Kwesayensi: ke yena ukufunda ntoni?

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha malunga nenzululwazi ezifana kwesayensi - yintoni efunda yena, kutheni yaye oko ukukhonza ihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Amaxesha amandulo

Amaninzi, xa ebhekisa kwiintlobo yokuqala yobomi on Earth, abantu beza engqondweni Dinosaurs. Kodwa acinga ukuba abemi kakhulu ihlabathi lethu, ixesha ukususela Ukunyamalala babo kangangoko 65 Ma engalunganga. Ngokutsho izibalo ezithile izazinzulu ', ubomi emhlabeni wazalwa kwiminyaka 3.9 billion eyadlulayo, yaye eli nani ukuyiqonda kube nzima kakhulu.

Ngaloo maxesha yoMhlaba kuqala abahlala iintsholongwane ikakhulu kunye namanye amagciwane, kodwa kakhulu kamva baba ezingenamqolo yokuqala, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye ezirhubuluzayo.

Naxa Greece wamandulo, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa iintsalela ezingamathambo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ebomini, kodwa, ke, malunga neminyaka yabo imvelaphi singenanto ukufunda, yaye ngoko ngenjongo kufundisiso babo abazange bazibandakanye. Kodwa sele kumaXesha Aphakathi, le Renaissance, umdla nabemi bamandulo ihlabathi lethu kwaqhambuka ngamandla ukuba kuqale. Kwaye igama elithi "kwesayensi" yaphakanyiswa kwinkulungwane XIX ekuqaleni. Yintoni na yena ukufunda yaye ngoba?

ixesha lethu

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho inkcazelo esemthethweni, kwesayensi sele bafunda iindlela yamandulo ubomi eyayikho ngaphambili ixesha zejoloji yaye wasinda kule mini ngohlobo iifosili kunye neenxalenye zayo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le inzululwazi kuvelisa iintlobo intermediates ngokusekelwe imfundiso yokuzivelela kwezinto eziphilayo.

Uphononongo amathambo efosili, uhlalutyo imizila kunye nobunye ubungqina bokuba izinto eziphilayo - konke oku kuyinxalenye kummandla umdla ezifana inzululwazi kwesayensi. Ukuba isifundo eso angasinika? Ukongeza ulwazi ithiyori nokuqonda kwekhosi yendaleko, kancinane. Kodwa, inyaniso kukuba, kwicala lezingluntu ezisisiseko musa Balwakha ke Injongo intshutshiso nayiphi na inzuzo eziphathekayo.

Mhlawumbi le nxalenye adumileyo izinto zokufunda ezifana inzululwazi, sibonga ngalo ngamnye ubuncinane kanye, kodwa weva ngawo - kukufunda dinosaur kuzo zonke iintlobo kunye ubudala. Kodwa practice zonke prosaic ngakumbi - iifosili zabo enqabileyo lingakhululwanga bapheleleyo, kangangokuba kwiimyuziyam, ungabona kuphela kuvuselelwa asemzimbeni apho amathambo ezi kuphela inxalenye encinane.

Ekuphenduleni umbuzo ukuba ukufunda kwesayensi, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye abemi iilwandle bamandulo - trilobites ezahlukeneyo kunye nabanye. izidumbu zawo aye alondolozwa kakhulu kakuhle neetyuwa amatye nengxelo yelitye. Kaloku, abameli "omncinane" izilwanyana zembali - omkhulu. Ngenxa permafrost eSiberia, iintsalela iimpawu zabo eziBekekileyo kunye ephawulekayo nokhuseleko.

Indlela luncedo kwesayensi

Yintoni okuchazwe, singakwazi ukunika inzululwazi kunye nendlela ukukusebenzisa ngayo kwezinye iindawo? Into yokuba ezi iinkalo, njengoko ephikisana nezinye, akakwazi kuqhayisa iindlela ezikhwankqisayo zophando kunye neziphumo, leyo ngokupheleleyo ezichaphazela ngayo ubomi bethu, ezifana physics, ubunjineli okanye iyeza. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kancinci kancinci, oosonzululwazi uya kufunda lukhulu malunga ngembali yehlabathi lethu de umntu uzalise amasebe eziphakathi le ngcamango yendaleko. Ngokomzekelo, ngoncedo uhlalutyo Radiocarbon isidumbu esinokuyifunda koko nemozulu kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwafika umntu evela iinkukhu okanye nezinye izilwanyana, ukuba benze iingqikelelo, baya kutshintsha nasemva amakhulu amawaka eminyaka.

Isibakala sokuba ukufunda kwesayensi, xa kusenziwa, efana umdlalo umdla, kodwa mngeni kakhulu apho kulula ukuba wenze impazamo okanye iingcinga ezizele yiminqweno, ngokuba nokulahlwa abaphandi eziphathekayo ngaphantsi kakhulu kunokuba esingathanda.

ukumba

Kodwa ukuba iingceba eziphilayo ngoko iminyaka emininzi, ibiyini na ngumhlwa ngamaxesha abo? Njengoko ugcinwe emva kwizigidi zeminyaka, kwaye isizathu lwepaki yabo?

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kwesayensi - inzululwazi iintlobo yamandulo ebomini, nakuthi, bafika ngohlobo iintsalela. Kwaye nto, yokuba ukuze imfundo yabo, ezifunekayo iimeko ezifanelekileyo. Amaninzi zifumaneka isandstone, yaye oku kungekho ngozi. Petrification - inkqubo ekhethekileyo ehlukene kwezinto eziphilayo xa phantsi koxinzelelo, xa kungekho umoya ezaneleyo kunye ukunyakama, iiseli ithambo okanye "ulixhoba" ngcembe buzane iikhompawundi kwizimbiwa. Ke ekugqibeleni, aba ngamatye.

Le nkqubo inde kakhulu, kwaye lusoloko aphazanyiswa ungenelelo ethile emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuba kude kube ngoku iifosili kwafika ngaphantsi kwe kungenziwa. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kuqala kufuneka ukufumana, kwaye azisoloko ngokohlobo amathambo ogqibeleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha paleontologists bachitha iinyanga eziliqela ukuqokelela nje ngokuchanekileyo.

Le ndawo ethembisayo - oku anamandla, imiwonyo, iidipozithi yamandulo isandstone, xa, umzekelo, ngenxa kwenzeka ekuweni ukunyikima oko, nezo izilwanyana ahlale phantsi multimeter elulwalweni.

nesisila

Xa kwesayensi, kukho amasebe ezininzi eziphambili - it paleozoology kunye paleobotany. Uphononongo yokuqala ekuyo kunye ezingenamqolo, kwaye eyesibini - izityalo yakudala nayo yonke into enxulumene nawo. Yaye, bona, yahlulwe ngakumbi ibe nobuninzi yamacandelo, apho thina asikwazi ayikhankanye paleoanthropology, eliphanda okhokho babantu. Ngoko kwesayensi, inzululwazi eziphilayo njengangaphambili xa iyonke.