LezoLimo Kazakhstan: zophuhliso iingxaki shishino. Ulimo eMzantsi Kazakhstan

LezoLimo Kazakhstan - yenye yezona ephuhliswe amacandelo ezoqoqosho karhulumente. Xa ummandla ngamnye ngamnye izimo ukuya ukulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo inikwa imfuyo.

Geography ne sezulu

Kummandla Kazakhstan i ngexesha elinye e Central Asia, kunye naseMpuma Europe, owayamene lweCaspian kunye neelwandle Aral. sezulu Continental imisela ebusika ikhephu encinane ukubanda nobushushu nokoma kwehlobo.

Malunga nesiqingatha eli lizwe - oku iyintlango okanye nezo zibuntlangorha. Kwi kwinxalenye esentshona nasentshonalanga Parish. Ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo yamanzi, ukuba uthi intsilelo yabo ngenxa kwindawo ngokwejografi. Imithombo yamanzi anika ubomi asixhenxe imithambo emlanjeni omkhulu, kwakunye amadama amakhulu 13. Ethetha izityalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi zityalo emathafeni elingako injengengca iintsiba, sagebrush kunye namatyholo ukuba ukumelana nembalela. amadlelo zasezintabeni Green zifumaneka esezintabeni. Ke amahlathi, asezikhundleni 5.4% yommandla kunye bebekelwa ikakhulu emantla kunye kumazantsi eli lizwe.

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yezolimo yomhlaba. Inxalenye enkulu Kuna kumhlaba abamnyama, nezompleyini kunye nemihlaba brown. Kwakhona, kukho imihlaba engwevu nemihlaba brown.

Njani na ushishino

Uphuhliso lwezolimo Kazakhstan kufuneka zijongwe ukusukela 50. Ngenxa yeengxaki kwezoqoqosho, abasemagunyeni eSoviet wagqiba ukwandisa ozozogidi. Emva koko, ku Kazakhstan kunye namanye republic ngenkuthalo kakuhle amazwe virgin. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqulunqwe ezo ndawo luphawulwa amanqanaba asezantsi yamanzi kunye bewenza ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uphuhliso kumazwe enyulu kubangele irekhodi lwengqolowa. Kwangaxeshanye, isiphumo esibi bekusoloko ukuncipha elibukhali kwiindawo utyani. Ukuthintela ingxaki imfuyo, iifama ezikhethekileyo sanyanzeleka ukwandisa inani imfuyo. ixesha yiSoviet yophuhliso kwezolimo yayigcwele ukulungiswa umatshini seetrektara izikhululo.

Kwiminyaka 60-80 kwakukho uphuhliso kakhulu kakhulu kwezolimo. impahla Cooperative oguqulwe ngokupheleleyo zibe kwimeko leyo wavumela ulawulo ngakumbi phezu kuvunyelwa ukusetyenziswa kwale mali. Oku kukhokelele ekubeni abalimi abaninzi bakhetha ukuba bayishiye ilali. Urhulumente uye wagqiba kwelokuba ukutsala iingcali kwezinye republic, kwakunye inxaxheba likaxakeka emkhosini.

Okwangoku, phantse onke amazwe lezolimo Kukho isezandleni zabucala. Ke kaloku, njengokuba kwi 70s emva kwexesha ', ingxaki yokubonelela yabantu kunye nenyama kunye neemveliso zobisi kakhulu yondele, ebonisa imfuneko utshintsho.

Iimpawu shishino

LezoLimo Kazakhstan luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

• a ucando okuphawulekayo umhlaba (tye kunye nkqo) uzihlawulela;
• ngaphezu kwesiqingatha wonke umhlaba ofanelekileyo ukuze kungonakali, mayibalwe ukuba iindawo ezomileyo omhlaba;
• 85% yomhlaba wezolimo ezisingelwe emadlelweni (malunga 189 million hectares);
• Kazakhstan phakathi bathengisela ezilishumi ezinkulu yengqolowa umgubo;
• isabelo esikhulu lwesityalo siya ukutya okuziinkozo, imifuno kunye neziqhamo, ezikhanywa kunye cotton;
• ngokwemveli Kazakhstan yaqulunqa kwishishini lemfuyo, kwakunye imveliso yesikhumba noboya.

