Isenzo impendulo prosecutorial: Iindidi

Ingqesho Ummeli yenye yezi ntlobo zemisebenzi karhulumente ejolise nokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Injongo yazo zonke abaziingcali kule ndawo kukuqinisekisa ulawulo lomthetho kunye nokuhlonipha amalungelo, nenkululeko kunye neminqweno yabantu emideni yonke karhulumente Russian. kweliso Prosecutorial kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngumthetho federal, kunjalo nje kumasebe zomthetho.

Yintoni ulawulo umtshutshisi kunye nendima izenzo impendulo?

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ulawulo karhulumente yenziwa ngamanye amaqumrhu amaninzi. Ngamnye kubo enobuchule yayo, imida igunya, amaxwebhu asemthethweni kuchazwe ngokucacileyo. Kwezi imizimba, kukho nazo echazwe iliso nolawulo lwabo, okt. E. Scope. Ngokwahlukileyo kwezi izakhiwo zikarhulumente, kweliso na isigaba phantse esinganasiphelo nempembelelo kuzo zonke kuluhlu unxibelelwano noluntu, ukuba sithethe ngezinto integrity kwilizwe ongenaqabane.

Isenzo impendulo prosecutorial - uxwebhu onamandla ngokwaneleyo zomthetho, eneneni "isixhobo 'ngemisebenzi kula maqumrhu. sele Ukuthintela ukunyhashwa kwemithetho kunye nokuphelisa zolwaphulo kwenzeka - imingeni ephambili abajongene ngexesha lemisebenzi esesikweni ngumsebenzi ngamnye.

Izenzo impendulo prosecutorial iindidi eziliqela amaxwebhu:

• baqhankqalaze;
• ukumelwa;
• isigqibo sokuba iqalise inkqubo enetyala solawulo;
• isilumkiso malunga inadmissibility of kukwaphula umthetho.

A loviwo eneenkcukacha yoqhankqalazo yomtshutshisi: injongo yeli xwebhu

Lokuqala uhlobo amaxwebhu lokuqhankqalaza anxulumene. Le yenye yezona zinto, nto leyo elungiswe umtshutshisi woluntu okanye isekela lakhe ngqo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko oku akungqubani-siseko Russian, eminye imithetho ingangqubani amalungelo oluntu. bethe uMtshutshisi kukuba yimpendulo isenzo uxwebhu mthethweni ekhutshwe ligosa okanye emzimbeni. Inokubuyiselwa kuthengiselwa umoni, ukuze ophezulu igunya okanye inkundla umyalelo yenkqubo enikwa yi-sikhokelo esemthethweni.

Njengoko umthetho, umtshutshisi bumse yimfuneko engxamisekileyo ukuphelisa ephikisanayo kunye nokungangqinelani "incwadi yomthetho", ekhona eshicilelwe isenzo somthetho emisiweyo. Ukongeza, umtshutshisi woluntu angacela igunya okanye umntu ekhuphe isenzo mthethweni, ukuba kuziswe uxwebhu ngokuthobela ubuninzi kunye nomthetho federal okanye bupheliswe ekugqibeleni.

Zonke iintlobo awasabela umtshutshisi woluntu ezisetyenziswa umsebenzi imizimba, ngamabango zoluntu, iingxelo, ubungqina. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi ukuzisa bekhalaza kwegunya umoni okanye igosa eligunyazisiweyo ukuba akhuphe isenzo ngokungqinelana nemithetho ye-Russian Federation, kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba umtshutshisi kunye nesekela lakhe ngqo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukufakwa kwe-adyumenti enkundleni okanye igosa ophezulu ngokungqinelana kunye nezenzo zolawulo federal ukuba benjenjalo kuphela bantu zikhankanywe apha ngasentla.

