"Isivunguvungu" (rocket). inkqubo imizili Antitank

"Umsinga" - enomjukujelwa ukusuka Russian kwinkqubo enomjukujelwa antitank (ATRA) 9K121 "omtsha" (NATO Classification - AT-16 Scallion), ukuba isikhokelo laser. Isebenza ukusuka iinqanawa, kwakunye ntaka Ka-50, Ka-52 kunye Su-25. kuqala bekubonakalisiwe ngo-1992 kwi-air show in Farnborough.

Imbali uphuhliso

Complex "isivunguvungu" yaphuhliswa lalisakuba yiSoviet Union njenge kwiwotshi of ATRA American AGM-114 Peter. Umsebenzi yaqala ngo-1980 kwaye lwenziwa yi Tula nabaqambi i KBP phantsi kolwalathiso AG Shipunova. Iikopi yokuqala zasiwa umkhosi ngo-1985. Yintoni bayahlelwa enomjukujelwa waba "ovuthuzayo"? Tests ezintsonkothileyo ntaka B-80 kunye Su-25T, olwenziwa ngowe-1986, kuqinisekiswa yi ukusebenza kwayo phezulu. Kwixa elizayo, ezi complex ndenziwa maxesha, nto leyo eyaphela ngo-1990. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba imeko yemali elidlulileyo kuba amajoni Russian kwathengwa kuphela inani elincinane iimveliso akugqiba ukulungiselela iinjongo zovavanyo. imveliso Series yaqala ngo-2014, kwaye iinkqubo yokuqala wazibeka emkhosini Russian ekupheleni kuka-2015 ukuya kukuxhobisa ntaka Ka-52.

ongakhetha ATRA

Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini kule anti-complex:

• 9K121 «isivunguvungu" - uhlobo ekuqaleni, uphuhliso eyagqitywa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1997. Indlela nenqaba ngayo yafakwa nale complex "isivunguvungu"? 9M127 enomjukujelwa uluhlu lwe ukuya ku-8 km inxalenye yawo. isikrweqe sayo iwaranti yaba 900 mm.
• 9K121 «Vikhr-M" - inguqulelo basis of the serial. Oku kuquka umjukujelwa "omtsha-1" (uphawulo standard - 9M127-1) uluhlu-10 km, mayixhotyiswe isigxina eyenzelwe abantu lihlaba iintonga ku-1200 mm.

Imithetho ukucima amandla embetha

Ziintoni iimpawu ATGM "isivunguvungu"? Umjukujelwa ezintsonkothileyo eyenzelwe kutshabalalisa iithagethi ebalulekileyo emhlabeni, kuquka nezikrweqe, baxhotyiswa kunye neziqhushumbisi-izidubuli isikrweqe engundoqo okanye ezongezelelweyo (ERA). Phantse yonke nezikhali anti zisebenza ngenxa yesenzo ezongezelekayo, okt. E. Xa ukugqobhoza isikrweqe jet ngentsimbi eshushu. Ukwanda-izidubuli isikrweqe na kwaphulwa kuphela ngu hits ezimbalwa kwindawo enye. Lo mgaqo ukusebenza ngokubambisana iimbumbulu, njenge "omtsha-1" rocket, apho kukho ezimbini intlawulo oluqhelekileyo kubangelwa ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle iintlawulo ababili ukufumana kwindawo enye kwi sikrweqe phantse akunakwenzeka.

Ukwakhiwa ATGM "isivunguvungu"

Irula "umsinga-1" warhead yi antitank enzima "omtsha-M", nayo leyo ibandakanya ezi ziqendwana zilandelayo:

• umndululi-moya (ntaka, iinqwelo) ukuchwetheza aap okanye aap-6-8;
• inkqubo ngokutsha esizenzekelayo kujoliswe uhlobo I-251 "uqhwithela-M."

inkqubo abalibona oluzenzekelayo "uqhwithela-M" uphuhliso Krasnogorsky isityalo "Zenith" inesixhobo TV kunye IR amajelo (infrared) ejolise esi sicatshulwa laser umqadi ukulawula enomjukujelwa, a laser rangefinder, i tracking iyunithi ekujoliswe oluzenzekelayo, yedijithi ikhompyutha kunye nenkqubo irula kuzinziswa zibhabha ngo moya ezimbini . I-251 nkqubo ibonelela ubhaqo kwithagethi kunye nokuchongwa ngexesha lasemini nasebusuku, lo tracking oluzenzekelayo neethagethi kunye nesikhokelo phezu kwabo enomjukujelwa, kwaye ovelisa ulwazi oluchanekileyo ukuze zokudubula neziqhushumbisi.

ubuchwepheshe sokukhomba

Ukuba zika kwethagethi Pre-wangena kule ekwinqwelo computer entsonkothileyo lwedijithali (ODCC) ntaka (moya), endihleli memory kufuneka igcinwe imephu indawo ye-flight, xa besondela ithagethi kumgama 12-15 km kwenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo ivuliwe "uqhwithela-M." Ukuba zika ekujoliswe baziwa malunga kuphela, inkqubo le boresight ezintsonkothileyo "omtsha-M" ibandakanya elilingwayo. Iqala ukuhlolisisa iindawo kwi umabonakude (okanye ufaniso thermal) channel, ukubonisa iziphumo kwi-TV screen kwi elorini.

