabaneenkani intliziyo mfundi ifumaneka kuphela imonki ubudala abhaptizwe nguye. Abathi umfana, indoda endala ubuyazi into akubona size mfo emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukusithela akuphumelelanga.

Uhlobo komsindo umbongo

imisebenzi emininzi ngobomi eCaucasus, Lermontov wabhala. Lo mbongo "lo mfundi" - omnye wabo. Caucasus imbongi ezinxulumene kummandla wenkululeko olukhulu kunye nenkululeko, apho umntu unalo ithuba bazingqine edabini kunye izinto, ukuze badibane nendalo ndazithoba ukuthanda kwakhe, ukuze aphumelele edabini kunye naye.

Ngesakhiwo igxile kombongo zothando iimvakalelo kunye abali- ombambazelayo - basandula kuqalisa ukuzisebenzisa. Ifomu isebenza - isivumo - kuvumela kakhulu ngokwenene ukutyhila ngokunzulu nomfanekiso yokomoya mfana. Ukubunjwa imveliso eqhelekileyo ukuba olu hlobo yemibongo - uTshawe ubekwa kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, umntu omnye, isivumo yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo, uchaza isimo sangaphakathi umntu, kunokuba yemeko ezisingqongileyo.

Noko ke, kukho umahluko ukusuka kumsebenzi eqhelekileyo yothando. Kulo mbongo kukho ukungazithembi kunye Izithetha. Apha ngqo kucacisiwe ndawo, imbongi yazisa umfundi malunga iimeko ezakhokelela inkwenkwe ukuya weemonki. Makhwelo yimincili iqulathe ibali ecacileyo neqondakalayo lenzekile izenzakalo.

Nature and engokoqobo

Lo mbongo "lo mfundi" - ayikho kuphela ingcaciso ngengqondo ebonakalayo amava engaphakathi protagonist, kodwa inkcazelo enkulu yohlobo Georgian. It is a umzobo entle ukuba iziganeko ezenzekayo imveliso, kwakunye njengesixhobo iimpawu basandula kuqalisa ukuzisebenzisa. Indlela abasabela ngayo abantu abaselula sisaqhwithi xa 'ukuba amkele uqhwithela baya kuba noyolo ", ithi indoda ongalawulekiyo kunye nokulinga, ukulungele ukwenza idabi iziqalelo. Imo yengqondo hero kusasa cwaka emva kwezikhukhula, ukukulungela kwakhe ukuqonda iimfihlakalo 'izulu nomhlaba "ubonakalise mfo njengomntu angamarhoqorhoqo, ethe, uyakwazi ukubona yaye baqonde ubuhle. Nature Lermontov - ngumthombo ebomini noxolo. Isigodlo kulo mbongo - uphawu yokwenene elwayo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba indoda eyomeleleyo obungaqhelekanga ukuba sife phantsi kweempembelelo yeendibano ezingeyomfuneko.

Ababengaphambi kule ncwadi

Lo mbongo "lo mfundi", amaqhawe ezo zichazwe kweli nqaku liye ababengaphambi eziliqela zoncwadi. A Ibali efanayo, ubalisa ibali imonki oselula, ichazwa kulo mbongo "I monk" Kozlov. Nangona umxholo efanayo kwezi imisebenzi kwicandelo ngeembono ezahlukeneyo. Umbongo Lermontov xa kubonakala impembelelo uncwadi kunye nemibongo Decembrist IV Goethe. "Makhwelo" uthwala iintshukumisa leyo bavela kwi imisebenzi yokuqala wembongi: ". Bavume" "Boyar Orsha" yaye

ababephila Lermontov waphawula ukufana "mafikizolo" kwi "ibanjwa Shinonsky" Byron, iguqulelwe Russian yi Zhukovsky. Noko ke, uTshawe imbongi IsiNgesi umthiyile uluntu kwaye ufuna ashiywe yedwa, lo gama mafikizolo izibophelele ebantwini.

ukugxekwa

Iimbasa eliphezulu yi nabagxeki M. Lermontov. "Makhwelo" woyisa isiqulatho boncwadi kuphela kweyabo kodwa uhlobo ntetho. Belinsky waphawula ukuba tetrameter iambic kunye isicengcelezo njengendoda, owabhala umsebenzi "umsindo ijika ilahla njengoko linenxeba lalo ikrele," yaye le vesi kuvisisana "Ukunyamezela amandla yohlobo abomeleleyo imeko ebuhlungu hero walo mbongo."

Ababephila Lermontov ngenkuthalo uyakhumbula ufunda "abangazi" ngumbhali ngokwakhe. AN Iimbovane kwi "Ukuhlangabezana iimbongi Russian" ichaza nomvakalelo womoya onamandla wokuba onaye ufunda lo mbongo Mihailom Yurevichem e Tsarskoye Selo.

isiphelo

"Makhwelo" - lo mbongo engcono MY Lermontov. Kulo imbongi wabonisa nobuchule bakhe kwimibongo wavakalisa iimfundiso kufutshane yakhe eneenkani. Angathabatheki kunye nomkhosi ngayo uMikhail wachaza yeentlungu mfana, ekwaziyo izinto ezinkulu, kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba ziphila apho kuthiwa cwaka beendonga weemonki, Kakade ke, ebonisa iimvakalelo lingaphakathi yombhali. Ngamnye kuthi ngoku ukuphinda-funda 'mfundi ", va amandla kunye nobuhle lo msebenzi emangalisayo ... ukuyichukumisa ezintle.