Labantu Odessa: ubungakanani kunye nokwakheka

Kutshanje, Odessa wabizwa imizi. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, esi status ayisekho kuloo mzi. Yintoni yabemi Odessa namhlanje? Yintoni ubuzwe bahlala eMzantsi Palmyra nendlela abaphila apha?

Inani labemi wesixeko Odessa kwaye amanani alo

Le yokugqibela ubalo e Ukraine kuthwalelwa phandle, njengoko waziwa, ngo-2001. Ngelo xesha ndandihlala e Odessa sisigidi no-29 amawaka abantu. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, Caledonia, ngelishwa, ilahlekile izixeko yewonga. Esona sizathu siphambili oku depopulation jikelele kwilizwe lonke (ngenxa yokuba, kuqala kwiinto zonke, izinga ukuzalwa libya).

Indlela abantu abaninzi abahlala namhlanje e Odessa? ukhuseleko loluntu labemi, ngokutsho uqikelelo lokuqala, unika oyintsobi yalowo abemi 1,029,650 (Noko ke, kukho nto accounted for labantu isigxina nangoku). Ngamanye amazwi, kanye isixeko kwakhona baboyisa uphawu million. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokufika ebonakalayo iimbacu ezivela East Odessa Ukraine.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ehlotyeni labemi Odessa ngokuphawulekayo lenyuka ngenxa abakhenkethi neendwendwe. Odessans nokuba ngokuqhula sithi ngoSeptemba, "umhla wesibini lokukhululwa sixeko."

Yintoni umahluko ngokwesini kubantu abemi kulo mzi? Ngokutsho manani ezikhoyo, ukuba uhlala e Odessa 53% ababhinqileyo kunye 47% eyindoda.

Ayekholelwa abemi Odessa? Imbali kubalo yokuqala

Odessa, njengoko yaziwa, yasekwa ngo-1794. Kule nzima ukukukholelwa oku, kodwa ke ngaloo mihla, "benza" abantu kwesi sixeko kakhulu umsebenzi onzima. Wakhanga kwabantu bokuqala kunxweme Sea Black ngoncedo izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo: izindlu zikarhulumente, imali ibhaso engange-150, yaye ukukhululwa kwinkonzo yasemkhosini.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala yabemi Odessa sele akabalwa 1795. Ngelo xesha esi sixeko abemi abantu 2349. Yintoni umdla kukuba, phantse-25% yale number ngamakhoboka elabaleka kwezinye iingingqi yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX iqala ulwakhiwo kwizibuko e Odessa. Lo mcimbi waba umqhubi ebalulekileyo etsala abahlali abatsha kweso sixeko.

Ukubalwa-1817 lwabonisa ukuba abantu Odessa liye landa ku-32 amawaka abantu. Kunye kweminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, ngokuqinisekileyo Uyigqwesile eyimbalasane 50,000th. Noko ke, ubalo yokuqala ezinkulu iye yabanjwa e Odessa ngo-1892. IBhunga City sele yabelwe ukuphunyezwa kwayo ezingaphezu kwama-30 amawaka engange. KuBalo yathatha iintsuku ezintathu! Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, emva kokuba ukuqokelela amakhadi kamasipala agcina inkcazelo-manani ekugqibeleni wabhengeza inani jikelele 336 amawaka abantu! Kulo mzekelo, wonke ummi yesithathu xesha Odessa ungumYuda.

Ukubunjwa yobuhlanga labantu

Yinto akukho mfihlelo yabemi Odessa na zamazwe ngamazwe ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje kukho ukuhlala ndawonye ngoxolo kunye Russian Ukraine, Bulgarians kwaye Moldovans, amaYuda Armenia.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga yabemi Odessa mihla: iqela kakhulu ezininzi uhlanga kwi dolophu Ukraine (malunga nowama-62%). Ziye ke ilandelwa yi Russian (29%), Bulgaria (1.3%), amaYuda (1.2%), Moldovans (malunga-1%) kunye Belarusians nezibonda, isiArmenia, amaGrike nezinye iintlanga.

Le wamaJuda e Odessa nembali yayo

Unamandla wamaJuda e Odessa ebesoloko ekho. Malunga 125.000 amaYuda abakuloo mzi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Nangona bahlala kummandla Odessa ngaphambi kokusekwa sixeko. Ngokomzekelo, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa kule ndawo Turkish inqaba Hadzhibey ilitye yamaYuda yomhla kunyaka 1770.

