Jonas Savimbi: a elilwela inkululeko Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (wazalwa 03/08/34 in Portuguese Angola - 22/02/02 babulawa kufuphi Lukusse, ibid) - sezopolitiko, inkokeli ye-ukuhlaselwa ngabavukeli yabanqolobi nxamnye norhulumente Angola waseSoviet-exhaswa xa esebenza.

curriculum vitae

Unyana wenkosi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Jonas Savimbi waba kwizikolo wevangeli wafumana imali yokufunda kumazwe aphesheya. Wafunda iyeza kwiYunivesithi eLisbon ePortugal, yaye kamva wathola ubugqirha kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko kwiYunivesithi yase Lausanne, Switzerland, ngo-1965

Nangona Afrika kwimephu yehlabathi kakhulu akhiwa nwe ithi yaseYurophu - France, eJamani, eItali, Belgium, i-UK, Spain Portugal. A ikoloni yokugqibela kwaye wazalelwa khona Zhonasha. Ngowe-1961 Savimbi wajoyina ayebanjiwe Roberto, inkokeli intshukumo ngenxa geqe Angola Abantu Union (UPA), umdlali welinye iqela le Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA, kaMarx-Leninist "labour" iqela). Waziqhekeza ne UPA ngo-1966 kwaye kwasekwa intloko UNITA (UNITA), nto leyo walwa ulawulo Portuguese lobukoloniyali.

Afrika wonke imephu neAfrika

Ngowe-1965, Savimbi wagqiba ukwenza intshukumo wakhe, waza waqalisa ukuya kufuna inkxaso. Waya evela eTshayina, apho yena nabanye kwiirhuluneli bakhe babemenyiwe kwikhosi nyanga asithoba anesithoba impi yokulwela. E Beijing, inkokeli UNITA, wadibana Mao Zedong kunye nezinye iinkokheli zomkhosi nezopolitiko revolution Chinese. Savimbi wafunda amacebo isetyenziswa njalo ngempumelelo kamva e-Angola. Kamva, xa wafuna uncedo oluvela kumazwe Western, Zhonash downplayed ukubaluleka ngotyelelo lwakhe China. Ngokukodwa, wathi Mao kunye ndawonye nje bafunda ukuba balwe njani kwaye ukuwina impi, kodwa ke indlela ukuphatha uqoqosho kunye lizwe, oko kukuthi. To. Ubutyebi beentlanga wadala inyathelo abantu.

vivo

Ekubuyeleni Angola, Jonas Savimbi waqalisa ukuhlanganisa ovimbundu yakhe sesizwe kunye nezinye namahlakani. Urhulumente Wangqingwa ekhaya kunye lishwangusha ngamazwe. November 10, 1975 Portugal iyeka ngokusesikweni ulawulo yayo phezu na ilizwe laseAfrika. Kwakukho umzabalazo msinya, kukrakra namandla, nto leyo ekhokelele Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola wathi ngokwayo urhulumente omtsha. Emva kokuba iqela uqhankqalazo MPLA, UNITA wacela ukuba amajoni Cuba kunye nezixhobo Soviet Isetyenziswa ukulondoloza amandla. Kungekudala Zhonash wanyanzeleka ukuba abalekele nzulu Angola kunye nabalandeli kuphela elinesibini ezimbalwa.

Apho nxamnye ubunganga yiSoviet, ngubani indawo Portuguese, yatsala wabiza ukuba umkhosi omtsha. Ngoncedo yezixhobo kunye nabaqeqeshi ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika, Savimbi waququzelela ngabavukeli enamandla nesebenzayo. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha noRhulumente Angola ngoncedo yomkhosi Cuba izame ukutshabalalisa iingalo Soviet ukuya UNITA, kodwa luqalile yabamba indawo enkulu, nto leyo yahlasela ofisi zikarhulumente, zikaloliwe kunye nemizila.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yomlomo Savimbi wafumana uncedo evela eTshayina, eMzantsi Afrika nase-United States ngokuchaseneyo MPLA abangabaxhasi bakaMarx, eSoviet-exhaswa, nto leyo nelawulwa urhulumente kazwelonke. UNITA waqhubeka ukuqhuba umbuso impi nxamnye MPLA ngexesha 1970 kunye 80s.

