Labantu Yakutsk. Inani sixeko kunye nesakhiwo kazwelonke

Kwindawo permafrost sesona sixeko sikhulu eRashiya - Yakutsk. Inani labemi eziphilayo nommandla wayo, ilingana abemi abamalunga nama-300 amawaka. Kodwa ukuba wazibala zonke iilali ngoko nangoko ezingqongileyo, eli nani linokuba zikhule kubantu-330 000. Oku kuthetha ukuba apha ohlala malunga amashumi amathathu ekhulwini abantu kulo lonke elo lizwe.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga isixeko

indawo Yakutsk ngu 122 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Lelona ziko labemi likhulu kumntla-mpuma lizwe neyesithathu kwenani labahlali kwiMpuma Ekude. Kungenxa yoko le nto elikomkhulu weRiphabliki Sakha yi Yakutsk. Inani labantu kummandla lonke eze apha ukuba ufundile, ukuba baphile kunye nomsebenzi. Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu kweenxweme Lena lomlambo, ukwenza luthathwa ngakumbi yaye enye kunawo emlanjeni. Kwakhona ibekwe kwindawo Yakut kukho amachibi ezininzi kunye namachibi oxbow.

iziseko

Emzini Administrative yahlulwe kwizithili ezahlukeneyo kunye needolophana. Industry asikazifumani nophuhliso olufanelekileyo apha. Kwaye luyafumaneka kwicandelo abakho kuphela ukugcina kokuhlaliswa ebomini. Kunjalo, iziko enkulu loshishino kunye norhwebo kuthathwa Yakutsk. Labantu abahlala kuloo mzi, esebenza ubukhulu becala kwimimandla ezichazwe ngasentla. Ngoko ke, isiseko kwezoqoqosho eyinkunzi zeRiphabliki lweshishini. kwisikhululo sikaloliwe phakathi komzi. Kulo mba, icandelo zonke eJozi yezithuthi uhamba nezibuko lomlambo. Xa iindawo zokuhlala olwenziwe iibhasi ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo taxi.

abantu

Kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo okuqala abemi abaninzi beso sixeko ngabantu abangamashumi amathathu amawaka kuphela. Ukususela ngoko, i-nani litshintshile kakhulu. Kwaye ngoJanuwari 1, 1990 yabemi Yakutsk ibe malunga nama 192,000 abahlali. Kweli xesha imfuduko esebenzayo ibe nommandla wayo ezindaweni ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelo lizwe. Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, kwakukho kuphuma ebonakalayo yabantu. Oku ikakhulu Russian abathetha yabantu Yakutsk. Ngoko ke, ngo-2000, loo nto ayizange kakhulu ukutshintsha inani abahlala kuloo mzi. It wayelingana 196 lamawaka.

Iminyaka emibini-eliwaka yokufuduka kulo bendawo abemi amazwe Central Asia, China kunye eCaucasus. Ngenxa abemi besixeko Yakutsk waqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kakade ngexesha lika-2010 sasifana kubantu 267 000. Oku HIV ngokuqhubekayo kule minyaka ilandelayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoJanuwari 1, 2016, ngokutsho ubalo yakutshanje, kukho malunga nama abemi 315 000. Kwezi, 167.000 - ngabafazi, 148 000 - abantu. Iqondo ukuzalwa kule ndawo iphezulu enabantu, ngoko phantse lonke usapho umntwana ezintathu. Iminyaka yobudala avareji Iwabemi Yakutsk yiminyaka malunga nama-45.

Ukubunjwa ezahlukahlukeneyo

Kucingwa isixeko multi-nobuhlanga Yakutsk. Inani labemi apha ubukhulu becala le Yakuts, nto leyo kule ndawo enabantu ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga ne-145 000. Russian kukho malunga ne-114 000, kodwa kukho nezinye iintlanga ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwisixeko omiweyo yi Caucasians, kodwa ubukhulu becala Ingush. Kukho naye encinane Kuhlala Kwezinye Iindawo Armenia Chechens, ngubani phakathi kwabo akazange ingxabano. Yaye xa kuthe nayiphi na imbambano inkxaso ngamazwe ngalinye enye. Ukongeza, abahlala apha yobuhlanga Ukraine, nangezinto, Buryats, kwiiOssetian, izibonda, Lithuanians, Kirghiz, Evens, Tajiks, Korea, Moldavians, Dagestani, China kunye nabanye.

Loluphi uhlobo lwenkolo uyakuqonda labantu?

Ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi kangaka ezahlukeneyo abahlala kuloo mzi, imibutho yenkolo emelwe kakuhle. Kukho inani elikhulu zezindlu zonqulo zeenkolo ezahlukeneyo. In Yakutsk kukho ezintlanu Orthodox, kwakunye noluntu Old Amakholwa. Ngomhla kummandla kamasipala ubomi amaKatolika kunye nabantu abathi Islam, Buddhism nezinye iinkolo ezahlukeneyo. Kutsha nje vo abasebenzi kwamanani ezinkulu Yakutsk Service Research. Ngokutsho iziphumo lwabonisa ukuba-27% abantu balapho abakholelwa kuThixo.