Kakade ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII kwi loo mzi ungakhiwa yesikhungu kunye njengesikolo sabantwana zamaYuda. Ngowe-1809, e Odessa ukususela Moldova Bender wafika kwaye urabhi lokuqala - Yitzhak Rabinovich. Xa elunxwemeni kwakhiwa zibuko enkulu, amaYuda afika e Odessa nangakumbi. Ngoko nangoko baqalisa ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba kubomi mzi, wagidima, nkqu kunyulwa kwibhunga ledolophu.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala amabini, amaYuda aba engekho ngaphantsi kwe-32% e Odessa. Zokulenza, lo mzi waba 7 zesikhungu, kwizikolo ezingama-89 kunye nee header ezimakhulu mabini (izikolo nezakhiwo). Beza revolution, yaye emva kwayo - imfazwe kunye nomsebenzi lwamaNazi, emva koko inani eli qela uhlanga yehliswa phantse 30 amaxesha!

Namhlanje, Odessa yamaYuda loluntu inani eziguqulweyo, izikolo kunye ufundisiso olunzulu isiHebhere. Apho amaYuda Odessa kunye iklabhu labasetyhini, kwakunye iivenkile zaseKosher kunye zokutyela. WamaJuda Odessa uluntu lipapasha iphephandaba yaso, nto leyo isasazwa simahla.

uluntu aseMoldova e Odessa nembali yayo

Enye Abantu abaninzi abahlala Odessa - nguye Moldovans. Ngapha koko, ukuba kumda aseMoldova ngemizi Ukrainian ngaphakathi kufikelela - kweekhilomitha nje 50 kude. Kwaye enye kwizithili Odessa ebizwa - Moldavian.

Moldovans, yaye Ukraine, bona badla ungathanda ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba kule minyaka 650 yokugqibela phakathi kwamazwe amabini akukho ngquzulwano emkhosini. Moldovans abahlala e Odessa, ukufumana kakuhle kunye Ukraine, embiza kubo enoxolo nzima kakhulu.

Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, eMzantsi Palmyra uhlala ubuncinane 8000 Moldovans. Kwaye kuyo yonke le ngingqi Odessa, kukho amawaka 125. Odessa Moldovans abandakanyeke kwilizwe lasemzini kakhulu izinto ezintathu - ezolimo, ushishino kunye nenzululwazi. Phakathi oonjingalwazi kunye nootitshala ngamaziko emfundo Odessa lukhulu abantu evela kwilizwe elingummelwane.

Moldovans e Odessa uzive Kulula kakhulu yaye bekhululekile. Akukho isithintelo ulwimi musa, njengokuba umthetho, ukuba wayesazi zombini Ukrainian kunye Russian. Abameli kule abambalwa kukho imikhosi zabo abahlala zemveli e Odessa: Mertsishor kunye Malanka. Phela, oko ezithengwa Odessa uluntu uhlelo Moldovans zonke-Ukrainian "Ray Ferou" phephandaba, nto leyo ishicilelwa ngolwimi aseMoldova ukuba amalungu Kuhlala Kwezinye Iindawo.

Odessa: igesi. Iintlawulo labantu

amaxabiso amatsha ukuze ukufudumeza kunye negesi - umbuzo kakhulu uxhalela abemi Odessa kakhulu. NgoMeyi 2015 kwishishini lobulali "Odessagaz" wabhengeza amaxabiso amatsha ukuze abahlali baloo mzi.

Ngoko ke, intlawulo yenyanga kuba irhasi (ngokuba abaqeshi zokuhlala kunye cookers igesi yesiqhelo) anda amaxesha 3 kwaye namhlanje 21,56 hryvnia umntu ngamnye. Kodwa nabanini ngogesi kufuneka ahlawule 64,69 hryvnia umntu ngamnye.

Ngelo xesha kwakhona kwenyuka ukufudumeza amanzi ashushu. Kuba omnye cubic meter yamanzi shushu ukususela Odessa ngoku kufuneka ukuba babeke 42,14 USD. Izinga ukufudumeza New yi 16.7 USD. kwi 'imitha' indawo. Ukudluliselwa, omnye hryvnia - ibe malunga kancinane ezintathu engange Russian.

isiphelo

Odessa - isixeko kwizibuko enkulu kumazantsi eUkraine, laso isusela ebantwini kwesigidi. Kukho amashumi bezizwe ezahlukeneyo. I inkulu kubo - Ukraine, amaYuda Russian, Moldavians, Bulgarians, amaGrike kunye Armenia.