Kwamafutha: Izinga ukutyiwa. Amazinga isicelo kwamafutha kunye zokuthambisa ukuze imoto

Le nkampani, kuquka izithuthi, kufuneka uhlale uthathe ingqalelo iindleko zokusebenza zazo. Eli nqaku liza kujonga inkunkuma kufuneka abonelelwe ngayo amafutha kunye zokuthambisa (okanye fuel). Ireyithi ukusetyenziswa sidla ibalwa yingcali owazi konke bokuqonda.

Lo mbuzo uye kwayinto ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi xa amaxabiso iimveliso zepetroliyam banduluka ngokukhawuleza up. Xa amashishini baqala ukuphuhlisa imigangatho ezintsha amafutha uze uzame ukufumana lokuhamba beneempahla kolawulo kwamafutha kunye zokuthambisa, kwakunye namathuba ukuze kuncitshiswe kubo, lo gama kugcinwe ukusebenza yenkampani.

Basics Ukwabiwa

Iindleko Ukwabiwa - unokuthelekisa iindleko zamafutha ezahlukeneyo kunye ngabo ityala. Le nqubo, kukho ubugcisa ezimbini.

Eyokuqala isekelwe phezu izibaso wasebenzisa emva mhaka leyi. Ukuba, ke, iya kuthathela ingqalelo ezingundoqo amazinga amafutha, iintsalela ye zepetroli kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngokweenkcukacha.

Indlela yesibini lusekelwe kwimigangatho aphunyeziweyo intloko nkampani ngokwale ndlela ehlaziyiweyo yolwabiwo emotweni kunye izinga kukuwohloka yokusebenza iimpawu. Kukho Kumele kuqatshelwe ukuba ubhale-off kwaye kusebenza imigangatho flow ebekwe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Transport.

Le ndlela eyiyo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuya kuba lula ukuba ukusebenzisa Ministry of Transport rates amafutha. Kodwa iinkampani abaninzi bakhetha yokuzilungiselela ezabo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uphuhliso lwemigangatho yalo bajongane iinkampani esebenzisa eninzi TC. Lo msebenzi ayonto ilula njengoko kusenokubonakala xa efika kuqala.

Okokuqala, intloko ngemiqondiso ummiselo osemthethweni imilinganiselo yokusebenzisa amafutha kuzo zonke ezikhoyo iindlela indlela, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Emva imilinganiselo ngesithuthi ngasinye inxaxheba wenza isenzo.

Ngenxa yalo myalelo ikhutshwa phezu kwemimiselo yokusebenzisa iimveliso zepetroliyam ngaphakathi kwinkampani. Le data zifakwa indawo kolawulo ukuhamba amafutha kunye izinto zokuthambisa.

Ukuba abasemagunyeni irhafu akazange abe imibuzo emininzi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ezibekwe-nkqubo yobalo-yamkelwa ngokungqinelana nemiqathango yokusebenza uqobo zothutho imeko yesithuthi. yokubala oluneenkcukacha kunye nokunik'ingxelo iimveliso zepetroliyam kwi lweshishini lwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuba imizimba kuhlola ukuqonda ukuba ezi indleko ezifanelekileyo. Ezinye imithetho afundisa Ministry of Transport, oko lungasetyenziswa njengesiseko.

Yintoni ebandakanyekileyo?

Ukuze ukurhoxisa ngayo amafutha mzekelo, izinga isicelo kufuneka kugwetyelwa ngokoqoqosho. Abahloli Irhafu ukuthini oku kukuba ukusetyenziswa ezizisiweyo athobele imiqathango, leyo ziyavunywa kwinkampani enye. Noko kuquka ezo mibutho apho basebenza phantsi kweskim irhafu lula.

Ministry of Transport

Kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Transport kuphuhliso kwemigangatho athathele ingqalelo ezinye iinkalo msebenzi.

Ngenxa yoko, fuel bomyinge wamanzi ebusika ukususela-5 ukuya ku-20 ekhulwini kuxhomekeka kwimozulu.

Kwiindlela kwiindawo weentaba ulindeleke ukuba-20%, kuxhomekeke ukuphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nesicwangciso esimbaxa ukuphucula izinga lokuhamba kunokuba ukuya kwi-30%.

Kwimeko yesixeko njengoko kukho amaxesha xa ukunyuka izinga kwi-25%.

