Izityalo kweseli: imizekelo iimpawu

Zonke izinto eziphilayo on Earth bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu - cellular and non-zeselula. Le yokugqibela kuquka iintsholongwane kuphela, kodwa kowokuqala - zonke ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Iseli inokuba eukaryotic (kufuneka isakhiwo i iseli isiqalo) okanye prokaryotic (core intanethi). ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe zimelwe iintsholongwane, kwaye yokuqala ukubandakanya zonke ezinye amaqela zezidalwa. Ubume be-inkoliso yabo yenziwe ziiseli ezininzi, kodwa kukho kweli iqela elilodwa olunye-, izityalo, umngundo, kunye nezilwanyana. Le yokugqibela ziquka amoeba, ciliates, nomngundo - igwele, Mucor, IPenicillium.

Ubume plant cells single-elilodwa

Ezi eziphilayo ke eukaryotes, oko kukuthi, DNA kwazo elakha, nto leyo iba zikhusela. Njengazo zonke iiseli zezityalo, zinezintlu organelles ezithile ezifana vacuoles kunye plastids. Kwakhona kubume iqulathe mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, izixhobo Golgi kunye reticulum endoplasmic, okt iseti organelles, umgangatho kuwo onke eukaryotes.

umsebenzi organelles

Mitochondria ukuphumeza eyona ndima ibalulekileyo kwiseli - ukuba avelise amandla kuzo zonke iinkqubo zobomi. Lysosomes banoxanduva ukugaywa intracellular kwezondlo. Misebenzi ribosomal njini protein evela acid ngamnye.

I Golgi nokulungelelanisa ezinye iimolekyuli, bazibuthela zonke iseli izinto yaphuhliswa.

reticulum Endoplasmic naye othatha inxaxheba nethe, baba izimbiwa synthesizing lipids kunye phospholipids. Organelles ezikhethekileyo ukuba batyale iiseli, uze wenze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo. Xa inkqubo yefotosinthesis lwenzeka chloroplasts, vacuoles kunye nokusebenzisa indima itanki ye cell izinto ezingeyomfuneko.

izityalo kweseli. izibonelo

Olu hlobo eziphilayo na udidi lisiza. Owona mzekelo okuphawuleka izityalo chlamydomonas elilodwa olunye-. Oku kubandakanye chlorella iintlobo diatoms.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

izityalo kweseli kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo iimpawu zazo ahlukile. Nangona bonke luqulathe kwiseli enye, koko babe iimpawu zabo ezithile.

Chlamydomonas - ummeli edume ulwelwe kwiseli enye. Abafani abanye ukuba sele organelles ezifana iliso ukukhanya-ethe, apho eziphilayo unako ukugqiba apho kukho ngaphezu amandla elanga yefotosinthesisi. Endaweni yoko, chloroplasts ezininzi abanazo, ebizwa chromatophores enye enkulu. Kwakhona kubume ibandakanya vacuole contractile. Benza njengoko kweempompo ukuba ukumpompa engamanzi kwemfuneko. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka misila ezimbini, organelles evumela umzimba ukuba sihambe ngendlela yokukhanya. Enye zityalo omnye ezineseli - chlorella.

Kanye Chlamydomonas, ukuba ulele eluhlaza, kodwa musa ukuba organelles ezininzi ezizodwa, njengoko eziphilayo ezichazwe apha ngasentla. iiseli zabo - nemifuno ekuso.

Diatoms ziyasebenza izityalo olunye-elilodwa. Basimisela ingxenye enkulu kwizidalwa ehlala imizimba omkhulu wamanzi. Zinelungelo inwebu yeseli ethile elikhusela umzimba yemeko ezisingqongileyo. Siqulathe dioxide of lesilicon, oxides yentsimbi, aluminiyam kunye nezinye kusitsha. Ukususela yokutyiwa kweqokobhe akhiwa yezimbiwa ezininzi. Uninzi izityalo-elilodwa single zande division indlela. Yonke loo eziphilayo ukufumana izondlo iphotosynthesis, okt ukuba autotrophs.