Emva kokuba imbonakalo ekujoliswe kwi pilot TV kubandakanya yokwandisa imo, ngokuchonga ekujoliswe kwaye ikhokelela yayo reticle umfanekiso tag. Le nkqubo ke "uqhwithela-M" liguqulelwe ngokuthi pilot phezu tracking of an oluchongiweyo. Kule mo, umqhubi kufuneka agcine i-ntaka ezinjalo isikhundla xa kuthelekiswa nokujoliswe kuko, ukuze ukuba kwamkelekile ukuba izixhobo umkhondo ngaphakathi ekujikeni azimuth (ukuya ± 35 °) kunye nokuphakama (ukusuka + 5 ° ukuya -80 °). Xa ifika uluhlu kuvumelekile, ngokuzenzekelayo yesuka i anti-enomjukujelwa "isivunguvungu". Xa ekujoliswe efanayo ngexesha elinye uyakwazi ukubeka isiqingatha umzuzu okanye imijukujelwa ezimbini zokudubula ukuya ekujoliswe-4.

Umjukujelwa "isivunguvungu": Iimpawu

Umjukujelwa yenzelwe ukutshabalalisa ekujoliswe emhlabeni vehicles, kubandakanywa nabo ufakwe ephambili okanye ezongezelelweyo isikrweqe iziqhushumbisi-yovukelo kumgama km 8 ekuqhutyweni umlilo indiza ne-10 km ukusuka moya emini (ukuya kwi-5 km ebusuku), kwakunye ukuba litshitshiswe ekujoliswe umoya walungiselela VOP kukugubungela indlela. Lixhotyiswe zombini zoqhagamshelwano kunye nokuba kufutshane iifyuzi. Le yokugqibela ikuvumela ukuba ukubetha ekujoliswe ezonga ekusondeleni kubo umgama m ukuya ku-5.

Isantya ukubhabha enomjukujelwa kukho supersonic, ukufikelela 610 m / s, ukuze umgama km 4 weyisayo kwimizuzwana 9. Ngaloo ndlela PTUR esimbaxa AGM-114K Esihogweni yokugubungela lo mgama ifuna 15 njengoko ibhabha ngesantya subsonic.

Kwi-engile uhlangana yimiqobo umjukujelwa ° 90 breaks eqinisekiswe isikrweqe sentsimbi homogenous 1000 mm.

design irula

Irula warhead eyenziwe wesekethe eyenzelwe abantu wesikolo bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye ecaleni ubude bayo. isiphelo somphambili we-siziindleko emise, apho kukho drive ye ezine imiphezulu ulawulo ashukimisayo aokusetyenziswa yayigcinwa banduluka ngaphandle kwi reverse kwicala kuthelekiswa isantya irula. Elilandelayo warhead yesibini edityaniswe ukuba zombini ngokudibanisa high-zivutha ubé nesabelo.

Kuba warhead ethathwa yokubasela injini engundoqo kunye injini eyona ngokwayo siluqilima kunye nemilomo ezimbini ngqo kwi-engile ukuya ezimanyeneyo rocket. Apha, kwicandelo umsila le umjukujelwa, kuba izixhobo yolawulo isikhongozeli inkqubo instrumental kunye svetolucha laser receiver.

Inxalenye yezindlu diff yahlulahlulwe ashukimisayo empennage irula kwiindawo ezine ngku bent (njengoko ulijonga impumlo enomjukujelwa) amaphiko imilo pentagonal, ukuba phambi kokuqala i (xa ngaphakathi yokuthwala sungula isikhongozelo (TPK)) omelene izindlu, uze emva koko kutyhilwa iindlela ezizodwa.

Ukufumaneka lolawulo Imiphezulu ezilawulwa-nephiko phambi kunye olungalawulwayo nangasemva ivumela ziquka enomjukujelwa scheme ashukimisayo lohlobo "idada".

Sebenza iindlela irula ngexesha nangazo moya

Le ihanjiswa kwiglasi-ifayibha kwaqinisa TPK iplastiki, siqala kuyo phantsi kwempembelelo accumulator xi propellant. Xa uqala kuthatha indawo ejection encinane yeegesi elinyukayo ekupheleni ngasemva TPK. Ngoko nangoko emva kokushiya isikhongozeli ngokubhengezwa otyunjiweyo amaphiko injini irula luqaliweyo. Laser emehlweni ukwakweli enomjukujelwa aft, okwakha ukuhlala laser umqadi ngexesha esemoyeni.

Ukuholwa laser umqadi kwi thagethi isiqinisekiso ukuchaneka ophezulu nokudubula, nayo bunciphe olwandayo umgama target. Amandla kwimitha laser emehlweni iphantsi gqitha kangangokuba ngumyalelo ziwe ngaphantsi kwe kunongeno, kwaqala amandla elifunyanwa inkqubo kweesiginali bezinye iintlanga laser zokukhanya. Inika efihlakeleyo ekugqibeleni kwezixhobo. Irula "umsinga" okwaziyo uthutha amancinci-ubungakanani ukutshabalalisa iklasi "itanki" ekujoliswe kunye namathuba ka-80%.