ukuthula

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1991 amajoni Savimbi wayenxiba phantsi elikomkhulu Luanda, ukusika imigca ngamandla intercepting okuzo. Ekugqibeleni, i-MPLA wanyanzeleka ukuba avume ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yalo enyanisweni negalelo ukuyilwa ityala-20 ezigidi-dollar of Angola kunye nokusilela phantse ngokupheleleyo imveliso. MPLA uMongameli Jose Eduardo dos Santos ivumile ukuba zithetha-thethane Savimbi kunye UNITA, kwakunye iipakeji iinguqu ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni uqoqosho. Izivumelwano Uxolo zatyikitywa ngomhla wama-31 Meyi 1991, yaye umlo wayeka kungekudala.

Emva koko, Jonas Savimbi, zixhaswa abaxhasi nolangazelelo, kwaqhutywa iphulo kaMongameli lonke Angola. Nangoku uye wathembisa ukuba UNITA uya kwazisa kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho, unyulo rhoqo simahla kunye nobunini babucala bomhlaba kunye noshishino. Ebudeni rally kwikomkhulu ngoSeptemba 1991, Savimbi wathi amandla iqela bakhe kuphela ezingalweni zakhe, kodwa phambi kwayo zezopolitiko.

Ukulahlekelwa ngonyulo

isivumelwano Uxolo kunye noRhulumente zemfazwe Angola uye wayeka, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ayibambe ezamahala kunyulo lwesizwe lamaqela 1992. Emva kokulahlekelwa Savimbi kunye UNITA Sabuyela umzabalazo wezigalo ukuze olawula lizwe, belawula kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemaphandleni. Le ntetho lwasingathwa kwakhona, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kwesiVumelwano eLusaka ngo-1994. Impi baba ziyekwe, kunye nomkhosi kwafuneka ukuba imipu. Angola uMongameli Jose Eduardo dos Santos, Savimbi ecetywayo ukuba ngomnye vice abongameli ezimbini, kunye UNITA - inxaxheba kurhulumente. Zhonash kamva bazitshitshisela isindululo, yaye ngo-1997 ngokusesikweni wamiselwa njengenkokheli inkcaso. Emva konyaka isithuba kwayekwa. Ngowe-1996, Savimbi wathi uya kugcina ulawulo lwe mimandla diamond ohlawulayo mpuma Angola, nangona abanye babo baye bathunyelwa urhulumente ngo-1998.

ukufa

ixesha War Cold kudala yaphela, kunye UNITA waye abaneengxaki kunye ngezimali. NgoSeptemba 1998, Savimbi wajongana nenkcaso phakathi embuthweni, xa kukho iqela embiza ngokwawo i UNITA-R, wamtyhala baza bakhokela ngokwabo. Ukususela ngoko iqela yahlulwa amaqhezu ezintathu. I-Government of Angola kunye Development Southern African ezisemthethweni UNITA-R. Noko ke, ngoMatshi 2001, Jonas Savimbi wacela kut- iintetho wayezimisele ukwamkela ngokubhekiselele kwisiVumelwano eLusaka. Nangona urhulumente banyuselwe mawabeke ibe ngumqathango ekuqaleni thethwano ezintsha, Savimbi wabiza yamaKatolika iCawa solamlo kwimpikiswano. Ukulwa kwaqhubeka kulo 2001 yaye isasazeka kumazwe angabamelwane, Zambia kunye Namibia. imikhosi urhulumente waqhubeka kakubi Zhonasha yaye ekugqibeleni bamfumana kwimpuma kwiphondo Moxico. Savimbi uhlaselwe wambulala. Emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-Apreli 2002, isivumelwano uxolo yatyikitywa phakathi UNITA kunye noRhulumente Angola.