Ngokufutshane malunga nesakhiwo weqela legunya yomtshutshisi ekwenzeni zoqhankqalazo

Isigqibo umtshutshisi karhulumente kwinqanaba federal-kwisithili yokwenza bekhalaza izenzo zomthetho zamasebe central karhulumente kunye nabaphathiswa kunokwenzeka. Kuphela noMtshutshisi Jikelele we-Russian Federation, ngokunjalo nabantu abahlala kulo, banelungelo lokubhena izenzo ezinjalo musa ukuthobela imithetho karhulumente. Ngako oko, abatshutshisi ziyaxhotyiswa ukuba umngeni amaxwebhu asemthethweni kwamagunya aphezulu lwesifundo, izakhiwo kulawulo ikhonkco ahambelanayo.

Kwaye izenzo esweni prosecutorial phezu impendulo ziyabophelela kuzo zonke abatshutshisi phantsi. Kulo mzekelo, umtshutshisi uluntu lunelungelo, linobuchule ukuzisa uqhankqalazo ukuba zombini ezo ngokomgangatho wakhe, yaye ukubheka. Kunoko akanakuba. Ngelo xesha, ivumela ukuba ukulungiselela uyilo umtshutshisi owayamileyo kwimeko yesenzo okanye igunya amagosa mthethweni bona it phakathi kobuchule yomtshutshisi ye kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Yintoni umtshutshisi?

Isenzo elilandelayo impendulo prosecutorial - umtshutshisi. Injongo yolu xwebhu ukuphelisa bephula umthetho, Nokumphikisa izinto zabo, ngokunjalo iimeko kunye neemeko kunye nawo. sikhokelo Strong zomthetho kunye uluhlu lwamaxwebhu ezikhutshwe yi-Ofisi General of Public Umtshutshisi of the Russian Federation, ingakumbi Order of the GP of Russia 1999 "Xa ekomelezeni kweliso prosecutorial phezu ngokugcinwa ulawulo lomthetho kwi nokusonjululwa kwezicelo, imiyalezo kunye nolunye ulwazi malunga zolwaphulo azenzileyo, balungisa", ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise le ndlela wokujongana bephula umthetho, njengokuba umelo.

Zonke iisampuli ke izenzo yezimvo prosecutorial ukuba ukutyeshelwa-arhente zikarhulumente ziye evunyiweyo. Bona senziwe ngendlela efanayo uqhankqalazo, umtshutshisi okanye umntu esikhundleni sakhe. Zisa ingcamango kwigunya loluntu okanye umntu uya kukhonza okanye amandla ekuphononongeni ukuphelisa nokuhlukunyezwa. Umtshutshisi kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kuqwalaselwa ngaphandle kokulibazisa, kwisithuba seentsuku ezi-3 ezayo. Ukuze wenze isicelo, umtshutshisi karhulumente kufuneka ilungiswe phambi izixhobo zovavanyo isifundo. Isizathu kuphela ntetho umtshutshisi ngayo ukungeniswa nga kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukugxojwa sele lusekiwe.

Yintoni umtshutshisi?

Xa naziphi na iziphakamiso ezenziwe ngumtshutshisi, kungakhathaliseki kwinqanaba federal, le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

1. igosa okanye igunya apho isenzo impendulo prosecutorial.
2. Ulwazi imithombo ukuba ubungqina ikhoyo ukunyhashwa ezithile umthetho.
3. abalinganiswa ngqo zokuphula, kuquka uhlolo kunye nohlahlelo oonobangela, iimeko kunye neemeko ezibangela ukuba iimpazamo izinto zomthetho.
4. Abatshutshisi kufunwe ngokupheliswa ukunyhashwa kunye neemeko zokuziswa zinto.
5. Umtshutshisi malunga neenkqubo nolawulo ixesha omzimba ngokutsha okanye ntetho isono esemthethweni.

izimvo Umxholo eyongezelelweyo Igqwetha

Le ntetho wesicatshulwa zingenzeka kunye nengcebiso yomtshutshisi ngokuphathelele kubulawe zokuphula. Xa kunjalo, kufuneka babe kugxininiswa ngokusemthethweni, hayi kuthwala umlinganiswa yezenzo, siphazamise kwinkqubo yolawulo kwintsimi ethile lomsebenzi, ngokufuthi yonyulwa okusebenza kunye noqoqosho.