Inika 10% ne zokumisa rhoqo izithuthi.

Xa ezithutha imithwalo enzima, enkulu, yingozi okanye ethe, xa isithuthi onyanzelwayo ukuba ukuhamba ngesantya kade, ukunika ukuya kwi-35% zihlasele.

Xa conditioner umoya okanye "ulawulo imozulu" imo - up to asixhenxe ekhulwini.

Ngoko ke ukuba imigangatho amafutha iimoto ezilawulwa ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka unikezele ngeendlela isicelo ngokungqinelana nemiqathango ethile yokusebenza.

iinkqubo

Namhlanje, mhlawumbi, kulawulo naluphi na uhlobo software ishishini isetyenziswa ne ezikhethiweyo efanelekileyo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi kwabo iinkampani abafuna ukwandisa inkqubo ukwenzela ukufumana ezingcono iziphumo amandla amancinane.

Ngokomzekelo, xa umsebenzi accounting kwamafutha kwezithuthi lingafaka kwenziwa yinkqubo Exel oluqhelekileyo. Kodwa ke, ukuqinisekisa kolawulo ingenankathazo zifuna software ezizodwa. Into eluncedo uya zokusebenzisa ngemali inkqubo kunye amafutha zonke izithuthi ezisetyenziswa amashishini kunye esweni kunye ubuninzi ngokuchaneka ukwahluka neendleko kwezo ziqukwe kwi amaxabiso amafutha (Ministry of Transport okanye ziphuhliswe ngqo kwi nkampani).

Kuthekani Ukuba inkcitho?

Ingxelo iya kuzisa uncedo lokwenene kuphela xa amanani zithelekiswa elidlulileyo elizayo. Xa ekumiseleni ethile into enkulu imeko kwamafutha njengongaphezu kwemfuneko zihlalutywe ngokunzulu. Injongo kukuchonga izinto ezakhokelela kwesi umphumo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, yaye isigqibo malunga nalo mbandela.

Ubusela okanye nasiphi na esinye isizathu?

Xa umgangatho amafutha (rate flow) wedatha kakhulu, akudli ubungqina ubusela. Maxa wambi xa sijonga ababhekisi bafikelele kwisigqibo malunga imfuneko ukuba kuhlaziywe imithetho. Umzekelo, neelori bachitha ubungakanani eyahlukileyo zepetroli, kuxhomekeke imeko iimeko umthwalo kunye zokusebenza.

Ukongeza,-akhawunti kufuneka athathwe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwezinye iimeko zangaphandle nangaphakathi, ezifana iimpawu indlela esetyenziswayo nangaphezulu.

elucidation esichaza

Ukuze ufumane izizathu, kuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba umqhubi wabhala naphi overruns achazayo iindleko gwe. Kuxhomekeka izigqibo ezotywe ngokususela ubonelelo amaxwebhu, kukho isigqibo sokuba athathe ingqalelo xa amafutha kwemfuneko kunye amafutha-nemigangatho urhafiso ngengeniso okanye ngcono ukubhala off iindleko yenkampani imali yakhe. Ukuba, ke, ziya kutyhilwa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, ikhutshelwa ukusuka umqhubi ngqo.

Ngenxa yoko, amafutha kwi iinkampani luyenziwa ukubala, nto leyo sidlalwa kumhlaba isantya sokuqukuqela eli phetshana kunye kuchazwa mali okanye bahlule. Amafutha kunye zokuthambisa usenokuphinda icinywe neendleko. Noko ke, ziya kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni kuphela xa inkampani ayidluli esekwe okanye evunywe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Transport of amazinga ezisisiseko amafutha.

Umyalelo ubhale-off

Kufuneka isigqibo ngqo njani i-akhawunti iya kuthengwa isibaso. Amaninzi, abaqhubi ngokwabo uthenge ngayo kwizikhululo igesi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze oko abelwe ngqo imali. Emva koko ke nika ingxelo kwangaphambili kule kunye neerisithi eqhotyoshelweyo zokutha ipetroli.

Enye indlela zinokubakho xa inkampani lingena kwimvumelwano nayo nayiphi uthungelwano ipetroli. Ngoko ke olingene ziya kuhlawulwa yi-transfer bank. Kulo mzekelo, ekupheleni kwenyanga kuya kuthumela inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga indlela zepetroli oko ixabiso, wakhululwa ngomhla abaqhubi ezinikezelwa amatikiti okanye amakhadi. Ngokukodwa ngamanye amaxesha kucetyiswa ukuba ukuvula i-akhawunti ekhethekileyo le akhawunti.

