Kutheni ukuze uLwandle oluMhlophe lubizwa ngokuba yiMhlophe? Imbali

Ngubani phakathi kwethu ebuntwaneni engazange azibuze yona umbuzo: kutheni iilwandle zithi i-White, Yellow and Red? Nangona abantwana bayazi ukuba amanzi anemibala ephuma kwi-azure ukuya kwibala elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngoko ke amagama angaqhelekanga wezilwandle ixesha elide aphume ngaphandle kwengqondo yabantwana. Kodwa ngaphezu kwexesha, inzululwazi ihamba phantsi, kwaye ulwazi olufunyenweyo lulibalekile. Namhlanje sanquma ukukhumbula ukuba kutheni uLwandle oluMhlophe lubizwa ngokuba yiLwandle oluMhlophe. Kananjalo xelela ngemvelaphi yamagama kwezinye iilwandle emhlabeni wethu.

Indawo yoLwandle oluMhlophe kwibalazwe yendawo

Le echibini yenye yezona zincinci, ukuhlamba ummandla welizwe lethu. Itholakala ngasentla kummandla we-Yurophu yaseRashiya. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ulwandle, ngakwesinye icala, luyakucula kakhulu kwilizwe, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi luchaza kwisitya se-Arctic Ocean. Inyaniso yokuba ininzi yelitye ihamba ngaphaya kwe-Arctic Circle kwaye ifakwe emhlabathini, ichaphazela oko kuthethwa ngokuba yiLwandle oluMhlophe olufudumele ngakumbi kuwo wonke amanzi asekumntla kwelizwe lethu.

Inkcazelo emfutshane yoLwandle oluMhlophe

Iingqungquthela ze-Hydrologists zicinga ukuba le mithombo ibe yinto enomdla kakhulu, kuba ukukhululeka kwezantsi apha akuhambelani, okwenza indawo yamanzi ibe yodwa kwaye iyingqayizivele ngohlobo lwayo. KuLwandle oluMhlophe kukho ezininzi iziqithi, ezona zidumileyo yiSolovetsky.

Oososayensi bahlula indawo yamanzi kwiindawo ezininzi:

• I-echibini (inzulu kakhulu);
• Inqatha (inxalenye encinci inxulumene noLwandle lwaseBarents);
• Funnel;
• Izindebe - Mezenskaya, Dvinskaya kunye no-Onega;
• IGulf of Kandalaksha.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba imozulu ngaphakathi kweLwandle oluMhlophe idibanisa iinkalo ezininzi:

• OLwandle;
• Kwilizwekazi;
• Oceanic;
• Kwilizwekazi.

Zonke iinkcukacha ezingentla zingenza i-flora kunye nezilwanyana zale ndawo yamanzi zihlukile. Kodwa awaniki ithuba lokuphendula umbuzo othi kungani uLwandle oluMhlophe lubizwa ngokuba yiLwandle oluMhlophe. Ngoko ke, siza kuqhubeka sifuna ulwazi oluchanileyo kumacandelo alandelayo kwinqaku.

Imbali yokuqala ibhekisela kwiLwandle oluMhlophe

Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kutheni uLwandle oluMhlophe lubizwa ngokuba yi-White, imbali kunye nemiba iya kunceda ukufumana ulwazi olukhanyisa kwesi sihloko. Iingcali zenzululwazi zithi ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwidangxuma elisenyakatho kwathethwa ngekhulu leshumi elinanye. Abathengisi baseNovgorod ngokukhawuleza baqikelela amathuba okuphuhlisa ishishini ngeLwandle oluMhlophe, ngaphezu koko, la mazwe ayityebi kwizilwanyana zobomvu, kwaye amanzi - intlanzi. Bonke bebonke baqala ukutsala abantu apha, ngoko ke iinkalo zonxweme zaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine, indawo yokuqala yokuhlala, iKholmogory, yasungulwa, eyasebenza njengechweba lamazwe ngamazwe. Abahwebi baxhobisa iinqanawa ezininzi kwiDenmark ezimbini kwiinkulungwane. Kodwa abantu basemzini bangena kuqala kwindawo yamanzi yoLwandle oluMhlophe kuphela ngekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo.