Umtshutshisi maluqhutywe ngolu izindululo ukusombulula iimeko kwadala kukwaphula umthetho. Apha ke kwiimeko ezininzi i 'nokungangqinelani' ngokusemthethweni iindawo zobugcisa, intlangano, yolawulo kunye noqoqosho.
Izenzo ezinjalo of impendulo prosecutorial (iintlobo amaxwebhu ezinjalo zinxulumene inani amaxwebhu asemthethweni eziziisekondari) zilungiselelwe ngokuhambelana izigqibo leengcali emxinwa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto nokuhlolwa, uphicotho, njalo-njalo. D.

Iimpawu umtshutshisi efake izenzakalo

Ngokumalunga neemfuno umtshutshisi, ezijolise ekujonganeni oonobangela bolwaphulo-mthetho ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ufumaneka kuzo umbuzo ukufakwa imbopheleleko yezemali okanye yoluleko kwabenzi ubuso yesehlo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba izenzo violators iimpawu mthetho yolawulo okanye ityala engekho mthetho.

Ukuba uhlola eminye imizekelo yezenzo impendulo prosecutorial, ingakumbi ingcamango yokuba uninzi lwabo Awukwazi ukufumana inkcazelo eneenkcukacha indlela ummiselo osemthethweni iinkqubo zokuhlolwa yaziswa xwebhu. Noko ke, ukuba uxwebhu kuthathwa ngaphandle kokulibazisa, yithini, omnye mhlawumbi akufanele. Ithuba enikwa ukuze ziqwalaselwe, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayizange ifakwe. Okwa wabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba amanyathelo eziphathekayo ukusombulula ukunyhashwa bathatha indawo, kwakunye enxulumene nezi zinto kufuneka isetyenziswe kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-30 ezayo.

Inyanga eyabelwe ukwamkelwa naziphi na izigqibo kunye nezenzo umzimba okanye ubuso umhlaseli kudla waqonda njengoko iqela elijongene kubuyekezwa. Kuphephe wamaphepha mide kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ukubandakanywa kule ntetho kwengcaciso ecacileyo imiqathango kunye nemihla. Kuphela xa okufunwa ngoyaba ngabom iGqwetha abe nesizathu ngokwaneleyo okulungileyo ngokuqala i mthetho.

Iimpawu kunye umda ngesigqibo salo mtshutshisi

Izenzo impendulo prosecutorial, iintlobo okufanele ingqalelo oluneenkcukacha, zahlukile. Olu luhlu luya maxwebhu alandelayo ukusuka kumsebenzi we utshutshiso nya. Kule meko ngumbuzo womgwebo. isenzo ngokusemthethweni olu hlobo umtshutshisi ukwenza ngethuba lokugada kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho, ezempilo, ezentlalo, ezenkcubeko, izithuthi kunye namanye amacandelo lobudlelwane noluntu. Isisombululo Ummeli - isenzo ebalulekileyo, sele kwimeko inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enkqubo neekqubo zenkundla ezijongene nolwaphulo.

Ngapha koko, umtshutshisi woluntu, ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yazo wokongamela phezu nokugcinwa nemigaqo esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation namaqumrhu karhulumente lwabalawuli abaphezulu, iikomiti, iinkonzo, amabhunga olawulo, balapho-government, ulawulo emkhosini, abasemagunyeni ulawulo, inawo onke amagunya ukwenza umyalelo okumisela okanye ekuqaleni yemveliso inkqubo umthetho yolawulo.

Isigqibo yomtshutshisi kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye neziphumo zoviwo yokuqala athathwe yi-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, njengoko kuya kufuneka kuchazwe ngencwadi ebhaliweyo.

