Gantt - umncedisi wakho kwisicwangciso. Yintoni itshathi Gantt, nendlela yokwenza oko?

Itshati Gantt (i Gantt Chart Circle Umzobo) - enye zixhobo ethandwa ukubonisa ishedyuli kulawulo lweprojekthi.

Yintoni na?

Le tshati Gantt yenzelwe ukubonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo umsebenzi kwicandelo kumashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi. Ngokweliso lizisa uthotho lwezintlu ezilula ngezithandelo ezibandakanya nemigca enqamleze eziphambili: Interior kunye nexesha. ixesha ngalinye yayanyaniswa umsebenzi othile ekufuneka kwenziwe.

Kulo mzobo, ukongeza unit ezingundoqo ukuze simise ikholam ekhethekileyo ezongezelelweyo ebonisa ipesenti umsebenzi. Notes ezizodwa - Iimbalasane - esetyenziswayo ukukhetha imisebenzi emibini okanye ngaphezulu uze ubonise ukulandelelana ukubulawa kwabo.

chart Gantt luhlobo umgangatho kwicandelo lolawulo lweprojekthi, oko ngoncedo wayo kunokwenzeka ukubonisa intsebenzo isakhiwo zonke izigaba zeprojekthi ngokucacileyo.

Yintoni na itshathi Gantt?

Ngenxa yokuba uninzi abantu okubonwayo, itshathi yenza kube lula ukucombulula omnye wemisebenzi eziphambili ubonise abasebenzi yintoni ekufanele kusetyenzwe ngazo, ukuba izibonelelo zisetyenziswa kule nkqubo kwaye isantya ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Lonke ulwazi ezinikezelweyo kwifomu zixinaniswe, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iitafile ezintsonkothileyo, yaye isixa esikhulu lwesicatshulwa. Kulo mzekelo, lo ke umongo ecacileyo neqondakalayo kubo bonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, abathathi-nxaxheba zale projekthi.

Ukusebenzisa itshathi lula ulawulo lweprojekthi kunye asakhasayo kwenza kube lula ukugcina njalo abasebenzi abaphantsi kolawulo.

Ibali kwigrafu yokuqala

Ifomati yokuqala yetshathi saphuhliswa kwaye sivavanywe Henry L. Gantt ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Scientist waqesha ukulawula ukwakhiwa iinqanawa ukuze zisetyenziswe leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. ishedyuli eyodwa wamvumela ukuba ilungelelanise umsebenzi iinjineli eziliqela, ukulawula imisebenzi lingaphelanga ixesha elinikiweyo. Gant waqala ukusuka ugqithiselo layo yonke imisebenzi efunekayo kunye nocwangciso ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo ezikhoyo ngqo.

Inyathelo elibalulekileyo yaba umboniso ukuxhomekeka enye kwezinye imisebenzi. Ukongeza, Gant yedwa ixesha ngamnye sexesha, ngexesha apho kwafuneka ukuba bazalise uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi, wachaza ngubani yaye kuya kwenzeka ngenxa ngexesha elabelwe le projekthi.

Ukwakhiwa itshati Gantt lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iasi eme nkqo emele imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kwakunye tyaba, ixesha emele.

itshathi Gantt kutshanje

Le ndlela ucwangciso angalahlekelwa ngokufaneleka unanamhla, kuba likuvumela ukuba ukunika lumelo olubonakalayo lwe isicwangciso yemveliso, ibhexesha esweni inkqubela ekuphumezeni imisebenzi. itshathi Gantt waba namandla kangangokuba isixhobo inethiwekhi ukuba phantse 100 iminyaka akazange afumane naluphi na utshintsho. Kuphela 90 yenkulungwane lokugqibela ngenjongo inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi ubudlelwane esimigca bakhe unxibelelwano ziye zaziswa phakathi imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo:

• "Wugqibeni-isiqalo" - eneneni ayikwazi ukuqala de kugqitywe intshukumo A;
• "Qala-wokugqiba" - The esisenzo ukuqala logama nje intshukumo ungaqali A;
• "Qala-isiqalo" - izenzo ningaqali ngaphambi kunolo A;
• "Wugqibeni-to-wokugqiba" - I intshukumo kufuneka iphele ngaphambi isiphumo ekupheleni A.

Kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba itshati Gantt ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo zobunjineli elikhulu enjalo isebenza njenge Hoover Idama (Las Vegas, 1939) kunye nenkqubo umendo Eisenhower (ebandakanya uninzi kwizixeko ezinkulu kwi US).