Ekubeni loo mzuzwana uthengisa phakathi kweNgilani neRashiya yaqala ukuphuhlisa kule ndlela yamanzi, kamva ubudlelwane bezorhwebo kunye namanye amagosa angaphandle.

Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha uLwandle oluMhlophe (okwakungekho i-White), lalahleka ukubaluleka kwalo kumlambo ongasenyakatho. Ukwakhiwa kweSt. Petersburg kwanciphisa kakhulu ukukhangelwa kwalo mmandla kubahwebi. Iinqanawa ezininzi zorhwebo zaqala ukuhamba ngeBaltic.

Mhlawumbi uya kubuza, phi impendulo kumbuzo malunga nokuba uLwandle oluMhlophe lubizwa ngokuba yiLwandle oluMhlophe? Iinkcukacha kunye nolwazi ngale ngongoma, siya kuthi sicacise. Musa ukukhawuleza.

Ulwandle oluMhlophe: kutheni kuthiwa njalo kwaye nini

Izazinzulu ziyazi ukuba ukusa kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe elinamashumi amabini anesigxina. Ngesinye isikhathi wayebizwa ngokuthi uStuden, kwaye akumangalisi. Emva koko, ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu unyaka ulwandle lugqutywe ngokupheleleyo ngumkhenkce, kwaye ubomi obujikelezileyo bukhululeka. Le yinye yezona zizathu eziphambili zokudluliselwa kwendlela yokuntla kworhwebo ukuya emanzini eBaltic Sea. Enyanisweni isiqingatha sonyaka sisona sikhulu esikhulu sokuhweba kwintengiso, ngelixesha apho kunikezelwa amaninzi amancedo kunye namathuba.

Ngamanye amaxesha ulwandle lwalubizwa ngokuba nguSolovetsky ekuzukisweni kwezilwanyana ezinkulu kwiindawo zayo. Izazi-mlando ziyazi ngokukhankanywa kwalo lulwandle njengoMntla. Oku kubangelwa kwindawo yayo kunye neempawu, kuba indawo leyo inendawo kwindawo enzima kakhulu yelizwe lethu.

Kweminye imibhalo kwaqatshelwa ukuba ulwandle lwabizwa ngokuba nguSpokoiny. Kwaye le nto yayiyinkcazelo echanekileyo ngayo - kunzima ukulindela iziphepho neziphepho, xa iinyanga ezingaphezu kweesithandathu amanzi anqabileyo. Kodwa kunjalo, kutheni uLwandle oluMhlophe lubizwa ngokuba yiLwandle oluMhlophe? Kwaye kwenzeka nini na? Kule akhawunti, izazinzulu zineenguqu enye kuphela.

Ephantse ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo i-North Sea yathola amagama amabini aqinisekileyo. AmaScandinaviya abiza ngokuba yiGandwick (Bay of Beasts), kunye namaSlav - White. Kwiimephu zamandulo, kukho enye kunye nokunye ukutyunjwa. Kodwa nangona emva kwekhulu leminyaka ebomini bemihla ngemihla kwakukho igama kuphela leSlavic - uLwandle oluMhlophe. Ngaphantsi kwalo, i-reservoir yatshintsha onke amamephu eendawo zelo xesha kwaye igcinwe igama layo nanamhla.

Kutheni ukuze uLwandle oluMhlophe lubizwa ngokuba yiMhlophe?