Abatshutshisi okanye amagosa, indawo yabo iya kunyanzeleka ukuba enze isigqibo kwimeko isampulu imfuneko ukukhulula umntu ovalelweyo ngokungekho mthethweni kwi ukuthotyelwa elugcinweni, ngokunjalo kwiziko zengqondo ngezifo kwigumbi ngokwesini nasihlahla.

ummiselo yoMtshutshisi kuyimfuneko ukwenza ulawulo yeziko, abasemagunyeni olawulo yenkundla, ukusebenza kunye nabantu abaye wagwetywa nje ezinxulumene nokuswela okanye isithintelo kwenkululeko. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umtshutshisi lunamandla ngokwaneleyo for self-ukwamkelwa kwaso nasiphi na isigqibo yenkqubo kwiingxoxo zolwaphulo na manqanaba pre-kwetyala. Isisombululo isampulu zizidibanise izisombululo ezifuna abadlali ukuba enze izenzo ezithile. Umzekelo:

• ukuqaphela ummangalelwa civil, ummangali yoluntu;
• qhoboshela ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ezibalulekileyo ubungqina ;
• isicelo njongo, ngokutsho umtshutshisi, ngokomlinganiso tikhoma.

Yintoni isilumkiso umtshutshisi woluntu

Enye indlela esweni prosecutorial kufuneka ngokuba isilumkiso ezijolise ekuthinteleni bephula umthetho. Ukuba kukho ubungqina izinto ezingekho mthethweni kwacetywa ngabantu ngokubamba izithuba uxanduva, ibhengeze imithi. Isampulu uba uxwebhu ethile evunywe yi imilo mthetho. Xa wayebhalela umtshutshisi okanye isekela lakhe isilumkiso rhoqo ngqo ukunqanda izenzo umsebenzi ziyingozi.

Kuphela xa kukho njongo elizayo ububi, ethembekileyo kwaye zingqinisiswe umtshutshisi data ulwazi okanye oosekela bakhe, kwakunye abatshutshisi ikhonkco kwindawo engezantsi mayibhekiswe abantu isilumkiso. Olu xwebhu lubandakanya:

• waqinisekisa iinkcukacha isenzo solwaphulo ecwangcisiweyo;
• ngezizathu ezithile yokubhengeza impendulo umtshutshisi loluntu;
• uluhlu lwe ukunyhashwa kunye olusikiweyo lokuphelisa yabo (iinyanga ezi-2).

umyalelo "Ngomhla isicelo izilumkiso malunga inadmissibility zokugxojwa umthetho" wathunyelwa ngo-1999, i-General wabaThsutshisi Russian Federation. Olu xwebhu ikuchaza ngokweenkcukacha zonke iintlobo iimeko injunctive. Le zomthetho abatshutshisi isenzo zonke links, kwakunye zomkhosi ezizodwa kwaye usetyenziswa umlinganiselo siphambili okuthintela kakubi.

Njengoko kwakunye uqhankqalazo, kunye noqeqesha isigqibo, isilumkiso siku abatshutshisi abaziintloko. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isilumkiso, njengokuba enjalo, abatshutshisi basebenzisa ukuphumeza kweliso incarnation ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo yemithetho kunye nemimiselo.

Yintoni imfuneko kwizenzo impendulo prosecutorial?

Kungakhathaliseki apho isenzo esithile impendulo prosecutorial kunye kweliso ngqo ilungu elithile, umbutho, njalo njalo. E., Limelwe ukuba kwenziwe kwithuba elimiselweyo, njengoko uxhomekeke uphumezo engqongqo.
Iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa kunye kweliso iGqwetha ebanzi ngokwaneleyo. Ezi ziquka:

• ukulawula ekwenzeni imithetho;
• kweliso ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko;
• ukulawula izinto ezenziwa bokuphanda imizimba yophando, icandelo yokusebenza-yokukhangela;
• kweliso kubulawa olomeleleyo izenzo olumisiweyo ngokomthetho yamacandelo olawulo bemimandla, imizi;
• ulawulo phezu ukuphunyezwa zolawulo sikhokelo esemthethweni kwiintolongo kunye namaziko zonyanzelo yamabanjwa.

Kwimeko neemfuno-zokungathotyelwa ngabom labetshutshisi, sigwetyelwe ngegunya ngokwaneleyo, mhlawumbi ngoyaba izenzo impendulo - uqhankqalazo, nemimiselo, odolo (a isampuli ngamnye kubo inokufumaneka nje ungasinika ngokommiselo echaphazelekayo) igcwele ukuba umoni isohlwayo, umlinganiselo ubukhulu 1-3 amawaka (ngokutsho Code of Administrative mthetho).