Imiyalelo: ukwakha indlela itshathi Gantt ngamanyathelo-5?

Okulandelayo siza kujonga imithetho yokwakha itshathi Gantt uze uzame ukudala ngokwakho kwisicelo spreadsheet Microsoft Excel.

Inyathelo 1: ingqokelela yedatha

Ukuze bazobe igrafu, sifuna ulwazi kulandelayo:

• ilungelelanise zonke iiseti zedatha (kungoko kufuneka uqale nganye columns);
• igama kwibanga ngalinye;
• ubude kwisigaba ngasinye.

Ukunenzela lula, siye kungena ngqo kwi entsimini efanelekileyo kule theyibhile. Sakuba nje ufake yonke ingcaciso efunekayo, ungaqalisa ukudala umzobo ngokwayo.

Kubalulekile: Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iifomati data zixeliweyo ngokuchanekileyo; ingakumbi, kumayelana imihla.

Inyathelo 2: Formation of the layout

Ngoko ke, siyazi injongo yocwangciso kunye key data, ngokusekelwe apho siya kwakha ishedyuli. Ngoku kwi window spreadsheet, sifanele ukuba siye kwicandelo "Faka -> Chart" kwaye ngoku nqakraza kumba "walawula". Yintoni ekufuneka thina Asiyiyo njengesiqhelo, kodwa zokwanda, njengokuba kuphela saba Iseti yesibini data, nto leyo kule meko iza kuba zaseprayimari.

Inyathelo 3. Susa zonke angeyomfuneko

Ukuze benze oku, le program ibonelela izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. On itshati evela kwikhusi kufuneka ukucoca mouse yakho phezu komcu blue, nqakraza kwi ekunene iqhosha kwaye khetha "Ifomathi Series Data" kwi menu. Apho izakubonisa window apho sifanele ukuba siye kwi "Bhala" ukhetho uze ukhethe "Akukho Zalisa". Emva koko, itshati iza kukhangeleka ngathi kulandelayo:

Inyathelo 4. ugqibezela

Ekubeni, ngokungagqibekanga, yonke idatha kule grafu acwangciswe ngolandelelwano ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, kufuneka ulungise kancinane kuyo. Ukuze wenze oku, nqakraza i ekunene iqhosha le mouse kwi luhlu axis (lowo kufutshane apho sibona uluhlu kwemisebenzi), yiya kwi window 'Format Axis ". Ngoko nangoko ukuvula i tab efunekayo kuthi - "i parameters axis." Jonga ibhokisi ethi "Reverse umyalelo beendidi." Enyanisweni, itshati Gantt sikulungele, ihlala kuphela isibini izinto eziluncedo.

Inyathelo 5: Ifomata

Ngoko ke, siya kuqhubeka ukusebenza kwishedyuli. Njengoko ubona, ukuba ikhangeleka kodwa mhle, kwaye ngoku siza ukuyilungisa esebenzisa iziqhubekisi table:

1. Tsala itshati ukuya kubukhulu usebenzisa neentolo kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene.
2. Khetha yonke imihla kwitheyibhile, nqakraza kwi enkulu, nqakraza-ekunene uye "Fomatha yacheek-> Inombolo." Eli candelo lizisa iifomati lwamanani ezisisiseko ngayo esisebenza. Ukuze yokurekhoda awulungelanga kwi omnye komnye, sicebisa ukuba ukukhetha uguqulelo elifutshane ukurekhoda. Wabuya-nqakraza ekunene kwi esqwini kunye nemihla kwi itshati, khetha i "Format Axis -> Number" uze ufake uphawu ecaleni kwe "Unxibelelwano umthombo."
3. Khetha ilivo (jonga "Umhla" yaye "Ubude" ekunene) kwaye cinezela isitshixo Cima kwi yezitshixo.
4. Vula i "Format Axis -> Useto" uze usete ubuncinane kwaye ubuninzi amaxabiso (sizibekele Disemba 15 njengoko nguMvulo, yaye ngoJanuwari 3). Apha ungabeka ixabiso lwahlulo (luncedo kwiimeko apho, umzekelo, umsebenzi kwi projekthi iza kuthatha iiveki ezininzi okanye iinyanga). Kwimeko yethu iluncedo ngakumbi ukushiya ixabiso elisisiseko (2.0).

A nokuhlola encinane ufomato - yaye yiloo nto ubuhle esinayo ekupheleni. Phambi kokuba - itshathi Gantt ugqibile. Umzekelo ukuba baye banikela, Kakade ke, kulula kakhulu - kodwa oko kwanele ukuba uliqonde kakuhle le ndlela yokucwangcisa kunye nokubonisa inkqubo zokwenza imisebenzi ethile.