Ngelishwa, kwihlabathi lezesayensi akukho ubunye malunga nomvelaphi wegama loLwandle oluMhlophe. Akukho ndawo kwimibandela, le nyaniso ayibonakali, kodwa enye yeenguqu zilandelayo zikwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye zonke zazo zizonke:

• Igama linikezwa ngumkhenkce. Ukususela ngaphaya kwesigama sonyaka ulwandle lusezintanjeni zeqhwa, lubukeka lube ngumgca omhlophe oqhubekayo. Akumangalisi ukuba ookhokho bethu babonakalisa ulwandle olumbala, olunalo lonke unyaka.
• Ukubonakalisa isibhakabhaka. Uninzi lwe-hydrologists lithetha ukuba nangona ehlobo umbala wamanzi oLwandle oluMhlophe lubukhulu. Umbala ofanayo kunye nesantla esibhakabhakeni, kuboniswe kwiponki. Ngako oko, baqala ukuyibiza ngokuhlonipha umthunzi, owuphawu oluthile lwezi ndawo.
• Ixabiso limhlophe. Nangona ukuba le nguqulo ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa, kubonakala ngathi iyabonakala kubantu abaninzi. Kubantu, umbala ngamnye unolwazi oluthile. Umzekelo, obomvu ubonakalisa ubuhle, kodwa umhlophe-lo ngulo qalo likaThixo. Kwakusemantla, ngokweengcali ezininzi zenzululwazi, kwakukho indawo yokuzalwa kuyo yonke i-Slavs-ilizwe le-Hyperborea. Abemi balo babekunikwe iitalente ezininzi, ubuchule nolwazi. Oku kwavumela ama-Hyperboreans ukuba abe ngabantu abanamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa ngenxa yeentlekele zemvelo ilizwe labo lahleka, kodwa ulwandle ngokukhunjulwa kooyise lwaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yiMhlophe.

Ayaziwa ukuba yiyiphi inqaku elona lichanileyo, kodwa umntu unokukhetha kubo enye ehambelana kakhulu nombono wehlabathi. Kwaye siyazi ntoni ngezinye iilwandle? Amagama abo ayenziwe njani?

IiLwandle eziBomvu, eziMnyama neNtsundu: imvelaphi yamagama

Akukho nto inomdla kakhulu ngamabali nakwezinye iilwandle ezidumile zeplanethi. Ngokomzekelo, uLwandle oluMnyama lufumana igama layo kwi-hydrogen sulphide, elinezityebi ezinzulwini. Kwangaxesha la mandulo, oomkhumbi baqaphela ukuba phantse nayiphi into ephakathi kwamanzi ixesha elide lihlanganiswe ngengubo emnyama.

Kwimvelaphi yegama loLwandle Olubomvu, kukho iingcamango ezininzi:

• Amanzi olwandle anesityebi kwi-algae encinci, enokuthi ngexesha elithile lifumana umbala obomvu. Ngeli xesha, amanzi olwandle afana nombala wegazi.
• Ezinye izazinzulu zithi igama elwandle linikezwa ngamatye alungeze kuyo. Unemibala ebomvu kunye nebala elibomvu eliqaqambileyo.
• Enye ingcamango malunga negama elunxwemeni inxulumene noMoses weBhayibhile. Emva kwakho konke, ngokwembali, ekhokela amaYuda eYiputa, wakwazi ukususa amanzi eLwandle Olubomvu waza wafumanisa phantsi, apho onke amaYuda ayefudukela khona. Kodwa amaqhawe aseYiputa awangcwaba phantsi kwamanzi xa wayala uMoses ukuba avalile iintloko. Ngaloo mizuzu amanzi olwandle ayegwetshiwe obomvu ngombala wegazi labafileyo. Ukususela ngoko, igama lomthombo liye labelwa kuye.

Ulwandle oluBomvu lunobunxweme obunobumba, ngoko ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukugqabhuka ukusuka emanzini, baya kuphazamisa amanzi kwi-tint yellow. Abantu bamandulo babubona oku kwaye banikela ulwandle igama elifanelekileyo.

Ehlabathini lethu kukho indawo ezininzi ngamagama angavumelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha abonisa imbali enomdla wemimandla yasemaphandleni kunye namaqonga.