Indawo yezolimo kuqoqosho Kazakhstan

LezoLimo Kazakhstan yenye kwamasebe ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho kuzwelonke. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kusenza-38% yengeniso kazwelonke iyonke kunyaka ngamnye. Kulo mzekelo, eli candelo liqesha malunga ne-16% abasebenzi karhulumente. Oku kungenxa kwinqanaba eliphezulu zoomatshini kunye matshini. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba eli lizwe iifama ngaphezulu kwe-31 amawaka, malunga-32 000 yamafama.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ulimo Kazakhstan nazo yesibini ehlabathini ukuba imveliso yezityalo kunye index 967 eekhilogremu ngamnye ngamnye (izikhundla ezikhokelela zezethu eKhanada, apho nani 1 168 kg). Kulo mzekelo, yiyo republic kuphela post-eSoviet, nto leyo ibandakanyeka ukuthunyelwa okuziinkozo. Noko ke, isivuno kunye nemveliso kushishino ezifana izilwanyana, kakhulu eliphantsi Kazakhstan (ngumzali). Ngokutsho kwesi salathisi, urhulumente wathabatha 142 indawo ehlabathini.

Branches of Agriculture of Kazakhstan

Icandelo lezolimo - kuba sisixhobo esinamandla esibonelela nje izibonelelo ngaphakathi kurhulumente, kodwa indawo yayo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. LezoLimo Republic of Kazakhstan ngokwemveli zimelwe kumacandelo ezimbini eziphambili:

• Imfuyo - kuphuhliswa kwiindawo ezifana neenkomo ezizalayo (yenkomo kunye nemveliso yobisi), nezimvu, namahashe, iinkamela, iihagu kunye neebhokhwe. A isabelo ebalulekileyo ifama iinkukhu. A eyahlukileyo, nangona crespo amancinci ukuzala ukuloba mveliso.
• ukulinywa kwezityalo - sisiseko lezoLimo Kazakhstan. Isabelo kunazo spring ingqolowa, nto wathengisa nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa kwiimarike zangaphandle. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba ukwanda kwezityalo okufana nerayisi, buckwheat, nerhasi, oats, namazimba kunye nombona. ozozogidi ebalulekileyo zigcinelwe sugar beet kunye nezityalo oilseed (zikajongilanga, rape). Kuba noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo ukuze akhule angengomqhaphu nelineni. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele izityalo ezifana iitapile, ama-apile, umxoxozi kunye iidiliya.

Ulimo eMzantsi Kazakhstan

Kubalulekile ukuphawula iindidi iimeko zendalo kunye zemozulu kweli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, ezolimo Southern Kazakhstan isebenza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu emazantsi eentaba. Ngonkcenkceshelo kuhle kunokwenzeka ukuba ukufikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu yokuqokelelwa umqhaphu, irayisi, sugar beet kunye necuba. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le yeyona ndawo kakhulu kuphuhliso ukulima futhi lwediliya.

Ingakumbi ezolimo ntshona Kazakhstan

Agriculture Western Kazakhstan imelwe kakhulu imfuyo ngenxa ukuya kwiindawo ezinkulu zamadlelo kunye amadlelo. It esilawulwa kufuywe iigusha, amahashe kunye neenkamela. Ukuba sithethe ngayo izityalo, kokukhona kwe-70% yomhlaba olimekayo ezinikelwe ingqolowa. Iinkalo ezisele nerhasi, namazimba kunye rye.

Ulimo kwinxalenye esemantla Kazakhstan

Farm e Northern Kazakhstan liphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweempembelelo iimeko zivuma zemozulu. Apha, i yobisi kunye nenyama neenkomo ahambele phambili ukuzala nokufuya zeenkukhu. Kodwa ushishino iphambili ziigusha. emasimini Agricultural ahlala izityalo zomqhaphu kunye nokutya okuziinkozo. Kukho kwakhona iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu ukulinywa kwemifuno, iziqhamo kunye nevatala.

Iimpawu of Agriculture in East Kazakhstan

Agriculture East Kazakhstan imelwe ezolimo ikakhulu rainfed. Le ndawo inkulu izwe okuhlala izityalo ujongilanga. Ezihlanjeni kukho amasimi amakhulu ingqolowa, ihabile, ertyisi, kunye nezityalo yemifuno. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo inyama kunye iinkomo zobisi zizalele nakuzo. Kwezinye iindawo, uphuhliso ukulima onkcenkceshelwayo. Kwakhona, ingqalelo enkulu ihlawulwe ukufuya iihagu kunye namahashe. West Kazakhstan luphawulwa kuphuhliso yosi, urhwebo uboya kunye ukufuywa.