Okulandelayo, kufuneka uqwalasele i inkqubo yokubhala off kwamafutha kunye izinto zokuthambisa. Amaninzi, amaxabiso amafutha (Russia) acebise ukurhoxiswa ipetroli ingxelo kwiimfuno zoshishino jikelele, ngokunjalo imveliso. Ukhetho kulo mzekelo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lombutho, kwakunye indlela yothutho esetyenzisiweyo.

waybill

GSF zisuswa idatha thaca kwi zokuhamba sheets. Zezona amaxwebhu azaliswe abaqhubi kwaye apho ibonakala, zithotyelwe rates amafutha (Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, okanye abo yaphuhliswa nkampani).

Ministry of amaxwebhu Transportation emiselweyo abonisa indlela ngqo kunye mileage, izibaso ifumaneka ekuqaleni indlela nasekupheleni. Ikhethwa yi umahluko kwi parameters zibonisa eziveliswa ukusetyenziswa kanye, nto leyo ke itsaliwe. Oku kwenziwa ngendleko, iindleko avareji okanye technology FIFO. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ubuchwepheshe kufuneka ziboniswe kwi-nkqubo accounting. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela yokwenza yi eyahlukileyo ngokomgangatho kwezinye izinto ayacinywa.

Amaphetshana eepasela ezithunyelwayo ekhutshwe ngemini enye, shift okanye umyalelo. A ixesha elide zinokubakho kuphela xa kwimeko wayehambe ngezoshishino, xa umsebenzi lwenziwa shift ngaphezu kwesinye. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho imfuno mandatory imibutho zothutho kuphela. Ukuba inkampani yenza zonke ezinye ishishini, amaphetshana eepasela ezithunyelwayo usenokuba ebekiweyo ixesha elide, kuxhomekeka imfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, ithuba (njengoko imilo) oxwebhu zohambo kufuneka kuqala kulawulwa yi yintloko nkampani.

ntela

Xa kubalwa i irhafu yengeniso emiselweyo amafutha okanye eziphathekayo iindleko, okanye ezinye iindleko eziyimfuneko ukuthutha umxholo. I-Code Tax alikwazi ukugunyazisa imfuno iindleko ezinxulumene maxabiso. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuhlawuliswa ndleko.

Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka ungalibali ukuba inkcitho kufuneka ube nengqiqo. Ngako oko ke kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise itafile okhethekileyo, nto leyo iya kubonisa imigangatho ulawulo ngempumelelo ngakumbi.

Ngenjongo efanayo kufuneka ubhalise kwi iphepha yobhaliso iya kwenziwa; ngokuba impahla okanye enye, nendlela nokugcina ulawulo phezu iindleko zepetroli kunye izinto zokuthambisa.

Imigangatho: sebenzisa okanye ukusebenzisa?

Xa isigqibo malunga nokuba okanye hayi ukusebenzisa imithetho ezichazwe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Transport, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ziyilelwe izithuthi ezithile phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Kodwa ke, umzekelo, umyinge ubusika yokusebenzisa amafutha iya kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kuloo ezimiselwe ekuqaleni. Ingaba Kubalulekile ubukho iirobhothi, imfuno yobugcisa kunye nezinye kume.

Ngoko ke, njengokuba umthetho, xa kusenziwa ujika ukuba imigangatho kuphuhliswa zahluke kakhulu kwiimeko actual. Xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubushushu ephantsi, isantya lokuqhuba ephantsi, umzekelo yezithuthi zasezidolophini kunye nemfuneko ima ngamaxesha kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi, kuyacaca ukuba imithetho ecetywayo ekuqaleni kugqithiswa kakhulu.

Kwelinye icala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswa kwisiseko, kunye neenkcukacha zabo ziya kuthi ke apha naphaya ukuze zibonise imiba kanye ngaphakathi nangaphandle zokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba iirekodi ezichanekileyo, eziquka iimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezifana izinga amafutha ebusika kunye namanye, ukunika amaxwebhu echanekileyo uxwebhu ukuba ifakwe kule nkampani.