Njani na inani leminyaka elishumi edlulileyo?

Ngokutsho idatha yakutshanje eqokelelwe kubalo esixekweni, yatyhilwa ukuba inani yabemi landa nge-20% ukususela ngo-2003. Kwezi, bantu 205.000 baziintanga ukusebenza, lo gama 44 000 - abadla umhlala-phantsi. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzwana Yakutsk uthatha indawo 67 phakathi kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala amanqaku Russia ukuba inani labahlali. Ngelishwa, oku kukhula kwabemi anayenza kwiindawo zoshishino kweli lizwe. Abantu makuphume ukufunda kunye nomsebenzi kamva kwikomkhulu, ngoko kukho inani kunciphisa ngonyaka ngamnye. Yakutsk kulo mzekelo kuthatha abahlali yayo entsha.

Abantu abane ukuba elizayo

Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo ukuba ibambe intlanganiso rhoqo City Council of Yakutsk-mali, ngokunjalo ubomi bentlalo noqoqosho yeendawo zokuhlala. Kwi-ajenda ukuze siqwalaselwe ngamagosa sendawo yangeniswa kwisicwangciso sophuhliso iziko zeRiphabliki kule minyaka mine izayo. Ekuhambeni yentlanganiso bavakalisa intloko yesebe kwezoqoqosho lonke ulawulo yesithili I. Timofeev. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umzi kwixesha elizayo kuya kufuneka ukugcina ubunkokheli yayo phakathi kwezinye iindawo weRiphabliki ukujika iimpahla yabathengi, kwakunye nengeniso yorhwebo ngemiyinge emincinci, ukutya, lokugunyazisa izindlu kunye, ngokulandelelana, ngokubhekiselele kwiinkonzo yokwakha.

ukhuseleko kwezentlalo yabantu in Yakutsk nayo yonke oku kwandisa inqanaba labo, ngoko kuya kuqhubeka ukwandisa inani labahlali. Kwaye ngo-2017 kuya kuthetha ukuba malunga nama-325 000 abemi. Lo masekela Kulindeleke ukuba izinga ukuzalwa esixekweni uya kuhlala izikhombisi eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo HIV, kwaye kufuneka siqhubeke ukwandisa ngenxa yokufika elikhulu labantu abavela kwezinye iingingqi.

Ngokutsho iingcali abasebenza kwinkalo zentlalo, inqanaba umvuzo kufuneka ube malunga-50 amawaka engange. Inqanaba eliphezulu kwimivuzo ziya kuqhubeka, njengokuba ngaphambili, abasebenzi abasebenza emasimini kwemigodi, icandelo mali, ngokunjalo kwicandelo lokhuseleko zomkhosi kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente. Abasebenzi of Communications and Transport unakho kwixa elizayo Silindele ukwanda intlawulo yabasebenzi babo. Ngokubhekiselele uqikelelo nomsebenzi kwezolimo iingcali ayikhuthazi kunjalo, uYakobi ukuba yonke into aya kuxhomekeka ekuphunyezweni kweeprojekthi kule ndawo.

izibakala

Kubonakala ukuba inkoliso incopho ukuchuma kwi ikomkhulu Yakutia sabhalwa ngowe-1987, yaye ngowe-1991 kwaba irekhodi inani iindwendwe kuloo mzi. Ngo-2010 kwafika lingaphantsi kwe bonke abantwana kummandla Yakutsk kule minyaka engamashumi edlulileyo. Kwaye ngo-2012, waza wabethwa irekhodi kwabantu ezweni kwi elikomkhulu weRiphabliki Sakha ukusuka Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, kunye nemimandla ezininzi Russia. Lwezazi ukuqikelela ukuba ngo-2020 inani umhlala ingaba ngu-38% yenani lilonke labantu abahlala kwindawo enabantu.

Ukususela ngasentla, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba abantu abahlala kulo mmandla permafrost, akazange va thile uschemlonnymi. Abahlali kwekomkhulu Yakutia afakwa iimbono endala-nkqubo yaye usoloko uzama ukugcina abasemagunyeni ngoku lizwe, njengoko iinkokheli ekhoyo endiyidalele kuwo umzi, zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ukhuseleko loluntu zabemi kwaye anike Yakutsk ukuphuhlisa xa iyonke. Ngoko ke, nendawo ayikwazi zingabizwa konke kwilali ojikelezayo apho abantu beze kuphela emsebenzini. Eli liziko yolawulo epheleleyo inkulu kummandla, apho izibonelelo kunye nazo zonke iinkalo zobomi kwavela. Qiniseka ukuba aye kubona lo enkulu, entle, zokuhlala entle: abemi bayo abanobubele kakhulu kwaye enobubele.