nkqubo karhulumente wezolimo

Uphuhliso lwezolimo Kazakhstan lwenziwa ngenkxaso ngabasemagunyeni. ulawulo karhulumente kunye nohlaziyo ijolise ukubonwa iingcamango iphambili ilandelayo:

• ukwandisa umsebenzi loosomashishini kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ngokunjalo nokuphucula impilo-ntle yabo;
• ukubonelela abemi kwiindawo zolimo kunye nombane, igesi, amanzi okusela kunye neminye imithombo ebalulekileyo;
• ukwakhiwa kunye nokulungiswa kweendlela kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni;
• Ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano;
• ukomeleza amanyathelo zempilo zoluntu emaphandleni (ukwakhiwa okanye ulungiso olukhulu ezibhedlele, eziquka iingcali ezifanelekileyo);
• ukulungiswa zemfundo ezikolweni kunye namanye amaziko emfundo;
• ngokubonelela abantu ukungena kwiinkqubo zenkcubeko nezemidlalo;
• oluphuculweyo ukhuseleko emizaneni ngokwandisa inani lezikhululo zamapolisa, kwakunye iinxalenye Ministry of Izimo Emergency;
• ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni;
• uphuhliso iindlela nkqubo yokufudukela yangaphakathi ukwenzela ukunciphisa kuphuma abemi abasuka kwimimandla yezolimo.

Iingxaki yophuhliso shishino

Ezi zilandelayo iingxaki eziphambili kwezolimo ku Kazakhstan:

• Iintlawulo zerhafu yaneleyo kule mali, ngenxa ubunzima utshintsho ukusuka endala kwiintlobo mihla wokulima kwifama karhulumente;
• imali elingonelanga utyalo-mali kweli candelo;
• imeko elusizi kushishino lwemveliso zobisi (umzekeliso nto iphawulekayo ingxaki na ukuthengwa ngenkani imveliso kwi elingummelwane Kyrgyzstan);
• imfuneko yokwandisa inani iinkomo ukwandisa kumazwe angaphandle kwenyama nemveliso zenyama kumazwe angabamelwane;
• ukunqongophala indawo yokugcina isityalo (indawo bekwilift kufuneka kwandiswa ubuncinane kabini ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwesityalo);
• kwamanye emizini ngenxa kuphuhliso zaneleyo zemizana (labantu abasebenza kwicandelo lezolimo, ikakhulu unawo imfundo efanelekileyo kunye noqeqesho);
• ukwandisa angaphandle iimveliso zezolimo;
• izinto lixesha kunye nesiseko zobugcisa;
• ukungabikho kophuhliso lenzululwazi bengingqi kwinkalo yezolimo.

iziphumo

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, umntu ukucinga ukuba kukho ngxi kwishishini ezifana kwezolimo Kazakhstan. Ngokufutshane lo meko ingachazwa ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kunye engaphelelanga kwemithombo yendalo noluntu, kwakunye nenkxaso-mali zaneleyo kwicandelo lezolimo. Climate and Natural Resources of Kazakhstan igalelo kuphuhliso ukufuywa kwezilwanyana kunye ukulinywa kwezityalo. Enkosi kwi-nkqubo yamazwe enyulu, ezenzeka kwixesha yiSoviet, kukho ubukho iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba olimekayo, ngokubonelela Kazakhstan isikhundla phambili kwi kwimarike ehlabathini okuziinkozo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukubaluleka kwezolimo kuqoqosho Kazakhstan. Kweli candelo akhawunti phantse ngama-40% kwingeniso yesizwe karhulumente. Njengoko eli candelo liqesha ngaphantsi kwe-20% yabantu abasebenzayo, singathetha malunga nenqanaba eliphezulu matshini. Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki kunye kwisalathisi kwemveliso, eli lizwe ikwazile ukufikelela kwindawo yesibini ehlabathini phakathi abathumela okuziinkozo. Yeyona republic kuphela elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, leyo unethuba sithengise ngengqolowa aphesheya.

Ngaphandle kokuba ezolimo unendima ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho of Kazakhstan, iye iingxaki ezithile. Enye iingxaki eziphambili - yinto yenguqu azigqibeleli uhlobo mihla zokulima, iyenza nzima ukulawula ukuhlawula irhafu. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukunqongophala lotyalo kolu shishino. Kokoma mkhulu inyama kunye noshishino lobisi, ekhokelela ukungeniswa ngenkani data ukuhlangabezana nemfuno mthengi iimveliso. Enye ingxaki iqhosha ukuba ufuna izisombululo ngokukhawuleza - kukunqongophala isithuba yokugcina isityalo ukuvunwa.