Ezinye iinkqubo ukudala graphics

Kakade ke, kukho ezinye iinkqubo, nobunzima kakhulu ukuba kube lula ukumilisela ulawulo lweprojekthi. Gantt nayiphi ngokuntsokotha kube lula yakhiwe ngokusebenzisa izicelo ezifana:

• SchedRoll;
• Ezakhiwe Gantt;
• Mindjet JCVGantt Pro;
• Microsoft Project, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ukongeza, kukho iinkonzo eziliqela online ezibonelela abasebenzisi bayo ithuba ukucwangcisa kuphela imicimbi yazo, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana iingxelo rhoqo kwi imeko yangoku isaziso nge-imeyile imisebenzi. Noko ke, umntu singenako ukuyiphika le nto ukuba yimfihlo idatha egcinwe kwi network usemngciphekweni, kunye software emileyo ifakiwe ngqo kwikhompyutha lomntu, njengokuba umthetho, kukho ukusebenza ebanzi kakhulu kunye nokusebenza oluthembekileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo le ndlela

Okokugqibela kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha iingenelo eziphambili kunye nengeloncedo le ndlela yokucwangcisa kunye nolawulo.

Inzuzo ephambili ngokungathandabuzekiyo ntetho lomzobo we eziphathekayo. Njengomgaqo, amashishini lula ukusebenza ngeetshathi Gantt - bathanda ukuba bakwazi ukuchonga ngokucacileyo uze uphawule amanqanaba projekthi. Ngenxa wokungeniswa kwemisebenzi ngohlobo imivumbo ezinemibala onke amalungu eqela ngokoqobo kwi nje imisebenzi yabo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Gantt iitshathi i isixhobo ntetho elikhulu nako ukubonisa izinto ezingundoqo zale projekthi. Oko kukuthi, kamsinya nje iqumrhu elilawulayo ukubeka nokusasaza zonke izibonelelo ezikhoyo, iqela kwangoko efunda ngayo uze ulandele imiyalelo. Le tshati Gantt mhlaba kuluncedo kakhulu abaphezulu - besebenzisa kuyo, kunokuba lula kakhulu ukuba kuqulunqwe ingxelo eneenkcukacha, ngamafuphi ngobume ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo.

Noko ke, njengokuba nayo nayiphi na enye indlela yokucwangcisa, etshatini Gantt uye kuneengxaki zako. Omnye wabo - an iingxaki mkhuba. Lidla ngexesha okuqhutywa iiprojekthi kwiinkokeli kukho imfuneko ukubonisa ezinye zezi misebenzi ezinxulumene omnye komnye. Ngelishwa, ifomathi itshati ngokwayo akavumeli oku. Ukuba usombulule le nciphiso, abaphathi baye babhenela namacebo eyahlukeneyo: umzekelo, idityaniswe kwishedyuli lwelayini ezizodwa nkqo ukuba ukubonisa izixhomekeki engundoqo. Nangona kunjalo, oku isisombululo yethutyana kuphela, angabi nako ukudlulisa ulwazi luphela.

Enye ilahleko ngeetshathi Gantt ingabizwa inflexibility zabo. Kule mihla iiprojekthi azimanga ndawonye - abasifundayo rhoqo kwindawo ethile utshintsho, ngokutshintsha amaxesha, cinga ukuba itshathi nje akunakwenzeka. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka kwishedyuli yokwakha, abaphathi kufuneka ukubala zonke iinkcukacha, ngokuba utshintsho incinane yovavanyo kufuneka ngokutsha "ukususela ekuqaleni" itshathi lonke. Kwaye yiloo nto singasathethi isibakala sokuba eli thuba ukubonisa inani ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye kwaye akukho izicwangciso.

Enoba kutheni ufuna itshati Gantt, inkqubo (nkqu ezininzi "eliphezulu") kuba nako ukubonisa ixabiso lwezibonelelo ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi ethile, ubuntu babo. Ngoko ke ngenxa iiprojekthi ezinkulu-isikali isetyenziswa enqabile.

Noko ke, oko kuyinyaniso emsulwa ukuba isenzo solawulo lweprojekthi, le ndlela isagquba kakhulu - kuba ngaphezu kwenkulungwane lokusetyenziswa abantu abaye baba nethuba ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwakhe ukusebenza eliphezulu.